Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research
Not a member yet
357 research outputs found
Sort by
Evolution of Mechanized Agriculture in China: A Comprehensive Analysis
No full textThe use of mechanized agriculture has rapidly increased in China in recent years, driven by the government's policies aimed at modernizing the agriculture sector and addressing labour shortages. This paper provides a comprehensive literature review of the state of mechanized agriculture in China, including its historical development, current status, challenges, advantages, and disadvantages. The review highlights the benefits of mechanized agriculture in terms of productivity, efficiency, and the reduction of labour costs, as well as it is potential to improve the standard of living in rural areas. However, there are also concerns about the high cost of equipment, the lack of skilled operators, and the environmental impact of mechanized agriculture. The review also includes international comparisons and best practices, which can provide insights for promoting sustainable mechanized agriculture in China. Based on the literature review, the paper discusses the implications of mechanized agriculture for the future of China's agricultural sector, including policy recommendations and potential areas for future research. Overall, this paper provides a valuable contribution to the understanding of the state of mechanized agriculture in China and its potential to shape the country's agriculture sector in the years to come
Nuclear Technology in Horticulture: Boosting Productivity, Controlling Pests, Conserving Water
No full textHorticulture faces significant challenges due to the destruction of crops by pests and diseases, both before and after harvesting, resulting in a significant reduction in crop production. Nuclear technology has emerged as a valuable tool for enhancing agricultural productivity. Despite the common association of nuclear technology with energy and weaponry, its use in Horticulture is diverse and multifaceted. Physical mutagens such as nuclear radiation, including gamma rays, X-rays, and UV light, as well as particle radiation, can be employed to induce chromosomal breakages, cross-linking of DNA strands, nucleotide deletion, and substitution. UV rays can be used to irradiate cell suspensions and pollen grains in the early or late uninucleate phases. Through the application of nuclear technology, agricultural productivity can be improved by increasing crop yields, controlling pests and diseases, and enhancing water quality. Food preservation can also be achieved through food irradiation, where ionizing radiation is applied to target pathogens to break their DNA bonds. Nuclear technology can also be utilized to induce beneficial mutations in crops through genetic modification, sterilization-based pest control, and water usage management. In conclusion, nuclear technology presents an innovative and effective solution for addressing challenges in Horticulture, thus contributing significantly to global food security
Response of Flavonoids Production to Some Elicitors in Callus and Cell Suspension Culture of Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.)
No full textAims: This study was conducted to investigate how to maximize the production of flavonoids from ginkgo leaves callus or cell suspension cultures.
Study Design: The experiment was implemented in a completely randomized design with 3 replicates.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Research Laboratory of Tissue Culture and Preservation of Germplasm, Horticulture Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Egypt from 2020 to 2022.
Methodology: Adenine sulfate and pyruvic acid were added at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mg/l, for each. Cadmium and lead acetate were added (2 and 4 mg/l for each) to the cell suspension. Jasmonic acid (15, 50, and 100 µM), AgNO3 (25, 50, and 75 µM) and tryptophan (50, 100, and 200 mg/l) were used in the hard callus culture.
Results: Results indicated that the maximum cell suspension fresh weight (6.50 g) was obtained from (0.5 g) cell suspension grown on MS medium supplemented with adenine 0.2 mg/l while lead acetate at 2.0 mg/l increased dry weight (0.89g) after the second subculture. The maximum packed cell volume (PCV) (24.33%) was obtained from lead acetate at 2.0 mg/l in the second cycle of growth. The best flavonoid production (91.29 mg/100 g DW) was produced in the second cycle of growth from callus treated with AgNO3 at 25 µM. Treating Ginkgo biloba callus cultured with jasmonic acid at 100 µM increased the inhibition of AChE in the serum of AD patients from 235.2 U/l (untreated serum) to 76.08 U/l at 38.71 ug/ml compared with the Ginkgo biloba ® at 260 mg which inhibit the activity from 235.2 U/l to 55.73 U/l at 26.00 ug/ml at amount 25.00 ul for all.
