Asian Journal of Agriculture and Allied Sciences
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Evaluation of Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Contents in Tropical Wheat Varieties under Different Irrigation Regimes
Get PDFWheat is one of the most important staple food crops in the world. The demand for wheat is expected to rise by 60% in developing countries by the year 2050 due to the increased human population. For the farmers to feed the growing population, the production of wheat must be effectively increased by at least 70%. Despite this threat, the average yield in most wheat-producing regions is seriously reduced by abiotic factors such as drought. Boosting wheat production depends on a higher yield, rather than an increased cropping area. Improving the existing wheat varieties and developing new varieties that will be resistant to water stress is key. This study was conducted to evaluate the changes in chlorophyll and carotenoid contents under two irrigation regimes, to see the effects of their changes on the yield of tropical wheat varieties. The experiment was laid using a split plot with three replications. Two irrigation regimes were the main plot while ten wheat varieties were the subplots. Changes in chlorophyll A and B as well as carotenoids were evaluated. Combined results analysis shows significant changes in all the three pigments when irrigation interval was increased from 5-15 days. While chlorophyll A and B contents increased under 5 days irrigation, carotenoid increased under 15 days irrigation. Chlorophyll A and B were found to be positively correlated with yield in all the tropical wheat varieties. The varieties KAUZ-9, ATTILA-7, and TEVEE’S were found to have better results and were recommended for planting in water deficit environments
Eco-Physiological and Biological Characterization of Phosphate Solubilize Bacteria Isolated from Low pH Soils of Tigray Region
Get PDFPhosphate solubilize bacteria plays a key role on an increasing bioavailability of the insoluble phosphates through the action of releasing organic acids. The research was conducted on soil microbiology laboratory to evaluate the selected physiological and biochemical characteristics of the isolated strains. Series of research methodology was used to evaluate eco-physiological, morphological and biochemical tests. The nominated isolates show gram negative, mucous texture and all of them grown well at pH 6 and 7, 15-35℃ temperature and 1-1.5% salt concentration (Na Cl2). Promising result was observed from 1.5mg/l and 3.0mg/l of MnSO4 and 0.25mg/l ZnSO4. Regarding to carbohydrate utilization, all of the tested isolates were utilized the tested carbon source. Promising result was obtained from phosphate solubilization, the highest solubilization index was recorded from IS-B (2.21) followed by IS-E (2.18). The pull-down of pH from 7.0 to 4.75 shows that the ability of the isolated strain to release phosphates. Therefore, the authors concluded that, effective phosphate solubilize bacteria recommended for acidic soils particularly for the study sites to enhance phosphorus uptake to plant growth
Effect of Different Level of Potassium and Sulfur Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Onion (Allium cepa L.)
Get PDFAn experiment was undertaken at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during October, 2020 to June 2021 to observe the influence of different levels (100, 120, 140 and 160 kg K/ha) of potash and sulfur (5, 15, 25, and 35 kg S/ha) on growth, yield of BARI Piaz-6 in Randomized Complete Block Design having two factors with three replications. There is significant difference was observed in the leaf number, leaf length, bulb diameter, bulb height, individual bulb weight, bulb yield due to different doses of S. In case the effect of different doses of potassium showed significant variation in the above all parameters, where the highest and lowest results were obtained at 140 and 100 kg/ha potassium doses. The interaction effects of different doses of S and K significantly influenced on all growth and yield data. The highest plant height, leaf number, leaf length, bulb diameter, bulb height, individual bulb weight, bulb yield was observed at 140 kg/ha potassium with 35 kg/ha dose of sulfur and the lowest values of these parameter were found at the lowest doses of S (5 kg S/ha) and K (100 kg K/ha) combination
Postharvest Treatments with Naphthalene Acetic Acid and Methyl Jasmonate to Maintain the Quality of 'Laetitia' Plums (Prunus salicina Lindl.) during Cold Storage
Get PDFAims: This work aimed to verify the efficiency of the phytoregulators naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJa) in maintaining the postharvest quality of 'Laetitia' plum fruits, stored under refrigeration.
Study Design: The experimental design used was completely randomized with three treatments and five repetitions of 30 fruits/repetition.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out with 'Laetitia' plums from a commercial orchard in the municipality of Catanduvas, SC (27° 4' 3'' S and 51° 39' 47'' W), during the 2017/18 harvest.
Methodology: The fruits were treated with distilled water (control), MeJa (10-4 M), and NAA (10 mg. L-1); and stored in chambers with Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), maintained at a temperature of 4±1°C and relative humidity of 85±3%, for 35 days and another three days at ambient conditions (23±1°C). The main quality attributes were evaluated after storage.
