Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research
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Using Oxygen Bioavailability and Somatic Embryogenesis Techniques for Regeneration of Old Seeds of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
No full textThe deterioration of the viability of seeds of old varieties (heirloom varieties) by exposure to long storage periods is one of the main problems facing plant breeding programmes; Thus, oxygen bioavailability and somatic embryogenesis techniques can overcome this problem to some extent. The goals of this study were to: 1) define the optimal oxygen bioavailability concentration for increasing the germination rates of old and waterlogged seeds; 2) define the relationship between the concentration of bioavailable oxygen in the liquid ingested by the germinating seed and seed vigor; and 3) use somatic embryogenesis techniques as a method for recovering plant germplasm from old or improperly stored seeds for use in plant breeding programs. This study was conducted in the tissue culture laboratory of the Potato and Vegetatively Propagated Vegetables Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Egypt. This research was conducted to regenerate perennial seeds (8 years) of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) variety Giza 6 (local variety) and compared with 1 year old seeds as control treatment of the same cultivar. This study established that prolonged hypoxia throughout a protracted period of storage can inhibit germination. Hypoxia during the impregnation and germination of bean seeds can be overcome by supplying the seeds with hydrogen peroxide (20 mM) throughout the germination process. Catalase enzyme (10.5 units/mL) is needed to convert hydrogen peroxide into oxygen. Also, to release oxygen from hydrogen peroxide, other catalytic agents, such as transition metal ions like Fe+2, Cu+2, and Mn+2, can be used at the following concentrations: 0.001M, 0.001M, and 0.0001M, respectively. A protective layer of CaSO4 (0.5 mM) was applied since aged seeds have very fragile biological membranes. The test of tetrazolium gave results for some seeds that it non-viable or some parts of the seed are damaged or defective; However, 2,4-D at a concentration of 5 mg/l + supplements (0.1 µM GA3/L + 2 mg kintien/L + 1.0 mM glutamine) was able to produce somatic embryos of the old seeds tissues for common bean cv. Giza 6 (a local variety). The study of the morphology and induction of somatic embryogenesis was done used scanning electron microscopy. In its early phases, the callus appeared as a scattering of elongated cells. And after being transferred to the DCR medium, the cells became tightly packed together, and globular-shaped embryos began to emerge between the tightly packed together cells
Residual Effect of Sago Dregs Fertilizer to Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Growth and Yield in Planting Period II in Marginal Land
No full textAims: The research aimed to study the potential of sago dregs fertilizer residue in increasing the growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in planting period II on marginal land.
Study Design: The research was conducted using a randomized block design with a single factor.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in Field Laboratory of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Halu Oleo, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study was conducted for four months.
Methodology: Single factor design in Randomized block design was used in the research. consists of 6 treatment levels of sago dregs fertilizer residue that have been applied in the previous planting period (planting period I), namely: without sago dregs (S0), using sago dregs 5 t ha-1 (S1), 10 t ha-1 (S2), 15 t ha-1 (S3), 20 t ha-1 (S4) and 25 t ha-1 (S5). Each treatment was placed in three groups so that there were 18 experimental units. The data was analyzed using analysis of variance and continued by Tukey Test 95% confidence level.
Results: The results generally showed that the sago dregs fertilizer residual had a significant effect on the growth and yield of Abelmoschus esculentus. The effectiveness of the residual effect of sago pulp organic fertilizer is 3.39% to 25.68% on the variable plant height, 12.77% to 24.07% on the variable stem diameter, 17.72% to 32.26% on the variable number of leaves, 23.84% to 53.03% on the variable area leaves, 24.06% to 39.15% in plant dry weight variable, 20.21% to 41.61% on the variable number of fruit and 14.46% to 34.21% on the variable weight of fruit. Strongly influenced by the dose of sago pulp organic fertilizer applied in growing season I.
Conclusion: Residual of sago dregs fertilizer potentially increasing of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) growth and yield in planting period II in marginal land. The effectiveness highest was achieved in the treatment of 15 t ha-1 sago dregs organic fertilizer, for all of variables observed
Performance of Two Varieties of Tomato Solanum lycopersicum L as Affected by Two Concentration of Hydroponic Solution
No full textThe effects of two distinct nutrient solutions were evaluated on two tomato varieties in a hydroponic system enclosed within a screen house over the course of 12 weeks. At three weeks of age, tomato seedlings previously cultivated in a nursery were transplanted into a Kratky hydroponic system, which involves the placement of plants in a net pot, where the growing media is secured by a lid and hung above the water. All of these were held in a container containing dissolved nutrients at two solutions different in concentrations, including both major and trace elements diluted at varying levels. Growth parameters were observed and recorded over a five-week period at weekly intervals, starting from the week after transplantation. In addition, data on yield, including fruit weight, diameter, and number, were collected at harvest and documented that both concentrations (i.e. 100% and 75%) were observed to give substantial results in terms of yield. However, the 100% concentration gave a better performance in all the parameters taken
Softwood Grafting in Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.)
