Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
Not a member yet
1089 research outputs found
Sort by
Effect of curing methods on quality and drying characteristics of turmeric: Effect of curing methods on quality of turmeric
No full textTurmeric rhizomes of Suranjana cultivar were cured by traditional and microwave methods in water and sodium bicarbonate solution and dried in hot air dryer. Effect of curing methods on moisture content, hardness, colour, curcumin content, essential oil content, total phenolic content and drying rate were investigated. Curing methods did not have significant effect on moisture content of cured rhizomes. Hardness of turmeric rhizomes decreased as curing duration increased. Microwave curing in sodium bicarbonate solution for 6 min resulted in maximum value of the colour indices, highest curcumin content (5.20%) and essential oil content (4.38%) in turmeric powder and highest dry recovery (24.20%). Curing caused significant reduction in drying time. Minimum drying time (20.84 h) was required in microwave curing in water for 8 min, whereas, uncured samples took longest time (29 h) for drying. Drying of all the turmeric rhizomes cured by different methods occurred in falling rate period
Effect of low temperature grinding on phytochemicals profile of fenugreek seed powder: Effect of grinding methods on the quality of fenugreek seed powder
No full textThe grinding of spices at ambient temperature causes the loss of valuable heat-sensitive constituents. While higher investment and maintenance of cryogenic grinding make it prohibitive for small-scale industries. So, the present study was carried out to check the effects of low-temperature grinding on various phytochemicals of ground powder of fenugreek seeds. Water at ambient temperature, chilled water and coolant were circulated around the grinding chamber to lower the grinding temperature. Additionally, fenugreek seeds were fed at ambient and low temperatures (-100C). The temperature inside the grinding chamber at the end of grinding for three kg of fenugreek seeds ranged from 91.330C–53.330C for different treatments. A fall in grinding temperature resulted in the retention of a higher quantity of total phenol (7.71 mg g-1), total flavonoid (12.08 mg quercetin equivalent/g extract), antioxidant activity (21.29%) and volatile components in powder of fenugreek seeds ground by coolant circulation with low-temperature feed
Characterization of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) varieties and landraces/farmers selections for spike and berry traits: Characterisation of black pepper for spice and berry traits
No full textStatistical tools such as analysis of variance, correlation, path coefficient analysis, Scott-Knott test and principal component analysis were used in the present study to characterize black pepper verities/hybrids for spike and berry traits. ANOVA indicated that fifteen traits under study were statistically significant. Traits like fresh pericarp weight and dry pericarp weight showed high positive correlation (>0.95) with spike weight. Path coefficient analysis revealed that berry weight and seed size are contributing directly to spike weight. Scott-Knott test identified Panniyur-1 and Nedumchola as the most contrasting genotypes for most number of traits studied. Based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA), first three principal components had an eigen value above unity and explained 88 per cent of cumulative variation. Principal component PC-1 accounted for maximum variation of about 42.4 percent which discriminated the genotypes based on fresh berry weight, dry seed weight and fresh pericarp weight. These traits serve as the selection criteria for improvement of yield in black pepper
Prevalence of insect pests in large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) and evaluation of bio-rationals for the management of major pests under organic agro-ecosystem of Sikkim: Bio-rationals for the management of major pests of large cardamom
No full textLarge cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) is one of the important cash crops of Sikkim and Darjeeling areas of West Bengal. In this study, a fixed plot survey on insect pests of large cardamom was conducted and found that stem borer (Glyphipterix spp., Lepidoptera: Glyphiperidae), shoot fly (Merochlotops dimorphus Cherian, Diptera: Chlororpidae), leaf eating caterpillar (Artona chorista Jordon, Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) and tea mosquito bug (Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse, Hemiptera: Miridae) are the major pests of the crop. Eco-friendly organic treatments like neem-based oil, petroleum-derived horticultural oil, spinosad and different formulations of entomopathogens were tested against these major insects. Among all, application of spinosad 45 SC @ 0.3 ml L-1 was found effective followed by neem-based oil (Azadirachtin 0.15% EC) 1500 ppm @ 3 ml L-1 at three different time intervals (first application in February-March, second application in June-July and third application in October-November) against all insects. Moreover, entomopathogenic bio-control agents (Bacillus thuringiensis @ 2 ml L-1, Metarhizium anisopliae@ 5 ml L-1 and Beauveria bassiana @ 5 ml L-1) were on par with neem-based oil for the management of stem borer. Considering the economic importance of the crop and absence of valid technology for management of insect pests in large cardamom through organic options, application of either of them could be helpful in organic management of insect pests in Sikkim
Interactive effect of biocontrol agents in the management of Fusarium rot in cardamom and its impact on plant defense mechanism: Biological control of Fusarium rot in cardamom
