Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research
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Evaluation of the Effects of Replacing Fish Meal with Chicken By-Product Meal on the Zootechnical Parameters and Biochemical Composition of the Flesh of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fry
No full textThis study investigated the possibility of partially or completely replacing fish meal with chicken by-product meal in the diet of Nile tilapia fry. Two hundred and twenty-five mixed fry were divided into five treatment groups, with three replicates each contained 15 fry, placed in 15 plastic tanks for six weeks. The levels of chicken by-product meal incorporated into the feed at 25% (R1), 50% (R2), 75% (R3), and 100% (G4) of fish meal were compared to the control fish meal-based feed (100% fish meal, R0). The results indicated that the final mean weight (FMW), absolute mean weight gain (AMWG), specific growth rate (SGR), and FCR varied significantly between fish fed diets R0, R1, R2, and R3 and those fed diet R4 (P > 0.05). FMW, AMWAG, SGR, and FCR were improved in fish fed diets containing chicken by-product meal compared to the control diet R0 while those fed the diet containing 100% chicken by-product meal (R4) showed the lowest performance and the best performance was obtained with diet R1 containing 25% chicken by-product meal. Fish survival rates were 100% for all groups, thanks to favorable environmental conditions. The body composition of the fish was also improved, especially the fat content, which increased in line with the increase in chicken by-product meal in the feed. Overall, replacing fish meal with chicken by product meal had a positive impact on the feeding of tilapia fry
Prospects of Oil Spill Remediation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria: A Case Study of Bodo Creek
No full textRemediation of oil spill contaminated sites is very important in the actualization of the goals of the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (UNDER) project. Conventional and artisanal oil explorations have resulted in several oil spill incidence within the Niger Delta. The volume of spilled oil in Bodo Creek was estimated to be 103,000 - 311,000 barrels. Shoreline flushing and artificial mangrove revegetation are key aspects of the remediation process. This review was done to assess the effect of the oil spill remediation on the recovery of flora and fauna in Bodo Creek. The data was mined from the literature on pre-spill, post-spill and post-remediation studies from the same study Stations in Bodo Creek. This review reported oil exploration and oil spills in the study area. The study reviewed oil spill remediation approaches as well as the highlights on the recovery trend of macroinvertebrate following oil spill remediation. Prospects of oil spill remediation including; oil degradation, improved economy, carbon sequestration and coastal protection are reported in this study. What is the correlation between oil spill remediation and the recovery of flora and fauna? We hypothesized that the remediation would result in faster recovery of macroinvertebrate. The study found that remediation results in faster recovery of macroinvertebrate. This paper concluded that further research is necessary in order to develop unique oil spill remediation approaches to serve as the template for oil spill remediation in other parts of the Niger Delta as proper oil spill remediation efforts are necessary to tackle the severe consequences of oil spills in the environment. There is a need for collaboration between the oil spill remediation agency and researchers. It is also important to publish findings from empirical studies on remediation
Evaluation of the Effect of Various Substrates on the Attachment of Juvenile Brown Mussel (Mytilopsis adamsi)
No full textBrown mussel (Mytilopsis adamsi) is a potential alternative feed for lobster and crustacean aquaculture in Indonesia, with a balanced nutritional content of 13.29% protein and 80.30% water content, and does not compete with human food needs. This study was conducted because brown mussels are not consumed by humans so they can be concentrated as lobster feed without competing food sources. Cultivating brown mussels is expected to increase lobster productivity in Indonesia and provide consistent fresh feed for cultured lobsters. The development of brown mussels as lobster feed is also encouraged by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (KKP) to overcome the problem of inconsistent feed supply and improve feed quality for lobsters. This study aimed to assess the effect of four types of substrates (80% paranet, PE rope, white net, and paris cloth) on the attachment of juvenile brown mussels for 30 days at BPBL West Lombok, using a completely randomized design with 6 replicates. The results showed that PE rope had the highest attachment density in the water column (1.62 fish/cm2) and at the bottom of the container (6.91 fish/cm2). The absolute growth rate was recorded in white netting (860 µm for AP length and 1630.17 µm for DV), while the highest specific growth rate was found in paris cloth for AP (0.154%/day) and PE rope for DV (0.186%/day). It can be concluded that the study showed that PE rope was the best substrate in terms of density. White Net excelled in the absolute growth of brown mussel juveniles. Fabric stood out for AP length-specific growth rate, while rope performed best for DV-specific growth rate. The substrate at the bottom of the container consistently gave better results than that in the water column. Further research is recommended to assess the effect of varying attachment density on other substrate types, as well as longer rearing duration
Evaluating Natural Feed for Crayfish Farming: Economic and Ecological Benefits
No full textCrayfish is an aquaculture commodity that has high economic value, with growing international market demand. However, the growth of these lobsters tends to be slow, both in terms of body length and weight, which is often caused by limited quality feed and high production costs. The use of alai feed, such as silkworms and other organic materials, can be a solution to improve cost efficiency and support more optimal lobster growth. In addition, natural feed offers ecological benefits by reducing water pollution and organic waste, as well as supporting the sustainability of local ecosystems. This approach also has the potential to reduce the risk of disease in lobsters, as natural feed is more in line with their biological diet. By improving production efficiency and supporting sustainable livelihoods, it is an environmentally and economically sound solution for the aquaculture sector
Determining the Main Morphometrical Traits to Describe Body Weight in Male Hampala Barb Fish (Hampala macrolepidota)
No full textAims: Determine the main morphometrical traits influencing body weight in male Hampala Barb (HB) fish.
