Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research
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Effect of Different Doses and Sources of Nitrogen on Postharvest Quality of Cauliflower
No full textIn Nepal, there is lacking of proper nitrogen management regarding postharvest quality of cauliflower in the Terai region of Nepal. In order to address these problems, a field experiment was conducted in a split-plot design to determine the appropriate dose of nitrogen and combined effect of urea and poultry manure for better postharvest quality of cauliflower in Rampur, Chitwan. The study was carried out in nine treatment combinations from two different factors, with four replications in a late season variety, Bishop from November 2017 to March 2018. The plots consisted of three treatments of 260, 200, and 140 kg N/ha, while the sub-plots were 100 % N from urea; 50% N from urea and 50% N from poultry manure; and 100% N from poultry manure. Significantly higher vitamin C content of 52.4 mg/100 g was found in 140 kg N/ha than other treatments. Similarly, higher TSS content of 6.3°Brix was found in 260 kg N/ha. More compact and acceptable curds were produced in 260 kg N/ha. Similarly, higher vitamin C content of 52.0 mg/100 g and higher TSS content of 6.0°Brix was produced by 50% N from urea plus 50% N from poultry manure. Significantly more tastier and compact curds were produced by 100% N from poultry manure along with 50% N from urea and 50% N from poultry manure. Higher physiological weight (30.3%) was found in 260 kg N/ha while lower physiological weight loss (24.4%) was found in 50% N from urea and 50% N from poultry manure. From this study, it was concluded that 200 kg nitrogen combination with poultry manure instead of inorganic fertilizer can improve the postharvest quality of cauliflower in Terai region of Nepal
Distribution of Bacterial Disease in the Main Mango Production Areas of Côte d'Ivoire
No full textBacterial disease is a major biotic constraints of mango production in Côte d'Ivoire. The objective of this study is to assess the distribution of mango bacteriosis disease in mango production areas in northern Côte d'Ivoire. This study focused on 720 mango trees, of the Kent variety, spread over 20 orchards. These orchards are located in the Bagoué, Tchologo and Poro regions in northern Côte d'Ivoire. The study consisted of determining the incidence and severity of bacterial disease on the leaves and fruits of mango trees. Data on the incidence and severity index of bacterial disease on leaves and fruits were subjected to descriptive analysis followed by PCA. Then, the ascending hierarchical classification (CAH) and multivariate analysis completed the data analysis. The results obtained did not reveal any dissimilarity of the presence of the bacterial disease in the three (3) regions studied. On the other hand, a predominance of the severe or major type of bacterial disease over the level of slight or marginal contamination has been demonstrated. None of the three main regions (Poro, Tchologo and Bagoué) of mango production in Côte d'Ivoire appears to be the center of bacterial disease dispersion at the current stage of bacterial disease progression. The level of incidence and severity of this disease is similar between fruits and leaves. The Principal Component Analysis and the Ascending Hierachical Classification completed by the MANOVA made it possible to structure the mango orchards into three (3) homogeneous groups. Group 2 orchards (VB4, VB8, VB7 and VF2) presented a moderate level of incidence and severity on leaves and fruits
Determinants of Coffee Marketing among Smallholder Coffee Farmers in Kogi State, Nigeria
No full textThe study assessed the determinants of coffee production and marketing on farmers’ farms in Kogi State. Two Local Government Areas (Ijumu and Kabba-Bunu Local Government Areas) were purposively sampled. These areas are known for the production and marketing of coffee. A total sample of eighty-four respondents was randomly selected from the two Local Government Areas. Structured interview schedules were used for data collection from respondents. The data collected were analyzed using inferential statistics analysis. Cobb-Douglas functional form regression model was chosen based on the value of the R2 and the number of significant variables. The result indicated that marital status, household size, educational level, variety of coffee planted, farm size and farming experience constituted the major factors that significantly determined coffee production and marketing in the study area. The study recommended that policies should be targeted at encouraging literacy among coffee farmers to have access to market information and as such will be able to sell the crop for more profits. Also, households with higher number of persons should be encouraged to use family labour effectively in coffee marketing than other economic ventures so as to improve the economy of the households in the study area
Effect of Organic Fertilizer on Tomato Growth and Production under Soil-less System
