Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research
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Effect of Spraying of Beta Carotene on Growth Behaviour and Chemical Constituents of Acalypha wilkesiana Plants
No full textIn July 2020 and 2021, a pot experiment was carried out in a greenhouse of National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt to evaluate the effect of Beta-Carotene (0,150, 200 and 250 ppm) spraying on growth and chemical constituents of Acalypha plants. The present study shows a considerable difference in the growth parameters when treated with Beta- Carotene in two sprays, in four concentrations of (0,150, 200 and 250 ppm) with the control plants. Beta carotene showed unsignificant increase effect for all growth parameters except fresh weight of plant. The highest values for plant height, branches number, stem diameter, fresh and dry weight of plant, were obtained due to the use of beta carotene sprayed (150, 250, 0, 250 and 250 ppm), respectively. Also, the spraying beta carotene increased total chlorophyll, protein, carotenoids, K% and N % by 150 and 200 ppm respectively, while sprayed by beta carotene (250 ppm) gave the highest values of carbohydrate and anthocyanin percentagecompared with the control. The aim of this work is known toeffect of beta carotene on growth and chemical compounds in this plant
Mushroom Cultivation for Increasing Income and Sustainable Development of Small and Marginal Farmers
No full textA mushroom is the fleshy and spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus and belongs to the class Basidiomycetes. Mushroom cultivation is a low-cost, high-return activity that has proven to be an additional source of income. Because the vegetarian population in our country's urban centers has adopted mushrooms in their diet due to their nutritious worth, mushroom producers in nearby rural areas have an excellent market for selling their products quickly and at a reasonable price. As a result, the mushroom benefits both producers and consumers, earning it the title of super food. Mushroom production can also be used to empower rural people, offer additional income for agricultural families, and address the issue of rural people's nutritional needs. Rural unemployed people are the most productive workforce in the economy, necessitating efforts to enhance and strengthen their socioeconomic condition. Mushroom farming all year can produce revenue from the sale of spawns as well as the sale of fresh mushrooms in a sustainable manner by using farm by-products as a raw material
Tomato Cultivation and Farmers’ Knowledge on Selected Foliar Fungal Diseases in Agro- Ecological Zones of Kirinyaga County, Kenya
No full textDiseases are hindrance to tomato production in Kirinyaga County, Kenya. However, information on farmer’s knowledge about tomato diseases to warrant pesticide usage is scanty. Further, there is information gap on disease predisposing factor such as varietal choice and seed source. This study assessed the tomato farmers’ socio characteristic, varieties grown, seed source and knowledge of selected foliar fungal disease among tomato farmers in agro-ecological zones (AEZs) of Kirinyaga County. A cross sectional survey design that in cooperated purposive sampling and snowballing approaches was adopted in the study. Data were collected from 120 tomato farmers using structured questionnaires. A chi square (Ӽ2) test was used to examine the association between different variables at α= 0.05 using SAS version 9.4. No significant association (p > 0.05) was observed between gender of farmers and AEZ. Nonetheless, there were more men (83.33%) than women (16.67%). Terminator F1 variety was popular among farmers (25%). No significance (p > 0.05) association was observed between source of tomato planting material and AEZs. However, Agrovet was a popular seed source among farmers (40%). The reasons for choosing a particular tomato variety was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the AEZ with 40.83% of farmers preferring tomato varieties with good marketability traits such as fruit size. Farmers’ knowledge of causative agent of early blight, late blight and Septoria leaf spot was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with AEZs. The source of farmer’s knowledge on tomato foliar fungal diseases was not significantly (p > 0.05) associated with AEZ. However, farming experiences was a popular source of knowledge (51.67%) among farmers. Inability of some farmers to identify tomato diseases negates the efforts on disease management in tomato production in Kirinyaga County. Therefore, measures such as coordinated education on tomato diseases is necessary to empower farmers on disease causes and identification to enhance disease management and improve tomato yields in Kirinyaga County in Kenya
Assessment of Germination Percentage and Seedling Vigour in Selected Maize Genotypes in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria
