Asian Journal of Agriculture and Allied Sciences
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Evaluation of Advanced Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Genotypes for Yield and Yield Related Traits under High Potential Environments
Get PDFThe trial evaluated twenty two (22) advanced Faba bean genotypes included two standard checks using randomized complete block design (RCBD) design with two replications at four testing locations with the objectives of to evaluate genetic variability, assess associations of characters, estimate the effects of genotype, environment, and genotype x environment interaction on grain yield. The ANOVA result showed highly significant (p<0.01) differences were recorded among genotypes and location for days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of pods per plant, disease data except grain yield. From AMMI analysis, environment, genotype and their interaction had about 59%, 4.1% and 11.4% contributions of the total sum of squares respectively. Result indicated that the environments were diverse and causing most of the variation in genotypes. Genotypic coefficient of variation were recorded from the lowest to medium GCV for days to maturity and thousand seed weight respectively. Higher heritability values were estimated from days to flowering, plant height, number of pod per plant and thousands seed weight, indicating that the direct selection of this traits can be practiced in the evaluation of advanced Faba bean genotypes. Grain yield showed highly significant (p<0.01) and positive associations with traits of number of pods per plant this indicates that direct effects of traits on grain yield. According to AMMI2 biplot, the first two IPCA cumulatively accounted about 87.4% of the total genotype environment interactions, the first IPCA1 and second IPCA2 described about 53% and about 34.3% of the total sum square of genotype × environment interaction. Based on ASV scores the genotypes EK 05037-5, EK 05001-1 and EH 06006-6 had the lowest ASV score, thus which were the most widely stable genotypes across environments
AMMI Analysis for Genotype × Environment Interaction of White Cumin (Trachyspermu mammi L.) Genotypes in Potential Growing Areas of Ethiopia
Get PDFThe experiment was conducted to select the best yielder and widely adaptable white cumin genotypes across different testing environments during the 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015 main cropping seasons. Nine white cumin genotypes were evaluated in RCBD design using three replications at eleven environments. The combined mean performance recorded a higher mean seed yield from genotype G3 (1,031.3 kg ha-1) followed by genotype G7 (1,011.2 kg ha-1). The AMMI analysis of variance for seed yield showed a highly significant (p<0.01) difference among genotypes, environments, and genotype × environment. The environmental effect accounted for 64.03% of the total variation, whereas the genotype × environment and genotype effect accounted for about 1.65% and 10.27% of total sum squares respectively. The first IPCA captured about 50.4% of genotype × environmental interaction sum square, while the second IPCA explained about 25.2%. The two IPCs cumulatively explained 75.6% of genotype × environmental interaction sum square. Based on ASV scores G7 and G4 have the lowest ASV and they are the most widely stable genotypes across environments. In contrast, genotypes G5 and G1 score relatively the highest ASV and are considered unstable genotypes. E3 scored the least negative IPCA1 values, while environments E5, E8, and E9 scored maximum positive and negative IPCA1 values
Estimation of Manual Labor Required to Carry Out Agricultural Operations for Some Crops in the Gezira Scheme, Sudan
Get PDFGezira scheme is the largest irrigated scheme in Sudan. This study aimed to determine the number of labor (m.h/fed) for manual operations of the crops and to determining the operations that require introduction of implements to realize zero hand-labor. Data was collected from the farmers through direct interviews during 2021/2022 season. The collected data were entered into excel-sheets, and then man-hour per hectare was calculated for various manual operations using the standard methods The manual operations included preparing Gadual and Tagnent, sowing, thinning and re-sowing, adding fertilizer, weeding and harvesting. The study included seven crops namely; cotton, wheat, peanut, sorghum, pigeon pea, chickpea and onion. The results showed that seeding, weeding and harvesting operations need, on the average, 64, 88 and 308 man.h/ha, respectively. While preparing Gadual and Tagnent, re-sowing and thinning and adding fertilizer were the least labor-intensive operations, as they recorded an average of 9, 10 and 6 m.h/ha, respectively. In addition, the results showed that peanut is labor-intensive crop. It requires 951 m.h/ha followed by cotton (782 m.h/ha), onion (688 m.h/ha), and the wheat crop is the least of all (20 m.h/ha). Sorghum, pigeon pea and chickpea crops, the total number of labors was 371, 362 and 220 m.h/ha, respectively. The study concluded that introduction of seeding, weeding and harvesting implements are necessary to reduce the required labors
Evaluation of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties for Growth and Yield Components at Bekoji South Eastern Part of Ethiopia
