Asian Journal of Agriculture and Allied Sciences
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Impact of Foliar Fertilization Frequency on the Growth and Development of Banana Plantlets in a Greenhouse Environment
Get PDFThe experiment was conducted during June to September of 2022 and 2023 in plastic greenhouse. Plantlets of the released banana cultivar Grand Nain were produced in the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory of Kassala and Gash Research Station, Sudan. The objective of this research was to evaluate the impacts of different frequencies of foliar fertilization on banana plantlet development and growth under greenhouse conditions. The experiment consisted of two factors, three types of foliar fertilizers were (Nobel Fort NPK, Alnoha fertilizer NPK and Growth Foliar NPK), arranged in the main plot and applied frequencies were arranged in the sub-main plot. The treatments were randomly laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. The results showed that the fertilizer frequencies every week recorded the highest values of plant height, plant girth, number of leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf width, root length, root girth and number of roots per plant compared to frequencies every 3 weeks. Spraying foliar fertilization every week improved growth parameters
Assessing Genetic Variability and Heritability in Genotypes of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) for Bulb Yield and Related Traits
Get PDFAssessing the genetic diversity of crop species is one of the main objectives of plant breeding since it helps with the creation of breeding strategies. Thus, the purpose of this field experiment was to evaluate the genetic diversity and mean performance of garlic genotypes on bulb yield and associated variables. The field evaluation of nineteen garlic genotypes and one released variety HL was conducted at Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center using a randomized complete block design with three replications during the main growing seasons of 2020 and 2021. The analysis of variance indicated there were significant differences among the genotypes for all traits except days to physiological maturity in 2020 season, while only some growth and yield traits are significant in 2021 production season. Some of the genotypes GOG-065/18, GOG-057/18, GOG-047/18, GOG-064/18, GOG-068/18, GOG-045/18, and GOG-018/18 had mean performances higher than the standard check variety HL. The highest significant bulb yield was observed on the genotype G-067/18 (9.63 t ha-1) and GOG-057/18 (9.90 t ha-1) in 2020 and 2021 season respectively. Highest phenotypic (PCV) and genotypic (GCV) coefficients of variation recorded for total bulb yield tons per hectare and number of cloves per bulb, while the days to physiological maturity had the lowest heritability (h2b) in broad sense and genetic advance as a percent of mean (GAM), 67% and 33.89% (total bulb yield per hectare) and 1.13% to 0.08% (day to physiological maturity) respectively. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation attached with high heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean were observed for total bulb yield tons per hectare number of cloves per bulb and clove weight. Therefore, selection for these characters would be effective for selecting genotypes for future garlic breeding programs
Yield Responses of Four Maize Varieties to Two Plant Densities in the Humid Tropics of Rivers State, Nigeria
No full textStudy on yield responses of four maize (Zea mays) varieties was carried out in the late (dry) season and early (wet) season using two plant densities (spacings) at the Rivers State University Teaching and Research Farm, Port Harcourt. The treatments comprise of four maize varieties (Bendel white, Oba super 6, Oba super 98 and Provitamin A) and two plant densities (60cm 15cm and 60cm 30cm). Treatments were arranged in a split plot combination fitted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated three times. Parameters assessed were stover yield, cob length, cob weight, cob circumference, number of grains/cob and 1000 grains/weight. Results showed that Provitamin A had highest mean in cob length (24.5cm), cob circumference (13.2cm), cob weight (898.8gm) and number of grains/cob (260.9), OBA super 98 had high 1000 grains/weight (160.3gm) and OBA super 6 in stover yield (3.4kg). Yield response showed that early (wet) season had the highest performance (p < 0.05) than late (dry) season. Also, 60cm 30cm was high in cob weight (852.7gm), no of grains/cob (223.6) and 1000 grains/weight (159.3gm) but was not significantly different from 60cm 15cm in stover yield, cob length and cob circumference. Provitamin A variety spaced with 60cm 30cm (V4 + P2) had high mean (p < 0.05) in cob weight, number of grains/cobs, cob circumference. The least in yield performance was Bendel white spaced 60cm 15cm (V1 + P2) in cob length, cob weight and cob circumference. Therefore, Provitamin A is recommended by farmers for ideal for optimum maize yield in Rivers State. Farmers in this agroecological zone are advised to adopt plant density of 60cm 30cm for maize production
Cinnamon: A Review on the Medicinal Plant and Its Health Benefits
No full textCinnamon is a spice used daily by people as a traditional medicine for centuries all over the world. It is an evergreen plant, and its leaves and bark are good sources of oil. It belongs to the family of Lauraceae. The main species of commercially cultivated cinnamon are Cinnamomum verum, Cinnamomum burmannii, Cinnamomum cassia, and Cinnamomum loureiroi. The objective of this review is to discuss the uses, chemical composition, nutritional composition, toxicity, and the potential role of cinnamon in overall health management. For this review, extensive bibliographic research was conducted, utilising keywords such as its uses, chemical composition, nutritional composition, health benefits, and toxicity. Key findings conclude that cinnamon possesses antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, Insecticidal, anti-tumour, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, anti-obesity, cardioprotective, anti-hypertensive, anti-allergic, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, and gastroprotective properties. Moreover, the nutrient composition revealed that it is a great source of dietary fibre and minerals. This review focuses on summarizing the most relevant literature to highlight the health benefits of cinnamon and its nutritional and chemical properties
