Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
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Response of turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val.) to in vivo and in vitro pollination
Get PDFSeed set and development were obtained through in vivo pollination in three combinations of short duration turmeric cultivars and these were not observed in crosses of medium duration cultivars and short x medium duration cultivars. The fruit developed after in vivo pollination was a thick walled trilocular capsule. It took 20-22 days for development and ripening. Arilled seeds are triangular with two seed coats. The seeds are filled with massive endosperm and the embryo is seen oriented towards the chalazal end of the seed. In the in vitro pollination studies, culture establishment and ovule development were obtained in half strength MS + NAA 0.5 mg l-1 with BAP and kinetin at 1 mg l-1 each. Among the various methods of pollination tried, ovule seed-l development was observed in the intra ovarian, placental and modified placental pollination techniques. In the in vitro developed seed, the endosperm development was not complete. The aforesaid in vitro techniques need refinement with respect to medium and other requirements for the germination of in vitro produced seeds.
 
Quality of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) variety Co-3 as influenced by levels and sources of phosphorus and levels of nitrogen
Get PDFNitrogen and phosphorus application increased the ascorbic acid content and capsaicin content in green, ripe and dry chilli. Sources of phosphorus did not have any significant effect on the ascorbic acid content. The maximum ascorbic acid content was recorded in green fruit which decreased gradually with maturity of fruit, recording the lowest value in dry pod, while capsaicin content was lowest in green fruit and maximum in dry pod.
 
Variability assessment in M7-lines of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
Get PDFThe variability in 29 M-lines derived from gamma radiation at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 Kr dose along with three checks namely, RMt-1, RMt-143 and a local cultivar of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) was estimated. Significant variability was recorded for days to flowering, plant height, pods per plant, seeds per pod, test weight, seed yield per plot, protein content and the incidence of powdery mildew disease. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were observed for protein content, pods per plant, seed yield per plot and branches per plant. High broad sense heritability (>74%) coupled with high genetic advance (>31 %) was recorded for protein content and pods per plant. Among the 29 M,-lines, No. 20 (551-1) exhibited superiority over all the three checks and other lines, indicating the necessity for further evaluation of this line.
 
Screening mint (Mentha spp.) accessions against root-knot nematode infection
Get PDFDifferent mint (Mentha spp.) accessions were screened in vitro against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). Root-knot infection was high in Siwalik and Himalaya and two M. arvensis cultivars, whereas moderate reaction was found in M. arvensis cultivars like SS-11, SS-27, Gomti, Kosi, M. cardiaca, and MAH-1. The lowest root-knot infection level was found on SS-4, SS-5, Kalka and 55-20. Moderate to high degree of resistance was recorded in SS-1-4, SS-2-7, SS-15, SS-26, M. piperita cv. Kukrail, M. spicata cv. Neera, M. spicata cv. Arka, M. sitrata cv. Kiran, M. gracilis and M. viridis.
 
Soil-site suitability evaluation for cardamom - A case study
Get PDFNineteen soil profiles representing seven soil series with sixteen mapping units were collected, described and mapped at Indian Institute of Spices Research, Cardamom Research Centre, Appangala, Madikeri, Karnataka for evaluating their suitability for cardamom cultivation. Soil and site properties such as climate, depth, slope, elevation, shade, texture, drainage, etc were compared with suitability criteria and the soils were assessed for growing cardamom. It is indicated that the well distributed rainfall of 1500-2000 mm with well drained conditions, a soil depth of more than 80 cm and 900-1200 m elevation support good crop of cardamom. The critical limit of Available Water Capacity was found to be 100 cm. Of the total area of the research station, 42 per cent area is highly suitable for cardamom cultivation. About 53 per cent of the area is moderately suitable and about 4 per cent is marginally suitable.
 
Comparative performance of different varieties of large cardamom (Amomom subulatum Roxb.) under mid altitude of Amnachal Pradesh
Get PDFStudies were conducted to assess the performance of eight varieties of large cardamom at mid altitudes (660 meters MSL) in Arunachal Pradesh. Out of the eight varieties tested, Ramla,' Sawney, Madhusey and Ramsey performed better and can be introduced for commercial cultivation at mid altitude region of Arunachal Pradesh.
 
An induced detenninate mutant in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
Get PDFA determinate mutant was isolated from a population of 400 plants of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) in the M2 generation raised from 200 seeds of Rmt 1 (indeterminate variety) treated with ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) 0.10% for 4 h. Random samples from all M2 populations (except the mutant) were advanced to M3 generation. The appearance of one determinate type in a sample of 798 plants indicated that the trait is monogenic. This mutant was grown along with Rmt 1 and UM 305 (spontaneous mutant for similar growth habit). There were significant differences among genotypes for plant height, number of pods per plant, seed yield per plant and aphid infestation. The study indicated that the performance of the mutant could be brought on par with the checks following selection for desired economic traits.
 
Piper hapnium : A rare Piper species from Peruvannamuzhi, Kerala - A new report
Get PDFPiper hapnium is considered to be an endangered species of Piper. Occurrence of this species is reported mainly from the low-lying hills of Western Ghats. Though, scientists of Indian Institute of Spices Research conducted extensive surveys for collection of Piper species from the Western Ghats, P. hapnium (female plants) could be collected only once from the low land hills of Courtallum, Tamil Nadu. Earlier surveys conducted in the Silent Valley forests of Western Ghats (Ravindran et al. 1990) revealed the non-occurrence of P. hapnium in this area, though this sanctuary is identified as one of the rich centers for Piper diversity.
 
Delineation of Turmeric Zones in Tamil Nadu
Get PDFTamil Nadu is having 30 districts, spread over 13 million ha. in 7 agro-climatic zones and lies between 8°5' and 13°5' north latitude and 76°15' and 80°20' eastern longitude. The average annual rainfall is 1010 mm with 54 rainy days. Tamil Nadu ranks third place in area under turmeric (11 %) next to Andhra Pradesh (39 %) and Orissa (18%) and second place in production (19%) next to Andhra Pradesh (49%).
 
Effect of row spacing and nitrogen fertilization on growth, yield and composition of bulb in garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivars
Get PDFThe field experiment to study the effect of row spacing and nitrogen fertilization on growth, yield and composition of bulb in garlic cultivars was conducted during rabi in 1998-99 and 1999-2000. All growth parameters, yield attributing traits, bulb yield and contents of the bulb increased significantly with the increasing level of nitrogen application and row spacing and these were maximum with nitrogen application of 200 kg ha-1 and a row spacing of 15 cm. However, the T.S.S. was higher in closer row spacing (10 cm). The cultivar, Jajavar local was significantly superior over the other two cultivars in all these characters. The interaction studies showed that the treatment combination of N. S2 V2, (Nitrogen @ 200 kg ha-1, row spacing of 15 cm and cultivar Jajavar local) gave higher bulb yield (128 q ha-1) with maximum net returns (Rs 77,236 ha-1) and a B : C ratio (3.06:1).