Get PDFPotato is one of the most important and strategic crops, which enhance food security and economic benefits to the world and countries such as Ethiopia. Ethiopia has suitable conditions for the production of potatoes. A field experiment was conducted in the South Eastern highlands of Ethiopia to evaluate the performance of potato varieties for tuber yield and yield related traits and to select best-performed variety in yield and yield related traits. The experiment was laid out in an alpha lattice design with two replications during 2019 main cropping season at Bekoji sub-station of Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed the presence of highly significant (P<0.01) differences among varieties over all traits studied. The variety Gera produced the maximum total tuber yield of 51.1 t ha-1 and a marketable tuber yield of 50 t ha-1. Conversely, Moti produced the minimum total tuber yield of 14 t ha-1 and marketable tuber yield of 11.6 t ha-1. For most tuber quality traits, viz., tuber specific gravity and dry matter content, varieties Moti and Belete were the maximum producers, respectively. Thus, it could be concluded that from the current study the best performed variety will be used to increase yield of potato by demonstration of variety in the study area
Diversity Analysis among Ethiopian Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Accessions Based on Morpho-agronomic Traits
Get PDFA field experiment was carried out in the meher season (July–November 2021 and 2022) at Kulumsa, Southeastern Ethiopia. Genetic diversity study among the available genetic resources is the most important step in improving crops through selection or hybridization. The aim of this study is to determine the magnitude of diversity among Ethiopian fenugreek accessions based on morpho-agronomic traits. Twenty-eight Ethiopian fenugreek accessions were arranged in a 4×7 alpha lattice design with three replicates. Fifteen morpho-agronomic traits of the fenugreek accessions showed highly significant differences (p≤0.01)) in the pooled analysis of variance. The first three principal components contributed 83.1% of the genotypic variation. The number of fertile pods plant-1, days to 50% flowering, number of primary branches plant-1, seed yield and number plant-1, and plant height are the most contributing characters for the total variation. The accessions were clustered into three; the first, second, and third accounted for 11, 6, and 11 accessions, respectively. Accessions grouped under cluster I was characterized by a late grain-filling period, a high primary branches plant-1, a long pod length, and a higher number of seeds plant-1. The second cluster accessions were early emerging but flowered and matured late, with short pod length and low yielders; however, cluster III accessions were high yielders, with higher fertile pods, seeds, and seed yield plant-1. The highest inter-cluster distances were observed between the I and III and I and II clusters. The first cluster was mostly responsible for the particularly heterotic returns and segregants that might result from hybridization between accessions included in this cluster. The findings have practical implications for breeding programs and stakeholders who are going to exploit the advantage of each accession in each cluster. The phenotypic and genotypic correlation, direct and indirect effects of the traits and the genetic variability and advance from selection for those accessions needs to be checked for inclusion in the next breeding program
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Roselle (H. sabdariffa L.) Germplasm from Africa and Maintained at Wondogenet, Ethiopia Using a Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Marker
No full textRoselle (H. sabdariffa L.) is an economically important nutritional, medicinal, and industrial plant that belongs to the Malvaceae family and is native to Africa. In Ethiopia Roselle (H. sabdariffa L.) germplasm was introduced from different parts of Africa and maintained for breeding purposes in the Wondogenet agricultural research center, but there was no information on genetic diversity by using molecular markers. Thus, assessment of the genetic diversity of available accessions is a prerequisite for genetic improvement. Therefore, the present study was aimed at assessing the extent of genetic diversity and population structure in Roselle (H. sabdariffa L.) accessions maintained in Ethiopia. A sample of 75 accessions was obtained from the, Wondogenet Agricultural Research Center. A total of 12 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers produced 55 alleles in the range of 3 to 6, with an average of 4.58 per locus. Overall genetic diversity parameters such as the number of effective alleles (Ne), polymorphic information content (PIC), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), Shannon’s index (I), fixation index (F), and gene flow (Nm) were estimated to be 0.24, 0.72, 0.07, 0.5, 0.86, and 1.19, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance showed highly significant (P<0.001) molecular variances. The highest (88%) of the variation was attributed to genetic variability among individuals within populations, while 12% of the variation was observed among populations. The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) analysis in the two-dimensional plot showed that accessions from different country collections were often grouped. The dendrogram derived from UPGMA analysis of the 12 SSR data with 75 accessions showed two major distinct clusters. In all clustering analyses, most of the accessions clustered together without considering their respective geographic origins. Generally, the present study showed the existence of wide genetic variation among Roselle accession germplasm maintained in Ethiopia. Thus, the information generated serves as baseline information for available germplasm conservation and genetic improvement
Recent Advances and Strategies for the Valorization of Pineapple Waste in Sustainable Bioeconomy Applications