Effect of Spacing and Organic Manures on Growth, Yield and Economics of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
No full textThe experiment aims to study the effect of spacing and organic manures on the growth, yield and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Research Farm, Agriculture Department, Jigyasa University (Formerly Himgiri Zee University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand during the Rabi season 2021- 2022. The experiment consisted of three different spacing (20 cm x 10 cm, 22.5 cm x 10 cm and 22.5 cm x 15 cm) and four levels of organic manure (0, 10 t/ha FYM, 10 t/ha VC and 10 t/ha FYM + 10 t/ha VC). Twelve treatments were laid down in Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications of each. Results of the field experiment revealed that the highest yield parameters of the wheat crop were observed in spacing 22.5 cm x 15 cm in number of tillers, plant height, dry weight, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index which reached 372.8 tillers m-2, 83.3 cm, 973.7 g, 3.68 t/ha, 5.12 t/ha and 41.57 % while the spacing of 20 cm x 10 cm show lowest yield parameters. The organic manure levels OM4 (10 t/ha FYM + 10 t/ha VC) showed a significant superiority for the characteristic of plant height, spike length, test weight, and biological yield, with means of 87.5 cm, 13.5 cm, 42.86 g, and 9.54 t/ha, respectively. The treatment of T12 (22.5 cm x 15 cm + 10 ton/ha FYM + 10 ton/ha VC) recorded the highest gross return (Rs. 142905 Rs/ha), net returns (Rs 83740.2 Rs/ha) and B: C ratio (1.41) respectively
Evaluation of Biopesticide Potential of Rabbit Urine in the Control of Spodoptera frugiperda Larvae in Maize Cultivation
No full textThe fall armyworm caterpillars (Spodoptera frugiperda larvae) poses a major threat to maize production in Burundi, where maize is a staple crop for food security. The repeated use of chemical pesticides leads to health and environmental risks, prompting the search for ecological alternatives. Among these, rabbit urine is gaining increasing interest as a biopesticide.
An experimental study was conducted in Cankuzo (Burundi) between January and June 2024 to evaluate the effect of rabbit urine against the fall armyworm. Four treatments were tested: control without urine (T0), urine diluted tenfold (T1), urine diluted fivefold (T2), and undiluted urine (T3). The urine was sprayed three times at two-week intervals, starting from the appearance of the first infestations.
The results show that urine treatments, particularly the undiluted one (T3), significantly reduced the number of caterpillars and plant damage. Treatment T3 recorded the lowest infestation rate (31.5% of plants attacked) and the highest caterpillar mortality (85 dead), compared to only 2 dead caterpillars in the control treatment. Statistical analysis confirmed a significant difference between the urine treatments and the control without urine (p < 0.05).
Undiluted rabbit urine has repellent and insecticidal properties against the fall armyworm. It enhances plant resistance and could be a sustainable and accessible solution for small-scale farmers. For optimal effectiveness, it is recommended to apply undiluted urine at least three times, starting from the detection of the first caterpillar attacks
Prevalence and Economic Implications of Foetal Wastage in Small Ruminants (Sheep and Goats) Slaughtered at Jalingo Abattoir, Taraba State, Nigeria
No full textThe slaughter of pregnant small ruminants resulting in fetal loss represents a significant constraint to livestock production and contributes to protein deficiency in developing countries. This study investigated the prevalence of fetal wastage in small ruminants and its associated economic implications at Jalingo Abattoir in Taraba State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted over six months, spanning September 2023 through February 2024. Daily abattoir visits were undertaken to record the total number of sheep and goats slaughtered, examine uteri of slaughtered females for the presence of fetuses, and determine fetal age, sex, and breed through crown-rump length measurements. Economic losses were quantified using prevailing local market values, and data analysis employed descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests. Results showed that 3,785 sheep and 8,662 goats were slaughtered during the study period, with females comprising 75.06% of sheep and 31.10% of goats. Pregnancy was detected in 22.56% of ewes and 20.75% of does among slaughtered females. A total of 678 lamb fetuses and 643 kid fetuses were recovered, yielding prevalence rates of 23.86% and 23.87%, respectively. Female fetuses predominated in both species (53.10% in sheep; 52.57% in goats). The majority of fetuses were in their second or third trimesters, indicating advanced gestational stages. Yankasa sheep and Sokoto Red goats emerged as the most affected breeds. Economic losses over the six-month study period were estimated at ₦5,962,000, projecting to an annual loss of ₦11,924,000. These findings highlight the critical need for enhanced ante-mortem inspection protocols, farmer education on pregnancy detection methods, and stricter enforcement of regulations prohibiting the slaughter of pregnant animals to improve livestock productivity and strengthen food security
Determination of Giftii Bio Pesticide Rate for the Control of Fussarium Head Blight Disease of Wheat in Arsi Area