No full textAssessment of seedling vigour in six selected maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes was evaluated in the screen house of the Department of Crop Production and Protection, at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University Wukari, Taraba State during the 2020 and 2021 cropping seasons. The experiment was laid out in a complete randomized design (CRD) and replicated thrice. Seed vigour indicators were number of sprouting, mean emergence time, germination percentage, seedling fresh weight (g), seedling dry weight (g), seedling root length (cm), seedling vigour index I and seedling vigour index II. The seed matrices measured were hundred seed weight (g), seed width (mm), seed length and seed thickness (mm). From the results obtained, the strong, positive and significant (1.00) relationship between the 100 seed weight and seedling germination percentage indicated that, maize germination is mostly determined by its size. Further, the most effective high vigour indicators are root length, seedling length, germination percentage, mean emergence time and number of sprouting at 4 days. However, M1155 recorded the highest seedling (72.33), with the highest corresponding germination percentage of 98%
Combining Ability, Heritability and Genetic Variance in Tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum) Genotypes
No full textA study was conducted to determine gene actions controlling yield and other qualitative traits of tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum) as well as combining ability among selected genotypes at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso during the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons. Five tomato genotypes and ten offspring (F1), obtained from a 5×5 diallel crosses were sown in plots, arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design, with three replicates. Data were collected on plant height (PH), number of cluster per plant, days to 50% flowering (50%FL), individual fruit weight (IFW), number of fruits per plant (NFPP), pericarp thickness (PT), number of lobe (NOL), number of seeds per fruit (NSPF), fruit lycopene (LYCOP), ascorbic acid content (ASCO) and fruit yield (YH). Data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (P=0.05). Also, diallel analysis was carried out to determine the General and Specific combining abilities (GCA and SCA) of the parents and hybrids respectively, following the Griffing (1956) Method II for partial diallel analysis. Results obtained showed significant differences among the genotypes, for all the characters measured. Also, non-additive and additive gene actions were responsible for the genetic control of the traits. The ratio of GCA and SCA were < 1 for Plant height, CPPL, 50%FL, IFW, NFPP, PT, NOL, NSPF, LYCOP, ASCO and YH thus revealing the preponderance of non-additive gene action. GCA analysis suggested that parents Uc-op and Ibadan-local were the best general combiners while, SCA performance suggested that FDT4 X FDT2 was the best specific combiner. Broad sense heritability for NOL, NSPF, LYCOP, and ASCO were above 90%, indicating that they were highly heritable while narrow sense heritability of NOL was very high (55% and 83% respectively), PH, NSPF, NFPPL and LYCOP were moderate ranging between 20% and 38%. It is concluded that high yielding tomato hybrids, best combiners and a guide line for the assessment of relative parents breeding potential of the parents could be established following diallel technique
Socio, Economic and Cultural Importance of Betel Vine (Piper betle L.) Cultivation: Its Present Status and Future Perspectives
No full textThe present study aims to investigate the Socio, Economic and Cultural importance of Betel Vine Cultivation. Betel vine is the most important and useful asexually propagated cash crop having various cultivars. The betel leaf has many chemical constituents that have many important industrial applications. The leaves are found to contain a terpinene, P-cymene, carvacrol, chavicol and its derivatives, allyl catechol, eugenol, estragole, oxalic acid, malic acid and amino acids. The economic status of betel leaves in the worldwide market depends on the physical nature of the end products. Betel leaf and its products in different forms such as powder, liquid, capsules, etc., are highly remarkable due to its various medicinal applications. The properties like antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, antidiabetic, anticancer activity, etc. justify its bioprospecting for future green medicine
Constraints in Cultivation of Medicinal Plants in Nagaur District of Rajasthan