Place and Duration of Study: The fish were taken from Kampar Kiri River at Mentulik Village, Kampar Regency, Riau Province. This research was conducted in February-April 2018.
Methodology: The survey method used in this research takes morphometric measurements of fish. Hampala fish is used as the object of research. The survey method is a research method that is carried out directly on the object of research without giving special treatment to the object under study. A total of 26 morphometrical traits were measured from 42 male HB fishes.
Results: Research showed that the average body weight of HB fishes was 245.24±136.54 g. Four morphometrical measurements of maximum body height, pre-dorsal length, pre-ventral fin length, and caudal pendulum height were selected as the leading four variables to predict body weight with the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.95. Therefore, a variable of maximum body height can predict the body weight with an R2 value of 0.91.
Conclusion: The body weight of Hampala fish can be accurately predicted with morphometric measurements. The maximum body height can influence the body weight of Hampala fish with the R2 value of 0.91. Overall morphometrical measurements of maximum body height, pre-dorsal length, pre-ventral fin length, and caudal peduncle height can describe the body weight of Hampala fish with R2 = 0.95
Comparative Study of the Ichthyological Production between Two Hydrosystems under Protection and Open Access in Aby Lagoon, Côte d\u27Ivoire
No full textThe main objective of this study is to highlight the role of fisheries management in the productivity and sustainability of fisheries-related activities. The study ran from December 2020 to May 2021 and from December 2021 to May 2022. Sampling was carried out on catches from an artisanal fishery using purse seines in both fishing environments. The results for the reserves showed a reduction in fishing effort in year 2 compared with year 1. In terms of profit per fishing trip in the reserves. The highest Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) was recorded in Ehoussou (3,526.87 kg) and Abiaty (2,624 kg) during the first year, and in Bèdoubegnin/Mauricekro (1,774 kg), Abiaty (1,288.88 kg), Aby (1,283.57 kg) and Eplemlan (1,240 kg) during the second year. The largest quantities of fish caught per reserve were observed at Ehoussou (56,430 Kg) and Abiaty (39,360 Kg) during year 1, and at Aby (17,970 Kg) and Bèdoubegnin/Mauricekro (17,740 Kg) during year 2. On the portion of the Aby lagoon to which access is free, the fishing effort amounted to 2,315 trips (year 1), compared with 1,812 trips in year 2. In this free-fishing zone, the CPUE was 291.12 kg in year 1, compared with 193.17 kg in year 2. The quantity of fish produced annually in this unprotected portion was 673,935 kg in year 1, and 350,029 kg in year 2. These results showed that for the small amount of fishing effort made in the reserves (250 trips) over the sampling period, the average profit from one fishing trip was as high as possible (1,177.31 kg). The opposite was observed in the lagoon portion with free access, since with an effort of 4,127 fishing trips over the entire survey period, the average gain from one fishing trip was only 248.11 kg. This study serves to alert fisheries managers to the fact that productivity is not correlated with the increase in fishing pressure, and that the profit per fishing team in terms of biomass is higher in reserves under protection. This experiment needs to be replicated in other hydro-systems of bio-ecological interest, to better safeguard fishing in a sustainable manner
Population Dynamic of the Shield-head Catfish Synodontis Schall (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) in Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex, Sudan
No full textThis study aimed to assess important population bio-parameters of Synodontis schall in the Upper Atbara and the Setit dam complex (Sudan), comprising asymptotic length, growth curvature, length at maturity, optimum length, growth performance index, and mortality rate. The study was based on the need to assess capture fisheries; whose success depends on understanding the species\u27 population structure. For five months (September 2019 and January 2020), 500 specimens of S. schall were collected randomly using gillnet from fishermen monthly. Morphometric parameters were taken in the field. The length-weight relationship demonstrated a strong correlation coefficient of r = 0.902, indicating a negative allometric growth pattern with a b-value of 2.619. The von Bertalanffy growth function was used in estimating population parameters obtained from length-frequency data; The asymptotic length (L∞) was 36.75 cm, the growth curvature (K) was 0.78 yr.-1, and the optimum length (Lopt) was 23.09 cm. The total mortality (Z) was 2.09 yr.-1; exploitation rate (E) = 0.34 yr. -1, natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) = 1.39 and 0.7 yr. -1, respectively. The overall growth performance index of 3.023 indicated a slow rate of growth. The results suggest that this species and other commercial species require further research on population dynamics
Dietary African Yam Bean Meal (Sphenostylis sternocarpa) as a Complementary Substitute for Soybean Meal in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Fingerlings: Effect on Intestinal Histology and Zootechnical Performance
No full textBackground: The effects of soybean meal replacement with African yam bean meal on the intestinal histology and zootechnical performance of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus fingerlings was assessed in this study. One hundred and eighty C. gariepinus fingerlings weighing 13.62±0.12g were randomly distributed into plastic tanks at ten fish per tank in triplicate and fed six rations (treatments) representing graded replacement levels of soybean with African yam bean for 70 days. Soybean meal was replaced with African yam bean (AYB) at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% denoted as the control T1 (0%), T2 (20%), T3 (40%), T4 (60%), T5 (80%) and T6 (100%) respectively. Weekly weighing of fish was done and data collected was subjected to statistical analysis. Zootechnical performance was based on growth performance and nutrient utilization efficiency.