Conclusion: Ginkgo biloba is a valuable source of anticholinesterase agents and could be used in pharmaceutical preparations by using callus culture technique treated with jasmonic acid and AgNO3
Consumers’ Preference and Attitude Towards Dried Corchorus olitorius L. in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria
No full textAims: To examine consumers’ preference and attitude towards dried Corchorus olitorius L. leaves in Ibadan metropolis, Oyo state.
Study Design: Cross-sectional survey
Place and Duration of Study: Ibadan North-West, Ido and Akinyele LGAs in Ibadan metropolis, Oyo state, Nigeria, between March 2023 and August 2023.
Methodology: A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 170 consumers selected through a two-stage random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and probit regression analysis were used for data analysis.
Results: Most respondents were females (72.9%), married (51.8%), within the age range of 26-35 years (39.4%), had 1-5 household members (72.9%) and tertiary education (77.6%). 63.5% were aware of dried C. olitorius L., but 60% had not consumed it before, mainly due to unavailability. 20.6% preferred dried leaves. Packaging, aroma, colour and texture were key attributes considered for purchase. Sex, household size and income significantly influenced preference.
Conclusion: There is low preference for dried C. olitorius L in the study area. Creating awareness and appropriate marketing is needed to improve attitude and demand. Suitable packaging should also be developed to retain product quality attributes
Exploring Alternative Products for Tomato Septoria lycopersici Control
No full textThe septoriose (Septoria lycopersici) is an important disease in tomato production and can lead to significant losses. Although there are active ingredients registered for the control of this disease, there is little study about products with alternatives for the control of the fungus S. lycopersici. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the effect of alternative products in controlling the septoriose. The rationale for the study was to find efficient products that are less harmful to the environment. The study was conducted at the experimental station of EPAGRI in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Twelve products were tested to control Septoria: Bacillus subtilis QST 713 (274 mg/L a.i.), Bacillus subtilis QST 713 autoclaved (274 mg/L a.i.), lime sulfur (10,000 mg/L c.p.), benzalkonium chloride (250 mg/L a.i.), mixed mineral fertilizer ( 2,000 mg/L c.p.), sodium hypochlorite (320 mg/L a.i.), peracetic acid (5,440 mg/L a.i.), Bordeaux mixture (3,000 mg/L c.p.), Viçosa mixture (3,000 mg/L c.p.), Trichoderma harzianum Rifai ESALQ-1306 (600 mg/L a.i.), acibenzolar-S-methyl (25 mg/L a.i.), potassium phosphite (2,000 mg/L a.i. with 1,340 mg/L phosphorous acid) and biostimulant (200 mg/L c.p.). The doses used were based on label, previous tests in vitro and in phytotoxicity events in tomato plants. In the in vitro experiments, the products that were not able to promote the formation of an inhibition halo were: biostimulant, potassium phosphite, acibenzolar-S-methyl, Trichoderma harzianum, Viçosa mixture and Bordeaux mixture. The products B. subtilis, lime sulfur, benzalkonium chloride, mixed mineral fertilizer, peracetic acid, sodium hypochlorite and autoclaved B. subtilis were able to inhibit fungal growth in vitro, forming a halo of inhibition. The chemical fungicides mancozeb + pyraclostrobin + fluxapyroxad were used as a positive control. In vivo, the positive control was able to control 100% of the incidence and severity of Septoria and no symptoms were observed in the plants. For incidence, the products that controlled at least 80% of the disease were lime sulfur and mixed mineral fertilizer. When considering the disease severity, the products that controlled at least 80% of the disease were: lime sulfur, mixed mineral fertilizer, Bacillus subtilis QST713 and benzalkonium chloride. The products Bordeaux mixture, Viçosa mixture, sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid caused phytotoxicity when applied to tomato plants. Although lime sulfur has shown promise, its successive application can lead to a decrease in the photosynthetic rate
Effect of Fertilizer Doses on Turmeric at Madhupur Tract under AEZ-28