No full textAim: The study focused on softwood grafting techniques using low-cost poly tunnel, shade net and poly house condition facilities.
Study Design: Split plot design technique was employed for data gathering.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out at the department of Plantation, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic crops, Kittur Rani Channamma College of Horticulture, Arabhavi, Karnataka during the year 2022.
Methodology: The experiment was carried out using split plot design which contained main factor as growing conditions and sub factor as months of grafting.
Results: The results revealed that among different treatment combinations, C3M2 (poly house + March) had significant influence on tamarind grafts and recorded minimum number of days taken to first sprouting (9.8), highest graft success percentage (90%) at 90 DAG and graft survival Percentage (85%), maximum sprout length (48.90 cm), sprout diameter (0.78 mm), graft height (67.26 cm), graft girth (8.52 mm), number primary branches per graft (7.63), number of leaves (60.06), incremental height (9.30 cm), graft vigour index (6095.56) and net returns (₹1944.86) at 150 DAG
Hydroponics: A Review on Revolutionary Technology for Sustainable Agriculture
No full textIndia's economy heavily relies on agriculture, with the majority of the population depending on it for sustenance and livelihood. However, the rapid development of regions has resulted in severe issues affecting soil quality and cultivation practices. Additionally, factors such as natural disasters, climate change, and excessive use of chemicals have further deteriorated soil fertility. The scarcity of usable water for agriculture exacerbates the problem, leading to reduced food production and widespread hunger and malnutrition. Consequently, there is a critical need to embrace agricultural technologies that can conserve water, enhance food production, and ensure its availability. “Hydroponics” is one such methodology that can be adapted to counter all these problems. Hydroponic cultivation generally yields higher-quality produce with superior taste and nutritional value compared to traditional soil-based farming methods. Hydroponics offers numerous advantages compared to conventional soil-based crop cultivation. These benefits include shorter crop growing cycles, year-round production, reduced susceptibility to diseases and pests, and the elimination of labour-intensive intercultural tasks such as weeding, spraying, and watering. In the future, hydroponics has the potential to emerge as a prominent method for supplying food to the global population
Effects of Different Levels of Potassium and Their Split Applications on Growth and Yield of Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)
No full textThis research aimed to investigate the effects of split applications of potassium (K) fertilizer on the growth and yield characteristics of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.), as previous studies have primarily focused on single basal applications of K, leaving the effectiveness of split applications uncertain. The field experiment was conducted on Loamy sand soil with medium K status, evaluating six levels of K (0, 40, 80, 100, 120, and 150 kg ha-1) applied as full K basal dose, 2 splits, and 3 splits. The experiment followed a two-factorial randomized complete block design with three replications and eighteen treatments. Results showed that the three split applications, with 50% at basal dose, 25% at 25 days after transplanting (DAT), and 25% at 45 DAT, resulted in superior plant height, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield, root length, root fresh weight, and root dry weight. Consequently, it is recommended to employ split applications of K in two or three splits, depending on the initial soil K status and soil type, to enhance growth and maximize yield per unit of nutrient applied
Influence of Biochar and Irrigation Levels on Productivity of Marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) under Sandy Soil Conditions
No full textA field experiment designed as a split-plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted during two summer successive seasons 2021 and 2022 at the Experimental Farm of EL-Quassasin Horticultural Research Station, Ismailia Governorate; Egypt, to investigate the influence of biochar at rates of 0, 2, 4, and 6 tons/fed. at three irrigation levels (1, 1.5, and 2 hours/day) using a drip irrigation system on the growth, essential oil (productivity and constituents), as well as some chemical constituents of marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) plant grown in sandy soil. The obtained results revealed that both irrigation and biochar levels affected all the above-mentioned traits. It was clear that plant growth parameters increased as long as increasing irrigation levels and biochar rate. Considering the interaction, it was clear that generally the highest values in vegetative growth (plant height, number of branches, and herb fresh & dry weights/ plant), essential oil yield/plant, N%, and K% were attained from the treatment of irrigation at 1.5 hours/day combined with biochar at the rate of 6ton/fed. On the other hand, the highest values of essential oil%, essential oil components (p-cymene, trans-Sabinene hydrate, α-terpineol), as well as proline, were recorded in stressed plants (received 1h/ day irrigation and 0 biochar). The existing outcomes show that biochar application might increase water use efficiency and produce a high yield of marjoram. Subsequently, it could be a viable option to alleviate the severity effect of water deficit in marjoram growth, which opens opportunities for cultivating arid regions