Get PDFThe average national yield of wheat is about 2.8 t/ha. However, poor yields are partially attributed by losses from Fusarium head blight (FHB), Septoria Spp, and rust diseases three main biotic threats to wheat productivity in Ethiopia and around the world. These losses are made worse by climate change, and a sizable amount of wheat which makes up 9% of the country's total cereal production is imported annually to make up the difference. In order to control FHB in wheat-potential areas in 2022 and 2023, the trial seeks to ascertain the proper rate of new product (GBP). Fertilizer application, weed control, and planting at the suggested seed rate were all part of the trial. Plant surfaces were treated with a mixture of test bio pesticides and a check fungicide and tap water. Grain yield, HLW, and TKW were measured, and bleached spikes were used to gauge the severity of the disease. In Kulumsa, Fusarium head blight (FHB) was shown to be more severe over the course of two years in the trial field. The productivity of sensitive cultivars Boru demonstrated higher yield with various treatments of G_BP and standard check Nativo 300Sc compared to untreated plots. The study also looked at the effect of G_BP on other agronomic variables. In terms of grain yield, weight of thousand kernels, and floor contents of Boru, the results indicate that 1liter/hectar of G_BP bio pesticides are comparable to standard check Nativo 300Sc. At 5% degree of freedom, however, they differ considerably from the untreated plot and are not significant from standard check
Genetic Variability, Heritability, and Genetic Advance of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Genotypes among Bulb Yield and Related Traits at Kulumsa, Southeastern Ethiopia
Get PDFOne of the fundamental goals of plant breeding is to evaluate genetic diversity in crop species, which aids in the development of breeding approaches. Therefore, this field experiment was conducted to assess mean performance, the genetic variability in garlic genotypes on bulb yield and related traits. The field evaluation of thirteen garlic genotypes and one released variety Holetta local (HL) was conducted at Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center using a randomized complete block design with three replications during the main growing seasons of 2020 and 2021. The analysis of variance indicated there were highly significant differences among the genotypes for all traits except clove diameter. Some of the genotypes namely, G-043/19, G-005/19, G-045/19, G-009/19, G-134/19, G-010/19, and GOG-049/18 had mean performances higher than the standard check variety Holetta local (HL). Highest phenotypic (PCV) and genotypic (GCV) coefficients of variation recorded for total bulb yield tons per hectare and number of cloves per bulb, while the days to physiological maturity had the lowest heritability (h2b) in broad sense and genetic advance as a percent of mean (GAM) ranged between 37% (clove weight) to 78% (plant height) and 1.84% (day to maturity) to 49.13% (total bulb yield per hectare) respectively. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation coupled with high heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean were observed for total bulb yield tons per hectare number of cloves per bulb and clove weight. Therefore, selection for these characters would be effective for selecting genotypes for future garlic breeding programs
Assessing Spatial Variability of Soil Physical and Chemical Quality as Affected by Slope Curvature and Aspect of Acid Soils in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
No full textThe study was conducted to evaluate the spatial variability of soil physical quality affected by slope aspect and curvature in acid soils of Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria. Twenty-four soil samples were collected from three locations in three slope positions on two slope characteristics in the study area. The soil samples were air-dried and sieved through 2mm sieve for the determination of the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Indices of soil quality (modified clay ratio, silt clay ratio, sodium absorption ratio, weight of organic matter) were calculated. The data generated were summarized using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between slope curvature and aspect with physical properties of the soil. The results show that in physical properties, south facing slope recorded higher sand, Bulk density and Total porosity (922.33 %, 27.83 %, 1.61 Mgm-3and 0.76 m3m-3) respectively, while north-facing had high clay and low hydraulic conductivity (59 % and 4.10 cmhr-1) respectively. In slope curvature, concave slope recorded high mean content of silt, Bulk density and Total porosity (26 %, 2.45 Mgm-3 and 0.81 m3m-3) respectively, the convex slope had a high content of silt, clay and saturated hydraulic conductivity (919 %, 58.83 % and 4.14 cmhr-1) respectively. The results of soil chemical properties in comparing the slope aspect indicated that north-facing slope recorded a high mean value in pH (6.04) and base saturation (51.73 %), while south facing slope recorded high mean value in organic matter (3.90 %), available phosphorus (5.81 mgkg-1), calcium (17.77 cmolkg-1), magnesium (1.17 cmolkg-1), potassium (0.30 cmolkg-1), sodium (0.38 cmolkg-1), exchangeable acidity (5.04 cmolkg-1), and effective cation exchange capacity (9.50 cmolkg-1). Results on indices of soil physical properties in north facing slope had mean value of (19.59, 0.18, 673 and 17.65) for Silt Clay Ratio (SCR), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Weight of Organic Matter (WOM) and Modified Clay Ratio (MCR), respectively, while south facing slope had 20.34, 0.46, 780 and 30.78, for SCR, SAR, WOM and MCR respectively. Concave slope had mean values of 18.02, 0.20, 739 and 15.94 for SCR, SAR, WOM and MCR respectively. Convex slope indicated mean values of 18.55, 1.20, 67 and 17.70 for SCR, SAR, WOM and MCR respectively