Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research
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Response of Different Levels of Nitrogen on Growth and Yield of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) Varieties
No full textNitrogen is the major limiting nutrient in commercial cauliflower production. The effects of six nitrogen doses (0, 70, 80, 90, 115, 130 kg N/ha) were evaluated in two cauliflower varieties (Snow Mystique and Khumal Jyapu) at the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Lamjung Campus from September 2018 to January 2019. This experiment was carried out in a two factorial Completely Randomized Design with twelve treatments and five replications. FYM (25 t/ha), full dose of phosphorus (80 kg/ha) and potassium (60 kg/ha), and half dose of nitrogen were applied as a basal dose and the remaining half dose of nitrogen was applied in two equal split doses at 30 DAT and 60 DAT. The application of 130 kg N/ha gave superior results in plant height (26.32 cm), plant spread (4103 cm2), leaf area (264 cm2), stem diameter (1.96 cm), number of leaves (20.70), root length (26.26 cm), girth of curd (49.46cm) and adjusted yield (21.78 ton/ha). Similarly, the performance of the Snow Mystique variety was significantly superior as compared to Khumal Jypau in terms of growth and yield. Therefore, the combination of an optimum level of nitrogen (130 kg N/ha) and hybrid variety (Snow Mystique) could be recommended for the commercial production of cauliflower
Deciphering the Genetic Identity and Fidelity of Banana Genotype Musa acuminata through Molecular Fingerprinting
No full textMicropropagation for extensive production of elite planting materials is an effective and superior alternative to suckers and conventional means of propagation of Musa spp. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the genetic identity of different micropropagated banana genotypes Grand Naine, Shrimantee and Basrai. Further micropropagated banana genotypes Grand Naine comparing with mother plant during different stages of subculture using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR). Moreover, for micropropagation explants (suckers) were inoculated on initiation medium containing MS (Murashige and Skoog) supplemented with 5 mg/l BAP (Benzyl amino purine) and 39 mg/l AdSO4 (Adenine sulphate). The second, third and fourth subcultures were carried out to separate all multiple shoots. Furthermore, for rooting MS media fortified with growth hormones viz., 2 mg/l BAP, 1mg/l IBA (Indole-3-butyric Acid) and 200mg/l activated charcoal were used under present investigation. Findings revealed that 90 % and 75 % plantlets were successfully established during primary hardening in controlled and natural field condition. Further, 26 primers were screened from that 20 primers (ISSR and SSR) showed 146 clear, reproducible and scorable bands ranging from 100-2000 base pairs produced. The banding pattern of these randomly selected plants was monomorphic with mother plant of all selected genotype that confirmed the clonal uniformity
Diallel Analysis of the Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Southern Regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan
No full textDiallel analysis assumes that the genetic interactions contributing to trait variation can be adequately captured by GCA and SCA effects. However, in reality, genetic interactions can be more complex, involving higher-order epistatic interactions, pleiotropy, and other factors that are not accounted for in the traditional diallel analysis, for this purpose, studies were conducted to study the combinatorial ability of wheat varieties widely planted in Uzbekistan.
The mode of inheritance for the 1000- kernel weight, vegetation period, plant height, vitreousity, grain yield, mass of grain in the ear and productive accumulation of 4x4 full diallel crosses of wheat varieties was estimated in F1 generation. The results indicated significant differences between the parents for Generаl Combining Ability and cross for Specific Combining Ability, reciprocal effect for 1000- kernel weight, vegetation period, plant height, vitreousity, grain yield, mass of grain in the ear and productive accumulation. However, analysis of variance of combining capable for grain yield indicated that Generаl Combining Ability and Reciprocal effects were highly importance while Specific Combining Ability. Highly significant Generаl Combining Ability and Specific Combining Ability variances showed the predominance of additive, epistatic and dominant genes in controlling this character.
In the process of hybridization, the application of the original biped gene is important, and for its appearance in the generation, it is necessary to choose a positive line of General Combining Ability. In this way, it will be possible to pre-estimate the characteristics of the future.
