Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research
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Impact of Fuel Subsidy Removal Policy on Fish Farmers\u27 Input Utilization in Yenagoa Agricultural Zone, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
No full textThis study analyzed the effect of the fuel subsidy removal policy on agricultural input utilization among fish farmers in Yenagoa Agricultural zone of Bayelsa state Nigeria. Fuel subsidy removal is intended to help reduce Nigeria’s dependence on imported fuel, increase the country’s economy and job creation, incentivize domestic refineries to produce more petroleum products, and free up resources for other sectors of the economy. Multi-staged sampling techniques were used for collecting data from eighty (80) respondents who were randomly selected from eight communities in Yenagoa Local Government Area. The data for this study were collected using primary and secondary data collection techniques. The effect of fuel subsidy removal on the profitability of fish farmers and the awareness level of fish farmers on federal government fuel subsidy removal in the study area was determined using a 3-point Likert-type rating scale. On the awareness level of fish farmers on federal government fuel subsidy removal, the result revealed that awareness of fuel subsidy removal and that fuel subsidy removal affected fish farming had mean scores of 2.30 and 2.29, respectively. On the effect of fuel subsidy removal on the profitability of fish farmers in the study area, the result revealed that fish farmers indicated removal of fuel subsidy has drastically increased the cost of inputs, and transportation costs, reduced household income, caused inflation, and reduced their purchasing power with mean scores of 2.45, 2.43, 2.28, 2.25 and 2.16, respectively. The simple regression result showed an inverse relationship existed between fuel subsidy removal policy and agricultural inputs utilization among fish farmers in the study area. Hence, fuel subsidy removal resulting in high production costs in fish production will reduce agricultural input utilization among fish farmers in the study area. Therefore, the null hypothesis (H01) that the fuel subsidy removal policy has no significant effect on fish farming utilization of inputs in the study area was rejected, and the alternative hypothesis (HA1) was upheld. The study, therefore, recommends employing more extension agents to educate rural fish farmers, developing strategies for integrated commercial fish farming to reduce costs and increase profits. Also, the government should invest in alternative energy sources and strengthen refineries to mitigate the impacts of fuel subsidy removal
Assessment of Fish Species Composition and Biodiversity in the Bioreeftek Installation Area of the Makassar Strait, Indonesia
No full textDemersal fishing has been intensively carried out so that it has an impact on population changes and ecosystem damage. Based on this, the study was conducted in the waters of the Makassar Strait from June to September 2023 to determine the composition, diversity, uniformity, and dominance of fish species caught around the Bioreeftek installation, which had been in place for three years. This study was conducted in the waters of the Makassar Strait from June to September 2023. This study used a survey method through direct observation and capture around the installation of the bioreeftek using a trammel net fishing gear. The results showed that the fish samples caught at the research location were 721 individuals. Species. During the study 11 distinct fish species was recorded, namely Lethrinus lentjam, Caranx sp, Epinephelus merra, Epinephelus spilotocep, Cephalopholis sp, Therapon therap, Lutjanus monostigma, Nemipterus tumbuloide, Siganus doliatus, Parachaetodon ocellatus, and Lutjanus sp. The highest composition of Japanese threadfin bream is 26.07% and the lowest is Sixspine butterflyfish 5.13%, diversity ranges from 5.87-74.02 with high category, uniformity 0.38-4.84 with low, medium and high categories and low dominance (0.003-0.068). The composition of the catch in bioreeftek is dominated by Japanese threadfin bream (Nemipterus japonicus Bloch, 1791), while diversity is classified as high and uniformity varies with low dominance as evidence that the restoration carried out has an effective impact in restoring ecosystem function in coastal areas
Comparative Analysis of Aquatic Plant Biodiversity in Two Agroecological Zones of Bangladesh
No full textThis paper presents a comparative study on aquatic plant diversity in the two agroecologically different districts of Bangladesh, Tangail and Chapai Nawabganj. The research ran from March 2023 to February 2024, drawing on field notes, in-depth interviews, and surveys blended to form a single mixed-methods study. The work has been divided aquatic plants into five categories according to visual inspection: free floating, rooted floating, submerged, emergent, and marginal. Five types of aquatic plants, a total of 74 species from 32 families and 19 orders, were recorded in two districts. Among them, 53 species were found in Tangail and 34 in Chapai Nawabganj. Tangail had greater diversity of emergent plants (49%), whereas marginal species were higher in Chapai Nawabganj (23.53%). As for seasonal distribution patterns, in both regions the highest presence of aquatic plants was observed during the monsoon season, with 50% in Chapai Nawabganj and 45% in Tangail. There were comparatively more native species (73.6%) and fewer vulnerable species (1.9%) in Tangail. Similarly, no vulnerable species were found in Chapai Nawabganj, where native species predominated (67.6%). The results demonstrate the ecological differences captured in the study, which are influenced by geography, climate, and hydrology, and indicate further studies of biodiversity need to be conducted along with regional conservation plans focused on assessing the particular region’s
Social Mapping of Mini Purse Seine Fishermen at Nusantara Fishing Port, Pekalongan, Indonesia
No full textAims: This research on social mapping aims to provide an overview of the community\u27s conditions and identify data-based characteristics to support the development of mini purse seine fishermen around the Nusantara Fishing Port in Pekalongan and inform local development and empower small-scale fishing communities.