No full textA field experiment was conducted at MLT site, Madhupur (AEZ-28), Tangail during 2020-21 and 2021-22 to find out an optimum fertilizer dose of turmeric in Madhupur tract and increase productivity and economic return of the farmers. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with five compact replications. The tested six treatment combinations were as T1: STB as per FRG’ 2018 (116-27-77-8-1.5-1.2 kg NPKSZnB ha-1 ), T2 : T1 + 20% extra NK (139-27-92-8-1.5-1.2 kg NPKSZnB ha-1), T3 :T1 + 20% extra NKS (139-27-92-9.6-1.5-1.2 kg NPKSZnB ha-1), T4 :T1 + 20% extra NKSZn (139-27-92-8-1.8-1.2 kg NPKSZnB ha-1), T5 : IPNS basis fertilizer with 5 t ha-1 cow dung (91-20-66-8-1.5-1.2 kg NPKSZnB ha-1) and T6 : Farmers’ practice (115-50-125 kg NPK ha-1). BARI Halud-5 was used as test crop in this experiment. The unit plot size was 8m × 5m and spacing was maintained as 50 cm apart rows with plant to plant 25 cm. Seeds (rhizome) were planted @ 2000 kg ha-1 during 14-20 April, 2020 and 10-15 April 2021. The treatments showed significant differences in terms of yield and yield contributing characters. The highest fresh rhizome yield (17.13 t ha-1) was recorded from IPNS basis fertilizer with 5 t ha-1 cow dung i.e. (91-20-66-8-1.5-1.2 kg NPKSZnB ha-1) treatment combination. The highest gross return (Tk.256950 ha-1) and gross margin (Tk.136740 ha-1) were recorded from the (T5) same treatment The marginal benefit cost ratio (3.79) was also highest in IPNS basis fertilizer with 5 t ha-1 cow dung i.e. (91-20-66-8-1.5-1.2 kg NPKSZnB ha-1) which further indicated the superiority among the treatments
The Effect of Different Pre Sowing Treatments of Cow Urine, Soaking Duration, PGPR Applications and their Combinations on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth Parameters of Custard Apple (Annona Squamosa L.)
No full textThe study was conducted to evaluate “the effect of different pre sowing treatments of cow urine (20%,40%,60%,80%), soaking duration (24 hr, 48, 72 hr), PGPR (Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria) viz 0%,3%,6% applications and their combinations on seed germination and seedling growth parameters of Custard apple (Annona Squamosa L.)”.The experiment was carried out during the year 2018-2019 at vegetable research farm Maharajpur, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) with Asymmetrical Factorial Randomized block design with three replications and single seed treatment in net house condition. Germination parameters, vegetative growth parameters, physiological parameters, seedling vigour index were measured as per the standard procedures. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis in OPSTAT software. Cow urine, soaking duration and PGPR Media was found significant effect on days taken to start germination, days taken to 50% germination and germination percentage at 30 and 60 DAS. Maximum germination was recorded by the seeds treated with cow urine 20% for 24 hrs at 20 DAS, and 50 % germination at 35 DAS. The maximum shoot length, number of leaves, stem girth, LAD, LTR, Root length, Fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, seedling vigour index I and II, survival of seedlings were also observed in the seeds treated with cow urine 20% for 24 hrs. From this research, it was concluded that the treatment 20% cow urine for 24hrs soaking can be recommended for custard apple grown farmers to ensure sustainable and ecofriendly organic custard apple orchard with good yield
Age-related Induced Resistance Effect on Tomato Seedlings for Producing Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV)-Free Plants and High-quality Seeds
No full textEgypt is facing a major problem in the field of tomato seed production, as infection with the yellow tomato leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is one of the most important factors in the success of this important production process, which has an impact on national food security, in addition to facing the steady increase in the costs of importing tomato seeds in particular vegetable crop seeds in general. Therefore, the main objective of the current study is to study plant age-related induced resistance (ARIR) against tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) in tomato plants. Several research points were studied, respectively: first, the effect of plant age on resistance to TYLCV virus in tomato plants that is transmitted by whitefly. Second, the detection and identification of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) in seeds obtained from seedlings of different ages (35 and 90 days old). Third, study the behavior of the whitefly in terms of the number of eggs and larvae, the percentage of the number of infected plants that showed symptoms of infection with the virus, and its relationship to the age of the seedlings. The results of this study proved that the age of the plant is closely related to the ability of the plant to withstand infection with the tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). The DNA of the tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) was identified from a sample of seeds obtained from plants obtained from 35-day-old seedlings. On the contrary, the DNA of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) was not detected in the seed sample obtained from plants produced from 90-day-old seedlings that were cultivated and adapted inside the nursery. The results also showed that in both protocols, using or without insecticides did not prevent the white fly from laying eggs and producing larvae on the plants. The increase was also gradual in the numbers of eggs and larvae of the white fly, as this activity peaked in the third week of transferring the seedlings to the open field, then those numbers decreased after the third week. This study also demonstrated the effect of positive seedling age (90 days old) on morphological traits related to vegetative growth, fruit production, and seed yield. Among the important benefits obtained was the ability to obtain seeds free of TYLCV in tomato plants, as well as the ability to remove nursery plants that showed early symptoms of the virus, and thus reduce the economic losses caused by the whitefly through the spread of the virus in the open fields