No full textPineapple processing produces considerable agro-industrial waste, comprising peels, cores, crowns, and stems, which presents environmental issues while simultaneously providing enormous prospects for sustainable use. These by-products, abundant in bioactive substances including bromelain, phenolic acids (e.g., ferulic, gallic), flavonoids, and dietary fiber, provide significant value for several industries, including food, medicines, cosmetics, and bioenergy. This study examines current progress in the extraction, characterisation, and application of these chemicals, highlighting solutions consistent with circular bioeconomy concepts. The valorization of pineapple waste mitigates environmental degradation and reliance on landfills while simultaneously increasing economic returns through the creation of high-value products. This analysis provides scalable, environmentally sustainable ideas pertinent to both developing and developed economies, in light of the increasing worldwide focus on sustainable development and resource efficiency
A Narrative Review on Transforming Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana) into a Superfood through Germination
No full textMillets have been a staple grain for ages, they are essential for maintaining food security in semiarid region. They are considered as a functional food because of their low glycemic index, gluten-free status and high dietary fiber and mineral content. Finger millet is a type of major millet. It is known by different names in different regions. Finger millet is one of the most nutrient-dense grain because of its high protein content and well-balanced amino acid profile. It contains high level of various micronutrients, including vitamins and minerals such as riboflavin, nicotinic acid, thiamine, calcium, phosphorus, and iron content. Numerous processing methods, including popping, roasting, germination, fermentation, and others, have been shown to improve the nutritional profile. Germination was determined to be the most effective processing method out of all of them. It aided in enhancing the nutritional profile, reducing the level of anti-nutrients and improving the functional properties of finger millet which ultimately improved sensory aspects, which aids in the creation of a variety of food products with enhanced nutritional content and sensory qualities. Thus, the present review study focuses on understanding the significance of finger millet with the help of various processing techniques and the role of germination on finger millet and its value-added product
Determination of Efficacy of Newly Introduced Herbicides on Weed Floras in Coffee Farm under Rain-Fed Production System in Ethiopia
No full textWeed is the major limiting factor of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) production in Ethiopia. Weeds in coffee cause a 65% yield reduction in the country. Nowadays, the expense of weed management has been a principal issue in Ethiopia's economic analysis of coffee production. Herbicide is the best weed management option in coffee production. Thus, the newly introduced herbicide verification trial was conducted on-site at the Hawassa Agricultural Research Center and Awada Coffee Research sub-center site in 2024, during the cropping season, to evaluate the efficacy of the newly introduced herbicide. The experiment consists of five (5) treatments of Wanda 48%SL (Glyphosate 48% g/l SL) test herbicide and XTrim 48%Sl, True killer, and Gly care 480%g/l SL, as a standard check and weedy control as a negative control. The herbicides effectively reduced weed density and improved weed control efficiency compared to weedy control. The tested herbicide Wanda 48%SL (Glyphosate 48 g/l SL) was fully controlled in the experimental plot, similar to a standard herbicide with one-time application for one season. This result suggested that one-time application at vigorous weed growth is mandatory to achieve full control throughout the season equivalent to standard control herbicides. Therefore, Wanda 48%SL (Glyphosate 48g/l SL) at 3 L/ha within 250L/ha water with one-time application per season is recommended to control weeds in coffee as an alternative management option. According to this study, all the evaluated herbicides can control coffee weeds, without different control duration. All standard checks True killer, Glycare 480% g/l SL, XTrim 48% SL, and the tested herbicide Wanda 48%SL (Glyphosate 48g/l SL) controlled weed species within 7 to 21 days
An Examination through Cross-culture of Ethnomedical Plants and Their Parts Used in Sindh Forest
No full textSince the beginning of time, people have employed plants to treat their illnesses and afflictions. Field visits to the research region were conducted from March to September of 2022–2023, as part of the current project's efforts to investigate and record the medicinal plants used to treat a variety of illnesses. The survey team from the Department of Botany at Glocal University Saharanpur conducted the fieldwork. However, in the recent two quarters, medicinal plants have acquired widespread awareness again because of increased confidence in herbal medicine, which is seen to have fewer side effects than allopathic medication and to be able to satisfy the medical needs of the world's expanding population. Using ethnomedical remedies to treat a variety of illnesses is inexpensive and safe. Data on the therapeutic plants utilized by the Sindh Forest Division was gathered from the designated area. Thirty plants from nineteen families were identified for local use. The results of this study showed that several ailments can be treated with either the complete plant or specific plant components. Additionally, it was noted that most plant species have several uses in medicine and that a given condition can be treated by more than one plant species. The research will raise awareness among students and researchers in the area to learn more about their rich natural surroundings and to foster a sense of responsibility to preserve them