Study Design: This study was designed as a descriptive qualitative research using a survey approach.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Panjang Wetan, North Pekalongan District, Pekalongan City, from December 2023 to August 2024.
Methodology: The primary method of data collection was a survey using questionnaires. Respondents were selected through purposive sampling based on several criteria. A total of 30 respondents were involved, including fishermen, fishermen\u27s wives, and stakeholders in Dadap Village. The collected data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis.
Results: The social variables found include: 118 mini purse seine fishermen in Panjang Wetan Sub-district are of Javanese ethnicity and speak the Javanese language; there is an associative relationship among the fishermen; most of the fishermen have only completed primary school; and one of the existing fishing traditions is the Sadranan ceremony.
Conclusion: This manuscript offers valuable insights into the everyday lives and socio-economic structures of small-scale fishing communities, particularly mini purse seine fishermen in Pekalongan. The topic is rarely explored in academic research, especially from a social mapping perspective. By presenting detailed findings on kinship, education, gender roles, and community dynamics, the study contributes meaningfully to the broader discourse on coastal development and grassroots-level policy. Its relevance extends to scholars, practitioners, and policymakers working in fisheries, rural sociology, and community empowerment
Synergistic Effects of Probiotics and Oligosaccharide Prebiotics on Water Quality and Growth Performance of Litopenaeus vannamei
No full textThe increasing intensification of shrimp aquaculture, particularly of Litopenaeus vannamei, necessitates sustainable strategies to enhance growth performance while maintaining optimal water quality. This study investigates the synergistic effects of dietary supplementation with probiotics and prebiotics—specifically Mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), and Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS)—administered individually and in various combinations on the growth, survival, feed utilization, and water quality parameters in L. vannamei cultured under controlled biofloc conditions.
Twelve experimental diets were formulated: a control diet (T1), basal diets supplemented with either probiotics or individual prebiotics (T2–T5), and various synbiotic combinations of probiotics with one or more prebiotics (T6–T12). The feeding trial was conducted for 80 days using triplicate groups per treatment, with regular monitoring of growth indices (final weight, specific growth rate [SGR], feed conversion ratio [FCR], survival rate) and key water quality indicators (dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia-N, nitrite-N, nitrate-N).
The results revealed that all synbiotic treatments significantly outperformed the control and individual supplement treatments (p < 0.05), with the highest final weight (15.21 g), SGR (3.40%/day), survival (93.5%), and the lowest FCR (1.38) observed in T12, which received a combination of MOS, FOS, XOS, and probiotics. Furthermore, water quality parameters in synbiotic treatments remained within optimal limits throughout the study, with T12 showing significantly reduced ammonia and nitrite concentrations and improved dissolved oxygen levels, indicating enhanced microbial activity and nitrification processes.