No full textSoil-less system constitutes an efficient approach for the cultivation of tomato; however, organic liquid amendments are very limited under such systems. The current experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of Kurojiru (K), an organic liquid fertilizer and fulvic acid (FA) on the growth and production of tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. ‘Momotaro’. Recently, it is desirable to reduce the environmental impact and fertilizer cost by lowering the concentration of inorganic components in the culture medium. Therefore, we explored the effect of adding these organic fertilizers on the yield and quality of tomatoes by gradually reducing the phosphoric acid concentration in the culture medium (87, 58 and 29 mmol・pot-1・week-1). The whole experiment was conducted for 20 weeks (from seeding until harvesting). The plant biomass, tomato fruit weight and chlorophyll content were measured. The fresh weight (FW) of both root and shoot indicated a progress response according to phosphorus concentration in liquid media, in FA treatments. Total fresh weight was significantly higher in the treatment with K+FA than in the control. Additionally, the yield responded to the all treatments within the 58 mmol P. Especially, in this level of P the relative fruit weight was higher only under K application. The chlorophyll content responded K+FA treatment under a low P content (29 mmol), and to all of those in 58 mmol. These results indicate that Kurojiru has some positive effects on tomato growth in soil-less systems
Agronomic Performance and Organoleptic Characteristics of Local Varieties of Sweet Potato (Ipomea batatas) Cultivated in Mbaiki (Central African Republic)
No full textIn the Central African Republic, there are a multitude of local varieties of sweet potato. However, few studies have been carried their agro morphological and organoleptic characteristics. A Fisher random block device was set up on the three local varieties of sweet potato. The growing and production parameters were evaluated as well as the organoleptic characteristics through the food taste test. The parameters of growing and production were assessed by means of analysis of variance (ANOVA) with one classification criterion using the R software version 3.1.3. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was also performed with the growth and yield parameters in order to highlight the correlations between these different parameters. The variety 1 (V1) produced the plants with the largest diameters (1.30 cm), while the smallest diameters was observed in the variety 2 (V2) with 0.55 cm. There is a significant difference (P-value = 0.0001) between the different varieties according to the ANOVA test. According to the length of the tuber, the V2 produced the longest tuberous root than the others with an average of 28.53 cm. The smallest length is observed in the V3 with an average of 25.12 cm. There is not significant (p-value = 0.216) in relation with the length of the tuber for the cultivated varieties of the sweet potato. The eigenvalues of the two main axes extracted from the Principal Component Analysis explained 53.68% and 16.82% of the matrix growth/ yield information. Along the factor axes, apart from parameters such as tuber diameters and length which are not positively correlated, there is little variability between the other parameters which are strongly correlated
State of Knowledge and Phytochemical Analysis of Chilli Fruits (Capsicum annuum l.), "Ahalimancou" Type Consumed in the Indénié-Juablin Region (East of Côte D'ivoire)
No full textThe ethnobotanical study carried out on the fruits of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.), type "Ahalimancou" in the localities of Aniassué, Affalikro, Sankadiokro and the town of Abengourou located in the east of the Côte d’Ivoire had for main objective to assess the levels of knowledge, the mode of use of this pepper by the local populations, as well as the phytochemical analysis of said chilli. Discussion groups and semi-structured individual interviews were carried out in 4 localities to collect information from 650 inhabitants, including 511 women and 139 men. The results showed that the variables gender, age group, ethnicity and level of education significantly influence (p≤0.05) the levels of knowledge and the mode of use, except the independence between the locality, the level of knowledge and mode of use. In addition, women know more about this type of pepper (80.82%) and use it much more in food (99.41%), as well as in the treatment of diseases (95.69%). People aged 60 and over have higher use levels (81.30%) in therapeutic use. The study also revealed that the Agni ethnic group is distinguished from other ethnic groups (Baoulé, Malinké, Attié) by a greater level of knowledge and use in pathology. Depending on the level of education, it appears that people without education know better (71.63%) and use this type of pepper more in the treatment of pathologies (85.39%). In addition, the study showed that the fresh form remains the only form used. With the exception of quinones, phytochemical analysis revealed that this type of pepper contains several pharmacological components depending on the stages of ripeness. Orange and red fruits had a higher content of alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids. The green and yellow fruits were highly rich in sterols and polyterpenes. Catechetical tannins were only present in green fruits. The data from our study could strengthen clinical research on the nutritional and pharmacological properties of this type of “Ahalimancou” chilli
Leaf Nutrient Concentrations and Dry Biomass of Fig Plants as Modified by the Application of NPK: A Preliminary Study
No full textAims: The effect of a complete NPK matrix on leaf nutrient concentrations and dry biomass of ‘Black Mission’ fig plant organs was tested under an intensive culture system and protected environment.
Study Design: A randomized complete block design with four blocks was employed.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted from April to November 2016 at the Campo Experimental La Laguna, located in Matamoros, Coahuila, Mexico. This research station belongs to the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP) of Mexico. The experiment was set up under a macro tunnel equipped with a shade mesh with 50% sunlight attenuation.