Results: After the feeding trials, tissue samples from the intestines were removed by dissection for histological study. Tissue sections were compared after examination under the microscope for differences in the morphology of the tissues. The histology of the intestine of fish fed African yam bean meal included diets showed apparently normal intestinal villi and enterocytes in T2, T3 and T4. Histology of the intestine of C. gariepinus in T6 had disorganized enterocytes which induced enteritis in the fish. The result on growth performance and nutrient utilisation showed that body weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio were significantly different from each other (P< 0.05). The best feed conversion ratio was recorded in the control.
Conclusions: This study showed that African yam bean can replace soybean up to 60% in the diet of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus for required growth without any negative effect on the gut histology of the fish
A Review on the Role of Probiotics in Aquaculture Production and their Future in Tropical Environments
No full textThis review explores the potential of probiotics in enhancing fish production in tropical environments, characterized by high temperatures, humidity, and year-round precipitation, which covers about 36% of the world\u27s land, where fish production activities as a global enterprise are fully based. Aquaculture is commonly referred to as fish farming because fish farming is the principal form of aquaculture which implies some sort of intervention in the rearing process to enhance production processes such as regular stocking, feeding, and protection from diseases and predators. The value or contribution of aquaculture to the globe cannot be over-emphasized in terms of the provision of animal protein, propagation of the desired species of fish, Aquaculture, the method of fish farming, plays a crucial role in providing animal protein, essential fatty acids (omega-3 and omega-6), and other health benefits while supporting global food security. This review revealed that one of the most significant technologies that evolved in response to successful aquaculture production and disease control problems is the use of beneficial bacteria (probiotics) which have been considered a valid alternative to prophylactic use of antibiotics with fast growth promotion of the aquatic animals. Effects of probiotics on the environmental temperature, immune modulations of aquatic animals, production, and reproductive performances such as good hatchability and survivability in fish production including Catfish (Heterobranchus dorsals), Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), Carp (Cyprinus carpio) production and Stress tolerance responses to environmental factors have been reviewed. This work highlighted the extent of success and contribution of probiotics in the tropical environment
Pesticide Levels in Two Fish Species from a Section of the Niger River, Anambra State, Nigeria
No full textExamination of pesticides from various fish species in the Nile River Anambra state was used to assess the level of contamination in the Niger River. With the assistance of a fisherman, two distinct fish species were gathered from two different spots along the river. Tilapia (tilapia zillii) and Elops machnata (machnata tenpounder or African ladyfish) are the species. A BUCK M910 gas chromatography (GC-FID) was used to identify the species\u27 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and organophosphates (OPPs). Eleven distinct pesticides, including four organophosphates and six orgaochlorine pesticides, were found in each of the two sites. It was concluded that tilapia has a mean concentration of 3.1312±2.8362µg/ml, whereas elopsmachanata has the highest at 6.8618±9.8199µg/ml.
For both sites, ΣOCPs revealed that the highest concentration of organochlorine is found in elopsmachanata. Whereas ΣOPPs in tilapia have values of 2.2167 and 0.2626 on locations A and B, respectively, their values in site A were 5.7358 and 0.8732. Since the contamination of fish samples was a sign of river contamination, these values exceeded the Federal Environmental Protection Agency\u27s (FEPA) acceptable limit of ˂0.02, which suggests possible adverse effects on consumers. Statistical analysis shows no significant difference in the two species and locations