No full textThe practice of growing herbs is a very ancient trend, and several studies have been conducted and are still being conducted in this field. It is terrible that we do not seem embarrassed to admit this, even when we are just beginning this practise. It is true that there has never been a complete standardisation of this agricultural certification. Herbs are a good option during this transitional time. It is imperative that you proceed with extreme caution if you plan to engage in agriculture. The present study deals with the problems and prospects in cultivation of Medicinal Plants. The study was conducted in Nagaur district of Rajasthan. A sample study of 11 villages out of ten tehsils of Nagaur district has been done. By selecting 11 sample villages from different tehsils of Nagaur district as primary sources, an attempt has been made to collect data and information and analyse various aspects of problems related to the cultivation of medicinal plants in the area. In the past years, the surprising changes in the general cropping pattern and the facts related to it have been studied and various dimensions of cultivation of medicinal plants have been studied considering tehsil wise level as the regional base unit. The problem of saline water, lack of surface water resources and problems in propagation of medicinal plants are the major problems faced by the farmers in the study area
Effect of Soil Organic Ameliorants with Carbonized Rice Hull on the Growth and Yield of Shallot Onion (Allium ascalonicum L) on Salt Affected Soil
No full textA pot experiment was conducted to test the potential of different soil organic ameliorants in salt affected soils reclamation; to test the effect of soil organic ameliorants on the growth and yield of shallot onion (Allium ascalonicum L.) planted in salt affected soil; determine the most effective soil organic ameliorants on salt affected soil Treatments prepared were; T1- Control Salt affected soil (1.57 kg/pot-1), T2- Vermi-cast (197.40 g/pot-1) with CRH (30 grams/pot-1),T3- Guano dung (39.40 g pot-1 with CRH (30 grams/pot-1), T4- Dried Goat Manure (115.40 g/pot-1) with CRH (30 grams/pot-1), T5- Dried Chicken Dung (94.94 g pot-1) with CRH (30 grams/pot-1), T6- Dried Cattle Manure (214.30 g/pot-1) with CRH (30 grams/pot-1). The study was laid out using Randomized complete block design with treatments and three replications. All organic ameliorants applied to the salt affected soil significantly improved on average bulb diameter, average height, average number of leaves, average bulb fresh weight, average number of tillers and average yield per hectare. It can be concluded that application of organic ameliorants is effective means to address the problem in saline affected soils
Influence of Some Solvents on the Extraction of Major Phenolic Compounds and their Antioxidant Activities in Egyptian Garlic (Allium sativum L.)
No full textGarlic Allium sativum L. belongs to the family Alliaceae. Garlic has many nutritional and medicinal uses. There are several solvents for extraction of bio actives i.e. Acetone, Ethanol...etc. The present study is aimed to compare the four solvents (acetone, ethanol, hexane and methanol) to extract the phenolics from local garlic varieties (Sids 40 and Sids 50) and its effect on antioxidants. The results showed the distinction of methanol over the rest of the other used solvents. It was found that they gave the highest content of total phenols estimated at 402.64 and 383.90 for both varieties, Sids 40 and Sids 50 respectively. The methanol as extraction solvent has more potential to recover a higher amount of Gallic acid, Syringic acid derivatives, (+)-Catechin, p-Coumaric acid, p-Hydroxy-benzoic acid and Epicatechin content from garlic powder for both varieties. In general, garlic variety (Sids 40) was distinguished by its content of phenols compared to garlic variety (Sids 50). The highest radical scavenging activity was observed for the extract from methanol garlic extraction, i.e. 4.81 and 4.71 for DPPH and 0.52 and 0.51 for ABTS+ (Sids 40 and Sids 50 respectively)
Assessment of High-yielding Rapeseed-mustard Varieties in Haor (Wetland) Ecosystem for Development of Mustard-Boro Rice-Fallow Pattern in Sylhet Region of Bangladesh
No full textAims: To assess the suitability of short duration high yielding rapeseed-mustard variety(s) cultivation in the haor (wetland) areas.
Study Design: Randomized complete block (RCB).
Place and Duration of Study: Farmers’ field of Lalakhal, Jaintapur Upazila of Sylhet, Bangladesh during November 2014 to February 2015.
Methodology: The treatments included in the experiment were seven rapeseed-mustard varieties viz. i. Tori-7, ii. BARI sarisha-13, iii. BARI sarisha-14, iv. BARI sarisha-15, v. BARI sarisha-16, vi. advanced line Nap-205 and vii. BINA sarisha-4. Design of the experiment was randomized complete block (RCB) with three replications.
Results: The results revealed that BARI sarisha-16 produced the highest seed yield (1.99 t ha-1), but it took the maximum days (92) to maturity. The variety BARI sarisha-15 produced the second highest seed yield (1.78 t ha-1) closely followed by BINA sarisha-4 (1.75 t ha-1) and BARI sarisha-13 (1.68 t ha-1). The lowest seed yield (1.53 t ha-1) was obtained from the variety Tori-7 which was statistically similar to that of BARI sarisha-14 (1.59 t ha-1) and Nap-205 (1.68 t ha-1). Tori-7 took the minimum days (74.7) to maturity while BARI sarisha-15 took 77.7 days.
Conclusion: Variety BARI sarisha-15 could be a good option for haor areas for cultivation in medium low land before Boro rice after recession of rainwater, as it took less duration to maturity (77.7 days) with good seed yield (1.78 t ha-1)