A positive and negative heterozygosity for the parent was found for the studied trait, which increased the genetic diversity of the parents
Soybean Diseases and Their Effect on Yield Elements in Southern Regions of Uzbekistan
No full textFusarium (Fusarium L) disease of soybean in the cultivation of soybean grain causes a loss of 30-60% of grain yield and serious damage to the level of protein and fat content of grain. With this in mind, this paper discusses the development, prevalence, yield and 1000-grain weight of soybean fungal diseases and the effectiveness of seed treatments in disease control
Response of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties to Salicylic Acid, Potassium Silicate and Tamarind Extract in Saline Soils of Kano River Irrigation Scheme Nigeria
No full textThe experiment was carried out in the Eastern and Western sectors of Kano River Irrigation Scheme, Kano State latitude 11º 45’N and 12º 05’ N and longitude 8º 45’ E and 9º 05’ E in the Sudan Savanna Agro-ecology of Nigeria, during the dry season of 2020 and 2021. The experiment was therefore conceived with the aim of introducing improved salt tolerant varieties to farmers in addition to enhancing their tolerance using synthetic and natural plant growth regulators. The treatments consisted of four rice varieties made up of 2 salt tolerant accessions {Arica 1 and Arica 2, 1 blast resistant variety (Gawal R1) and a variety (FARO 44) as a check} these were factorially combined with foliar application of salicylic acid (0.2g in 1L of water), potassium silicate (16 g/L-1 of K2SiO3), tamarind extract 8% (320ml of extract in 1 liter of water) and a zero control (0). The treatments were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) which consisted of 16 treatments replicated six times with a farmer constituting a replication. Results have shown that plant height, leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), chlorophyll content and the yield were all significantly affected by varietal differences except total number of tillers per plant in 2020. However, in 2021 LAI, PAR and chlorophyll content were not significantly affected by differences due to varieties but the remaining characters differed significantly. Exogenous factors had no effect on all the characters in 2020 but significantly influenced the chlorophyll content, total number of tillers and the yield in 2021. Arica 1 and Faro 44 gave the highest yield. Among the exogenous factors Tamarind extract had significantly heavier paddy yield than the control but was similar to other exogenous factors in terms of effectiveness. Tamarind extract could therefore be suggested to farmers when growing rice under saline or sodic condition in the irrigation scheme due to its lower cost and availability
Studies on the Growth, Production and Component Contents of Chrysanthemum indicum Using Arduino-controlled Moisture Content Irrigation Systems
No full textThe flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum L., when used as herbal medicines, are said to effectively relieve heat, pain, eye fatigue, and inflammation and be detoxifying. Recent studies have been conducted to control the growth environment of plants with the use of computers, Arduino company producing one such open-source control device. In this study, we evaluated the effect of a traditional ck irrigation system and three soil moisture volume content irrigation controlled by Arduino UNO on flowering, growth, production, and indicators of flower quality of C. indicum grown in pots in a greenhouse. For this study, we aimed to maintain soil moisture volume content to 35%-40%. Irrigation was set to be initiated when soil moisture volume content dropped to 25-30% (Is 30% group), 15-20% (Is 20% group) or 5-10% (Is 10% group). Flowering time was earlier in Is 30% and Is 20% plants than the traditional ck plants, while Is 10% plants did not flower throughout the cultivation period. Both the Is 30% and traditional ck plants produced significantly more total number of flowers and total dry weight of the flowers than Is 20% (Is 10% none). Traditional ck flowers have a significantly higher content of chlorogenic acid, myricetin and quercetin, indicators of quality. The other indicators, luteolin and apigenin were significantly higher than traditional ck and Is 30% plants. This study concluded that the Arduino UNO’s irrigation control system had a better effect on C. indicum growth and component content when irrigation was set Is 30%
Spatial Distribution and Damage Severity of Citrus Leafminer (Phyllocnistis spp. Stainton) in Major Citrus Producing Regions of Tanzania
No full textField survey was conducted to determine the occurrence and damage severity of the citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracilariidae) in major citrus producing regions of Tanzania between December 2011 and September 2012. In total, 14,725 citrus trees and seedlings were assessed to determine the presence or absence of P. citrella as well as its associated damage severity. A total of 10,000 citrus trees (>5 years) were sampled from Morogoro Rural and Muheza Districts, while 4,725 nursery seedlings (<5 years) from Kinondoni District. The damage severity was assessed as described by Horsfall-Barratt scale. Results revealed that leafminers were recorded in nearly all surveyed areas. Kruskal Wallis analysis suggested minimal spatial distribution of the pest incidence among the surveyed locations. Kinondoni district recorded the highest (34.11%) leafminer incidence while Muheza district had the lowest (3.74). However, the damage severity indicated an increasing trend from December 2011 through June 2012 in nursery seedlings at Kinondoni. Weather variables (especially temperature) played an important role to the pest’s development and perpetuation. Further studies need to be conducted to have a wider knowledge of the pest in all the citrus growing regions in the country