Methodology: Two-year-old fig plants (cv. ‘Black Mission’) previously propagated from stem cuttings were used. There were three application rates each for N (0, 80, and 160 kg ha-1), P (0, 40 and 80 kg ha-1), and K (0, 80, and 160 kg ha-1) arranged in a balanced factorial matrix of 27 treatments. After harvest, leaf samples were collected to determine nutrient concentrations and they were split into roots, shoots, leaves, and fruit
Results: The greatest total dry biomass was produced by the interaction of 80 kg ha-1 N and 40 kg ha-1 P and yielded the following leaf nutrient concentrations (mean ± SD): N 2.9 ± 0.3%, P 0.11 ± 0.01%, K 2.1 ± 0.4%, Ca 1.4 ± 0.7%, Mg 0.34 ± 0.03%, Fe 166.4 ± 49.5 mg kg-1, Cu 6.3 ± 1.7 mg kg-1, Mn 83.3 ± 20.9 mg kg-1, and Zn 22. 6 ± 3.8 mg kg-1. Application of 80 kg ha-1 N and 40 kg ha-1 P could be suggested for commercial fig production.
Conclusion: Application of 80 kg ha-1 N and 40 kg ha-1 P could be tested under similar commercial production systems; however, the addition of supplemental K deserves further study
Pomegranate (Punica granata L.) Inner Decay Caused by Gluconobacter oxydans Bacterium
No full textDuring the autumn of 2018, inner fruit decay symptoms were observed in pomegranate fruits collected from markets in different localities and farms from Giza, Minia and Assuit Governorates, Egypt. Similar symptoms were observed in each location. The symptoms appeared as creamy bright growth of bacteria in the mesocarp layer, decayed both arils and seeds. Bacteria were isolated from these decayed fruits. The pathogenicity test for isolated bacteria was done. Also, the expressed symptom was compared with the original observed symptoms as followed in Koch postulates. Based on morphological characteristics, analysis of 16S rDNA Genes sequences, and pathogenicity test on pomegranate fruits, the causal agent was identified as Gluconobacter oxydans. Possible control attempts were implemented included applying of essential oils. The results revealed that essential oils of Marjoram, followed by Chamomile expressed the most effective against infection with the bacterium when compared with the control
Preparation and Quality Evaluation of Iron Binding Protein Augumented Dhokla Using Spirulina and Other Natural Ingredients
No full textSpirulina is a nature’s present as extremely good meals to mankind. It is a photosynthetic filamentous microalga which has emerged as a amazing meals complement because of its wealthy micro- and macronutrient contents. The frame of Spirulina is smooth and with vulnerable mobileular wall that makes it effortlessly digestible. It is a precious supply of proteins, vitamins, minerals, β-carotene, fatty acids, etc. which makes it best as meals and fodder. NASA has said that the dietary cost of one thousand kg of fruits and veggies equals to at least one kg of Spirulina. In 1992 WHO has declared Spirulina as “Best meals for future” to redress malnutrition specifically in children. Apart from being a meals complement, Spirulina has won sizeable reputation and paramount significance because of the presence of sure pigments and secondary metabolites. It suggests pharmacognosic homes like immuno-protective, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiviral, anti-obesity, etc. it's far the maximum nutritionally concentrated compact entire meals recognized which owe a capacity to significantly lower the probabilities of growing cancer, coronary heart disease, or stroke or of contracting a lifethreatening virus along with HIV and save you eyes from cataract formation. In the present study, spirulina enriched food dhokla (SBDF) was developed. SBDF accept overall acceptability by panelist such as color and appearance, aroma/odour, flavor and taste, body and texture. SBDF showed good amount of protein (10.48%), and iron (30.48%) as compared to control. Afterward, the developed SDFB exhibited good amount of antioxidants content (38.62%) and moisture conent (14.56%), respectively. SBDF can be most attractive and nutritious food for every people due to rich source of protein and iron. This novel food can solve diseases/problems related with protein and iron deficiency
Weed Control in Tomato through Mulching Approaches
No full textThe objective of this study is to evaluate effect of different types of mulches on weed control and yield of tomato in the farm of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation Department were conducted in the year 2019. The method for study is completely randomized block design with three replications and four treatments such as transparent plastic, black plastic, barley straw and control (without mulch). According to the study, the control treatment, black plastic mulches were a significant effect on the number of weeds and yield of tomatoes. The maximum yields were 48.05 (ton/ha) in black plastic and the minimum yields were 19 (ton/ha) in control mulch. The present work suggests that the application of different types of mulches can be an effective method to reduce the number of weeds in a tomato farm. The black plastic mulch is recommended due to increase in the yield of tomato and also an effective practice on controlling the weeds