These findings underscore the importance of incorporating synbiotics, especially triple oligosaccharide blends with probiotics, into shrimp diets as a sustainable strategy to boost aquaculture productivity and water quality management. The study contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting functional feeds in promoting eco-friendly and economically viable shrimp farming
Nitrogen, Phosphorus Absorption Rate and Growth of Gracillaria verrucosa Based on Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) in Ekas Bay Waters, East Lombok, Indonesia
No full textThe development of marine aquaculture based on Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) is a method designed to overcome environmental problems associated with feed use in aquaculture activities. This study aims to analyze the growth performance, production and absorption rate of N and P of Gracillaria verrucosa seaweed cultivated by floating raft method around floating net cages. This study used an experimental method with 3 repetitions with the location of the floating raft system seaweed cultivation around the floating net cage (FNC) system cultivation activities placed at a distance of 40 meters from the FNC in the north (N), in the south (S), in the east (E), in the west (W) and floating rafts at a distance of 250 meters from the FNC as a control (C). The results showed that seaweed cultivated around FNC had better growth and production performance compared to those cultivated without FNC or controls. The N absorption rate of seaweed cultivated around FNC sites with a range between 0.41 - 0.88 g N/m2/day or 1.51 - 3.20 tons of N/ha/year was higher than in the control location of 0.49 g N/m2/day or 1.78 tons N/ha/year. While the level of P absorption of seaweed cultivated around the FNC location with a range between 0.69 - 1.38 g P/m2/day or 2.51 - 5.05 tons of P/ha/year is higher than in the control site of 0.49 g P/m2/day or 1.78 tons P/ha/year. The application of IMTA-based seaweed cultivation of Gracilaria verrucosa clearly provides economic and ecological benefits with an increase in biomass and improved environmental conditions
Growth of Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Challenged by Vibrio parahaemolyticus Bacteria with addition of Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder through Feed
No full textAims: To determine the effect of different feeding doses supplemented with Moringa leaf powder (Moringa oleifera) on the growth of vannamei shrimp infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
Study Design: Quantitative Experimental.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted over a period of 60 days, from January to March, at the Fish Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Study Program, University of Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.
Methodology: This research is using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), consisted by 5 treatments and 3 replications, resulting in a total of 15 experimental units. The treatments applied are addition moringa leaf powder (MLP) at different doses/kg food (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%). Shrimp cultivation was carried out for a period of 45 days. On the 46th day, the shrimp were subjected to a challenge test using Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria to evaluate the immune response of the shrimp that had been added MLP according to their respective treatment groups.
Results: The results of this research showed that the addition of moringa leaf powder (MLP) to feed at different doses had a significant effect to the parameters. Treatment 5 (P5-6% MLP addition) resulting survival rate 85%, specific weight growth rate 1.65%/day, specific length growth rate 2.3%/day, FCR 1.33, and phagocytic activity (PA) 74%. Treatment 5 (P5) statistically different to other treatment.
Conclusion: The addition of Moringa leaf powder through feed had a significant effect on survival rate, specific weight growth rate, specific length growth rate, FCR, and phagocytic activity
Antifertility Activity of Mangifera indica Leaves in Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
No full textBackground: Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is currently the second most farmed and produced fish group globally, accounting for approximately 3.49 million tonnes (Mt), following carp (24 Mt), and preceding clariids (2.97 Mt) and salmonids (2.36 Mt). Its prominence in aquaculture is attributed to a combination of favourable traits, including rapid growth rates, high tolerance to suboptimal water quality, efficient feed conversion, strong resistance to common diseases, widespread consumer acceptance, and its ability to spawn readily under culture conditions
Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of Mangifera indica (Mango) leaf methanolic extract as a natural reproductive inhibitor in Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia).
Methodology: The experiment was conducted from 21 February to 21 June 2024 at the Noun Chicken Fish Production Farm, located in Koutaba, Noun Sub-Division, West Region, Cameroon. A total of 450 mixed-sex juveniles of O. niloticus (mean initial weight: 13 ± 8.30 g) were randomly distributed into 15 happas (small-mesh net cages, 0.7 × 0.7 × 1 m) placed in a 6 m³ tarpaulin tank, at a density of 30 juveniles per happa, under natural temperature and photoperiod conditions. Five experimental diets were prepared: one control (untreated group) and four supplemented with M. indica leaf methanolic extract at doses of 0.08, 0.16, 0.24, and 0.32 g/kg feed. Fish were fed these diets for 45 days post-treatment, after which survival and zootechnical growth parameters were evaluated. Gonadal development was assessed through descriptive morphological examination at both 45 and 60 days post-treatment to determine the extract’s effects on reproductive performance.