Results: Weight loss, soluble solids content, and pulp firmness are not affected by the application of phytoregulators. The application of NAA 10 mg.L-1 accelerated fruit ripening and showed no positive effects. Treatment of 'Laetitia' plums with MeJa 10-4 M decreases ethylene production, respiration, and lipid peroxidation. This treatment also increased the concentration of antioxidants and total phenolic compounds. Fruit treatment with MeJa 10-4 M significantly reduced the incidence and severity of internal browning of the 'Laetitia' plum.
Conclusion: The treatment of 'Laetitia' plums with MeJa 10-4 M has positive effects on post-harvest storage, mainly reducing internal browning
Genotype x Environment Interaction and Grain Yield Stability Analysis of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Genotypes in Western Ethiopia
Get PDFThe performance of the genotypes depends on the genetic potential of the crop and the environment in which the crop is grown. The present study was aimed to identify and release of stable high yielding and medium maturing soybean variety with better agronomic performance in western Ethiopia. To this end, seventeen soybean genotypes including the standard check, Korme, were evaluated at three locations (Bako, Gute and Boshe) for two consecutive main cropping seasons (2017-2018). Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI), Genotype and Genotype by environment (GGE) interaction biplot and regression analysis were computed using R- statistical software to identify stable genotype across locations in both years. The environment, genotype and genotype x environment interaction (GEI) effects were highly significant (p<0.001) based on combined analysis of variance and additive main and multiplication interaction (AMMI) model. The three models revealed similar result in that PM-12-20, PM-12-32, PM-12-18 and PM-12-39 were stable and widely adapted genotypes. However, the genotypes PM-12-31, PM-12-45 and PM-12-43 had higher regression coefficient (bi) value showing that these genotypes were sensitive to changes in environmental conditions and tend to give high yield at a favorable environment. Genotype PM-12-37, now named as Billo-19, was relatively stable and high yielding thus released for the western Ethiopian and other areas with similar agro-ecologies
Evaluating the Effect of Salt Stress Conditions on the Growth, Yield and Nutrient Composition of Calyces and Leaves of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Cultivars in Far North Region of Cameroon
Get PDFContext: In sahelian and coastal areas, salinity is a permanent treat to the growth and devolpment of plants. The choice of salt-tolerant species would be a solution to this constraint.
Objective: The purpose of this work was to study the effect of the different NaCl concentrations on the growth, the yield and the nutritional composition of leaves and the calyx in two cultivars of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) i.e: green bissap and red star.
Methodology: The plants were subjected to different doses of NaCl ranging from 0, 60, 120 to 240 mM for 60 days in a completely random blocking design having four block.
Results: Increase in NaCl levels had no appreciable effect on growth, yield and chemical composition of leave and calyce of roselle. Application of NaCl (from 0 to 240 mM) led to a decrease of leaf yield (27.5% and 24.7% in Red star and Green bissap respectively), calyce yield (23.1% and 31.6% in Red star and Green bissap respectively), seed yield (29.8% and 32.8% in Red star and and Green bissap respectively) and accumulation of osmolytes, fiber content, Na content of leave and calyce and total anthocyanin content of calyce (25% and 66.5% in Red star and Green bissap respectively). The Na+ content obtained in the aerial parts (leave and calyce) was very low in the Red star cultivar and high in Green bissap.
Conclusion: The Red star (red bissap) cultivar is more salt tolerant than the Green bissap and therefore suggests that it could be a promising crop for farmers in salinity-prone areas and the coastal belts in tropical and sub-tropical regions
The Impact of Gibe III Hydro Dam-Induced Flood Disaster and Its Influence on the Livelihood of the Dassenech, South Omo, Ethiopia
Get PDFEven though the government has invested huge resources at upstream of the Omo River basin, it has not adequately considered either the rights of the Lower Omo ValleyValley downstream vulnerable pastoral and agro-pastoral communities or the induced flooding disaster risk that it poses on the live and livelihood system of the villagers. The crisis unfolded because of the Gibe III dam, which induced disaster for the Dassenech people. Such an effect disrupts the entire subsistence economy and livelihood system of the Lower Omo Valley Dassenech communities, not only food security severely threatened their survival system and transboundary regional peace and security as well. This destruction of pastoral and agro-pastoral livelihoods swiftly produced major humanitarian disasters including recurrent occurrences of flooding and drought in the area, with widespread conditions of starvation, disease, and spiral interethnic armed conflict in the tri-nation border region as groups desperately compete for vanishing resources. Mitigation and compensation measures related to the dam’s impacts are wholly inadequate, even undermining the existing subsistence livelihood, impoverished socio-economic, and politically vulnerable and marginalized pastoral and agro-pastoral villagers of the Dassenech
Effect of Regulated Deficit Irrigation and Mulch Levels on Quality and Economic Importance of Onion (Allium cepa L.) at Werer, Middle Awash Valley, Ethiopia