An In-depth Investigation of the Pertinent Challenges Inherent in Hydroponics, Aeroponics, Aquaponics, and the Efficacy of Bioponics-based Organic Solutions in Mitigating Them
No full textThis study looks at current issues with hydroponics, aeroponics, and aquaponics and explores if organic bioponics-based solutions are a viable alternative that is also sustainable. The study's findings emphasize the need of maintaining root health and nutrient delivery in aeroponic systems, monitoring water quality and striking a balance between the health of fish and plants in aquaponic systems, and maximizing resource utilization in both systems. The utilization of natural pest and disease management techniques and the sustainable use of resources are just two advantages of bioponics, according to comparative studies. The absence of organic food sources, inefficient insect control, and expensive upfront costs are cited as challenges. The development of various organic nutrient sources, optimisation of biological control agents, analysis of commercial feasibility and scalability, automation of processes, integration of technology, and environmental impact analysis are some future research objectives. This study demonstrates how bioponics may help progress environmentally friendly farming methods. By pursuing the suggested future research lines, scientists can further support organic farming methods, improve the effectiveness of food production, and lessen the influence of agriculture on the environment. By identifying low-cost organic material for Agri input development like that done in the year long trials done by VIRENXIA with IIT-Delhi, appropriate solutions for accelerating sustainable crop growth can be achieved. It also aims to create a virtuous cycle between society and an inclusive academic system, by providing knowledge and practices for emerging farmers and upgrading the capabilities of agriculture sectors, in responding to the development needs of rural India
Assessment of Genetic Variability for Yield and Yield Contributing Characters in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
No full textThe study was conducted at the department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh during the period from April 2018 to August 2018 to study variability, heritability, genetic advance, interrelationship among 14 important characters among the 15 popular rice genotypes of Bangladesh. Significant variation in plant height of BRRI dhan43, in 50% flowering BRRI dhan42 and BRRI dhan43, for days to maturity BRRI dhan42 and BRRI dhan43, for number of unfilled grain per panicle BRRI dhan48, for flag leaf length Lakhi Lata, for flag leaf width Lohar Gura, for panicle plant-1 BRRI dhan27, for number of filled grain per panicle Kalo Jamvi, number of filled grain per panicle Lakhi Lata, for 100-grain weight BRRI dhan48, for yield plant-1 BRRI dhan48 were found. Besides, yield per plant and 100-grain weight showed high genotypic and phenotypic co-efficient of variation while other characters showed moderate genotypic and phenotypic co-efficient of variation, except days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, panicle length, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, dry matter, and harvest index. All but, plant height and spikelet per panicle, all other characters studied in this experiment showed high heritability and high genetic advance in percent of mean. Panicle per plant, no. of filled grain, 100-seed wt., and harvest index are positively correlated. Yield per plant is also significantly and positively correlated with flag leaf length at the genotypic level but non-significant at phenotypic level. Grain yield showed non-significant positive association with flag leaf width and panicle length. Above information suggests that yield per plant would increase with increase of these characters. Path co-efficient analysis suggested that flag leaf length, panicle per plant, and flag leaf width showed moderate to low direct effect, but 100-seed weight showed highest positive direct effect toward yield per plant. Plant height showed a low negative direct effect on grain yield per plant while days to maturity, panicle length, no. of filled grain, no. of unfilled grain per panicle and dry matter had considerable negative direct effect on grain yield per plant and showed a negligible indirect effect. Thus, selection based on maturity period, number of panicles per plant, panicle length and higher number of filled grains per panicle might be effective for improving yield of rice