Nanotechnology: Cutting-Edge Tool for Increasing Agricultural Production
No full textIndia and many developing countries in Asia and Africa are posed with the challenges of food insecurity and poverty for the next three decades, because of the growing demand for food commodities and depletion of natural resources, and global warming. While efforts are being made to increase agricultural production, serious attempts are needed to increase crop yields and income of small holder farmers, without polluting the environment. Fortunately, the recent introduction of nanotechnology for increasing agricultural production has indicated its potential to increase crop yields, while improving soil productivity and reducing the use of agro chemicals as well as the cost of production. Presently, several macro and micro nutrients sold in India have confirmed the benefits in terms of higher yield and lower cost of production. Nano-carbon is another material having great promise for boosting agricultural production, because of its role as a nutrient, soil stabilizer, effective facilitator for absorption of nutrients and plant protection molecules from the soil, and immunity boosters against biotic and abiotic pressures. Farmers from Gujarat and Maharashtra states who have used this technology for growing cotton, groundnut, paddy, turmeric, sugarcane and a wide range of fruits and vegetables have been successful in significantly increasing their crop production without any chemical residues, while decreasing the cost of production. Nano-carbon-based materials have a promising future in India and other developing countries
First Report of the Crapemyrtle Aphid Tinocallis kahawaluokalani (Hemiptera : Aphididae) and its Relate Natural Enemies in Gabon
No full textA study was carried out among some green spaces in Gabon, mainly in Libreville, Lambarene, Mouila, Franceville and Mitzic, from August 2019 to October 2021. The aim was to assess the presence and impact of the japanese aphid Tinocallis kahawaluokalani Kirkaldy (Hemiptera : Aphididae), and its relate natural enemies, using one time visual observations on Crapemyrtle shrubs. This ornamental plant pest was recorded, occurring on leaves of Lagerstroemia indica (L.) Pers. (Lythraceae). Seven local beneficial insect species were observed predating on this aphid, mainly three hoverflies Ischiodon aegyptius Wiedemann, Paragus borbonicus Macquart, Asarkina sp. (Diptera : Syrphidae), three ladybird species Platynaspis capicola Crotch, Scymnus interruptus Goeze and Chilocorus nigritus Fabricus (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae), and the brown lacewing Micromus sp. (Neuroptera : Hemerobiidae), as natural enemies of T. kahawaluokalani, hilighting a local promizing way for biocontrol of this pest. These findings are a new record for this insect pest from the Gabon and Africa
Effect of Hydrogel and Mulching on Soil Moisture, Yield and Economics on Yellow Passion Fruit in Embu and Kiambu Counties, Kenya
No full textInadequate rainfall is a significant problem hindering the production of most crops in dryland regions. The current study was carried out to assess the effect of selected soil-water conserving interventions on soil moisture, growth, yield, quality, and profitability of yellow passion fruit. The experiment was laid in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) at Kenyatta University (Kiambu County) and Ugweri (Embu County). The treatments were: grass mulch, plastic mulch, hydrogel 10 g per plant (49 g m-2) + plastic mulch, hydrogel 20 g per plant (98 g m-2), hydrogel 10 g per plant + grass mulch, and a control (no hydrogel, no mulch). Results showed significant effects of treatments on soil moisture, growth, and yield of yellow passion fruit at both sites. Hydrogel 10 g per plant + plastic mulch treatment had significantly higher mean soil moisture than other treatments during all the sampling dates. The treatments: hydrogel 10 g per plant + plastic mulch, hydrogel 10 g per plant + grass mulch, and plastic mulch, recorded the highest average vine length. Hydrogel 10 g per plant + plastic mulch treatment had significantly higher yields than other treatments during 46, 48, 50, and 52 weeks after transplanting (WAT) at both sites. Treatments did not significantly affect the total soluble solids (TSS) of fruits. At Ugweri, hydrogel 10 g per plant + plastic mulch and hydrogel 10 g per plant + grass mulch had higher net benefits; 2599.00 USD ha-1 and 2455.10 USD ha-1, respectively. At Kenyatta University, hydrogel 10 g per plant + plastic mulch provided significantly higher net benefit (3390.40 USD ha-1) than other treatments. Based on the results, hydrogel 10 g per plant + plastic mulch and hydrogel 10 g per plant + grass mulch are recommended for yellow passion fruit growers in regions facing water scarcity