Insecticidal effect of Jatropha curcas L. Oil on Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)
No full textThe study was undertaken to contribute to the sustainable management of Spodoptera frugiperda Smith on maize. It aims to evaluate the insecticidal efficacy of Jatropha curcas L. oil on S. frugiperda larvae. Two concentrations of J. curcas oil (10 and 20ml.l-1) were tested by ingestion on the six larval stages of S. frugiperda grouped into (L1-2 (3-5 days of age); L3-4 (6-8 days of age); L5-6 (>10 days of age)). The insecticidal efficacy of the oil was determined in the laboratory and the phytosanitary protection tests on maize were carried out in the field. In the laboratory, the concentration of 10 ml.l-1 with/without emulsifier caused a mortality rate of (87-92%) at stage L1-2, (51-58%) at stage L3-4, and (57- 68%) at L5-6 stage after 72 hours of ingestion. Concentration of 20 ml.l-1 caused over 70% mortality whether applied with or without an emulsifier at all stages. Adult emergence was nil for L1-2 stages at 20 ml.l-1 and <10% for the other stages. Plots subjected to jatropha oil treatments (2l.ha-1 and 4l.ha-1 with or without emulsifier) were less infested like the plots treated with Emamectine benzoate (Emacot) compared to control plots untreated. The present results indicated that jatropha oil has insecticidal potential against S. frugiperda
Effect of Processing on Nutritional Value and Microbial Characteristics of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)
No full textOkra is consumed for its nutrients for healthy growth and development. Quality okra is essential for consumption and maximizing profits for okra producers and marketers. However, okra is perishable and limited in supply during the dry seasons. The stakeholders such as farmers, traders and consumers processed okra fruits to make them available all year round. Therefore, the objective of the study is to explore the effect of processing on nutritional value and microbial characteristics of okra fruits. The study involved both field survey and laboratory work among five okra producing communities within Sunyani Municipality Ghana, namely; Abesim, Atronie, Benu Nkwanta, Ayakomasu and Wawasua. Stratified sampling technique was used to select 50 farmers while purposive sampling technique was used to select 35 traders and 25 consumers, making a total of one hundred and ten respondents. Questionnaires were instruments used for the survey. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments was used and blocked five times to obtain data for laboratory analyses. Results from the study indicated that, variety of okra fruits most cultivated, sold and consumed was Asutem, July to September were identified to be the months of bumper harvest for farmers, declined in prices of okra fruits for traders and low purchasing prices of okra fruits for consumers. The processing methods identified for processing okra fruits were slicing, pounding/ milling and roasting. Nutritional analyses on techniques used for processing okra fruits in the study area, revealed that, fiber, ash and calcium contents (18.47 %, 9.7 % and 0.43 %) were higher in sliced okra fruits and carbohydrate content (48.34 %) was higher in roasted okra fruits. Microbial contamination analyses on techniques used for processing okra fruits, showed that, there were lower (1.24, 0.83, 1.73 and 0.66 log10 CFU/g of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium spp, respectively) in roasted okra fruits
Morphological Characters and Soil Characteristics of Potential Horticultural Plants Growing in the Wild
No full textThis study investigated the variations observed in morphology of four (4) potential horticultural plants: Callichilia stenosepala Stapf, Clerodendrum splendens G. Don, Combretum bracteatum Herb. Madr. ex Wall and Combretum indicum (L.) Defillips and the soil characteristics of their habitats. Plants samples were obtained within University of Uyo Main Campus, Use Offot village in Uyo Local Government Area and Ifiayong Usuk Village in Uruan L.G.A. of Akwa Ibom State. Soil samples were obtained around the base of the studied plants before collection. Plants' morphological characters were extensively described and the soil samples analyzed using standard methods. The results revealed that these plants thrive on slightly acidic soils (6.31±0.07 to 6.75±0.05). Soils supporting Callichila stenosepala recorded the highest electrical conductivity (18.2±4.10), organic carbon (5.28±0.80), total nitrogen (4.86±0.52), calcium (164.00±10.20), magnesium (74.36±6.21) and exchange acidity (2.88±0.07) values, soils supporting Clerodendrum splendens recorded the highest pH (6.75±0.05), bulk density (1.88±0.004), phosphorus (2.08±0.003), sodium (18.40±4.09), potassium (32.18±7.02) and clay (34.00±6.10). Also, Combretum indicum was supported by soils having higher sand (62.00±7.10) and silt (23.00±4.30) contents while Combretum bracteatum occurred on soils with lower values of base cations, basic nutrient elements and soil physical properties. In conclusion, there are plants with potential horticultural values found within the study area and there are significant differences in the soil properties at the locations in which they are found. A better ecological investigation is needed in order to provide useful insights needed for the adoption, management, mass production, and better utilization of these potential horticultural plants within the study area