Results: Phytochemical screening of Mangifera indica leaves methanolic extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and terpenes. The extract did not induce significant mortality across treated groups. However, growth performance analysis indicated that fish treated with 0.32 g/kg of M. indica leaf methanolic extract exhibited the most pronounced effects (p < 0.05), achieving an Average Weight Gain of 30.22 ± 1.41 g, Average Daily Gain of 0.43 ± 0.05 g/day, Specific Growth Rate of 1.78 ± 0.13 %/day, and an Average Condition Factor of 3.33 ± 0.17 %g/cm³.In contrast, reproductive parameters were markedly suppressed in treated groups. Males displayed significant reductions (p < 0.05) in gonadosomatic index (GSI), testicular weight, and length, while females exhibited decreases in GSI, ovary weight, fecundity, and mean egg diameter when compared with the control at both 45 and 60 days post-treatment. Morphological examination revealed pronounced gonadal atrophy in all treated groups, suggesting that the phytochemical constituents of M. indica—notably saponins, tannins, and alkaloids—may interfere with gonadal tissue development and steroidogenic pathways, leading to impaired reproductive function.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that M. indica leaves can be used as a natural agent to control the reproduction of Nile tilapia and overcome the problem of early maturation. The results will help local producer networks to improve tilapia production
Impact of Coal Mine Water on the Histology of Liver of Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758)
No full textAim: Increased instances of mining to obtain various sorts of minerals and energy forms have been reported to impose serious ill effects on the environment. Coal is one such energy form which is being extensively mined in the regions of Jharkhand. The following experiment was designed to investigate the effect of coal mine water on the histology of liver of Clarias batrachus.
Study Design: Fish were randomly divided into 3 groups with 5 fishes in each. Group 1 was kept as control, whereas fish in group 2 and 3 were exposed to 65% V/V of coal mine water collected from Pachwara North coal mines, Pakur, Jharkhand for 21 and 30 days, respectively.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Department of Zoology, St. Xavier College, Ranchi during March 2025 to May 2025.
Methodology: After 21 and 30 days, fish were sacrificed and liver tissues were procured, blotted free of blood and fixed in Bouin’s solution. The tissues were dehydrated, cleared and embedded into paraffin blocks. 5µm thin sections were cut and stained with H&E stain following routine laboratory protocol. Photomicrography was done using image analyzer for comparative analysis.
Results: Control liver showed normal architecture of intact central vein, roughly hexagonal hepatocytes with centrally placed nucleus alternating with sinusoids of normal diameter. In the treated group for 21 days, congested central vein, vacuolization and irregular sinusoids were notably visible. The damage intensified on exposure for 30 days showing time-dependent increase in the histological damage.
Conclusion: This showed that there were observable alterations in the liver histology upon exposure to coal mine water and the degree of damage intensified as duration of exposure increased. This warrants effective management of coal mine effluents prior to its disposal in the water bodies
Study of the Form of Fish Feed: The Process of Making, Allocating and Applying It in Fish Farming: A Literature Review
No full textFeed is one of the important factors that affect the growth and survival of the fish to be cultivated. Fish feed is a key element in aquaculture, with different feed forms having a significant impact on growth, feed efficiency, and water quality. This literature review aims to examine in depth the differences between the two forms of feed, the process of making it, and its practical application in fish farming. Proteins function as enzymes, hormones, antibodies, the main constituents of tissues, and as a source of energy. Vitamins are organic compounds that can be divided into categories that are fat-soluble and water-soluble. Powdered feed is more suitable for small fish, with the advantage of higher digestibility and contribution to a more efficient increase in feed conversion ratio (FCR) in larval fish. In contrast, cake-shaped feeds supported the needs of adult fish, with better feed efficiency and significant weight gains in certain studies. Both affect water quality parameters, such as dissolved oxygen and pH, where feed powder dissolves faster and risks increasing ammonia content, while cake feed is more stable and contributes to optimal feed use efficiency. The selection of the right feed form, based on the size and species of fish, is an important step in increasing aquaculture productivity in a sustainable manner. The form of fish feed plays an important role in the success of aquaculture because it affects consumption efficiency, growth, fish health, and water quality. The process of making feed, such as pellets, extrusion, natural feed, cakes, and powders, has their its own characteristics and advantages that are tailored to the specific needs of fish