Get PDFIn Ethiopia, the Onion is one of the most significant vegetables produced by smallholder farmers mainly as a source of cash income and for seasoning the local stew. The rift valley area is a semi- arid with limited water resources and cumulative demand for water combined with high evapotranspiration rates limits the production and productivity of the Onion crop. The experiment was conducted to develop best irrigation water management scenario. Hence, alternatives need to be explored for effective and efficient use of the existing water resources. Thus, a field experiment was conducted at Werer Agricultural Research center to evaluate the response of onion (Allium cepa L) Quality and Economic Importance under deficit irrigation and straw mulching levels. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design in factorial technique of three levels of irrigation (100, 80 and 60% of ETc) and four levels of straw mulch (0,3,6 and 9ton wheat straw per ha) in three replications. The output of the Cropwat model showed that the highest seasonal water requirement of onion was 422.5 mm at 100% ETc while; the lowest was 253.5 mm at 60% ETc. The analysis of variance revealed that statistically, there was a significant (p<0.05) difference in leaf diameter, neck and bulb diameter, and marketable bulb yield by interaction effect of deficit irrigation and straw mulch levels; and Total soluble solid and bulb dry matter content were highly significant (p<0.01) influenced by the main effects of deficit irrigation and straw mulch levels. The highest marketable bulb yield (33.47 t/ha) was obtained from an experimental plot treated with a combined application of 100% of ETc and 6 t/ha straw mulch, while the lowest (21.10 t/ha) was obtained from plots treated with 60% ETc irrigation level and no mulch treatment. Partial budget analysis revealed that the most economically attractive combination for small-scale farmers with lower cost of production and higher net benefits was from the application of 80% ETc and 6 t/ha straw mulch. Therefore, in terms of marketable bulb yield and water profitable productivity, irrigating with 80% ETc with 6 t/ha straw mulch would be recommended for production of onion in the study area
Estimation of Variability Components among Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Germplasm at Kulumsa South Eastern Part of Ethiopia
Get PDFGarlic (Allium sativum L.) is the most widely cultivated bulb crop after onion had major place in spices and medicinal use and grown in diverse areas, grown in sunny and dry areas in a moderately humid and dry environment. In Ethiopia, garlic is the most extensively farmed crop, and it is an essential cash crop for small land holder farmers since its unit price is substantially greater than most other vegetables produced. However, environmental factors affect the genetic potential and the quality of garlic crops. Thus, the aim current study was to estimate components of variation among one hundred twenty (120) garlic genotypes/accessions. The experiment was executed by alpha lattice design with two replications at Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center is found in Arsi, Zone Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, is located 175km South East of Addis Ababa on the road from Adama to Asella. The result of study revealed that there was a significant genetic variation among garlic materials. During 2020 cropping season the highest genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic coefficients of variation 37.48% and 47.70% were observed respectively for weight of cloves and total yield tha-1and moderately high heritability along with high genetic advance as percent of the mean were exhibited by shaft/pseodostem length. During 2021 cropping season the highest genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic coefficients of variation 29.10% and 41.73% were observed respectively for weight clove and total yield tha-1 and moderately high heritability along with high genetic advance as percent of the mean were exhibited by shaft length. Generally, the present study indicated that the presence of the genetic variability between germplasms to exploit the genetic improvement of the garlic crop through hybridization and simple selection methods
Agronomic and Economic Performance of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Response to Nitrogen and Phosphorous supply at Bekoji, Southeastern Ethiopia
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted at Bekoji in southeastern Ethiopia during the 2021 and 2022 cropping seasons to evaluate different N and P fertilizer rates on agronomic performance, tuber yield, and economic profitability of potato tuber production. The treatments used consisted of four levels of nitrogen (0, 46, 92, and 138 kg ha-1) and phosphorus (0, 46, 69, and 92 kg ha-1) combined with factorial arrangements and laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results revealed that almost all parameters were significantly affected by the main effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer rates, still their interaction did not affect yield except potato plant height. As a result, in both seasons, the highest total tuber yield was obtained at the combined application of 138 kg N with 92 kg P2O5 ha-1. However, the partial budget analysis indicated that the combined application of 92 kg N and 92 kg P2O5 ha-1 gave the highest net benefit with an acceptable marginal rate of return (MRR) of 644.68%, which might be taken as a profitable rate for the test area. Therefore, based on economic performance, it can be concluded that the fertilizer application at the rate of 92 kg N ha−1 in combination with 92 kg P2O5 ha−1 fertilizer rates is more economical and hence, recommended for potato production in the study area