No full textCardamom plantations are subjected to constant threat due to the Fusarium rot disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht which is pronounced during summer months. The current study deals with the identification of an effective and ecofriendly management practice for the disease through the use of biocontrol agents. Survey conducted between February and May 2019 revealed maximum disease severity and incidence in Pampadumpara panchayat of Nedumkandam block (84.40% and 100%) and minimum in Erattaar panchayat of Kattappanablock (50.40% and 60.00%). A pot culture experiment was conducted to study the effect of three bioagents (Glomus fasciculatum, Trichoderma asperellum and Pseudomonas fluorescens) individually as well as in combinations. Root inoculation of G. fasciculatum with basal application and spray with P. fluorescens as well as root inoculation of G. fasciculatum along with basal application of T. asperellum and P. fluorescens spray were identifiedto be effective against the disease. Disease suppression by the above bioagents was facilitated by reduced pathogen antagonist ratio in the soil, high level of mycorrhizal colonization in the roots and enhanced biochemical activity of defense enzymes like peroxidase, poly phenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase in the plants
Microbial inoculants and Trichoderma viride consortia for growth promotion and disease management in ginger: Microbial consortia for growth and disease management in ginger
No full textA study was conducted to evaluate the effect of microbial inoculants consortia on ginger under field conditions. Three biofertilizers comprising of Azospirillum lipoferum (nitrogen fixer KAU-AZO), Bacillus megaterium (phosphate solubilizer KAU-PSB), Bacillus sporothermodurans (potash solubilizer KAU-KSB) and two biocontrol agents namely, Pseudomonas fluorescen (KAU-PF) and Trichoderma viride (KAU-TV) were used in the study. Compatibility studies revealed that all the isolates were compatible with each other. However, P. fluorescens and T. viride were incompatible with each other under in vitro. Under field evaluation, consortia of microbial inoculants performed better than the single inoculants in terms of yield and disease management. The organic Adhoc package recorded the minimum incidence of rhizome rot (2.09 %) among all the treatments. However, KAU-AZO + KAU-PSB + KAU-KSB + KAU-TV recorded the minimum rhizome rot (5.23%) incidence among the consortia. In the case of Rhizoctonia leaf blight disease, consortia of KAU-AZO + KAU-PSB + KAU-KSB + KAU-PF showed the minimum incidence (5.21%). In general, consortium of A. lipoferum, B. megaterium (PSB), B. sporothermodurans (KSB) and T. viride was the most efficient for plant growth promotion and disease management in ginger
Comparative analysis of nutraceutical potential of turmeric grown in different areas of Almora, Uttarakhand: Nutraceutical potential of turmeric
No full textCurcuma longa (Turmeric) is an important medicinal condiment, which is known for its unique phytochemicals and biological activities. Seven turmeric powder samples obtained from five different locations of Almora District, Uttarakhand were compared for their nutraceutical potential in terms of proximate composition, phytochemical constituents such as phenolics and flavonoids, along with their antioxidant potential, curcumin, minerals etc. The commercial brand was taken for comparison purposes. Total fat was found highest in Jamradi sample (10.07%) while lowest was found in commercial sample (2.72%). The curcumin (5.13%), total phenolic (2.12 mg GAE 100 mg-1 DW) and flavonoid contents (5.43 mg QE 100 mg-1 DW) were highest in the Tani turmeric sample. DPPH activity of Dharad and Market samples were quite comparable (0.24 mg AAE 100 mg-1 DW), and FRAP activity was highest for Hawalbagh sample (0.44 mg AAE 100 mg-1 DW). Total fat, total moisture, phytic acid and oxalate content were identified as main factors causing difference among the turmeric samples
Biocontrol of Pythium aphanidermatum causing soft rot in ginger with biosurfactant produced by a rhizospheric Bacillus species: Biocontrol of Pythium aphanidermatum with biosurfactant
No full textPlant growth-promoting rhizobacteria benefit plants by producing phytohormones and acquiring vital nutrients from soil. They also form a shield against potential phytopathogens with the production of antimicrobial compounds such as bacteriocin, biosurfactants etc. In the present study, among various rhizobacteria isolated from ginger rhizosphere, the isolate identified as Bacillus altitudinis VS7 that showed a potent biosurfactant producing ability in the preliminary tests was selected for the further study. Compositional analyses indicated that the biosurfactant produced by VS7 was a surfactin like compound, a cyclic lipopeptide. In both microtitre plate and mycelium growth inhibition studies, the biosurfactant showed dose dependent antagonistic activities against Pythium aphanidermatum that causes soft rot in ginger. Although there are reports of biocontrol activity of various rhizobacteria against soft rot in ginger, this is the firstinformation regarding biocontrol activity of a biosurfactant produced by the rhizobacterium B. altitudinis VS7 against P. aphanidermatum
Domestic quarantine: An introspection and future perspectives on biosecurity interventions to contain pathogen spread in vegetatively propagated spices in India: Domestic quarantine in vegetatively propagated spices
No full textSafeguarding biodiversity poses a major challenge that warrants preventive legislative and regulatory frameworks to ensure biosecurity, preserve intrinsic biodiversity and mitigate risks from the invasion of exotic pathogenic microbes thereby sustaining agricultural productivity and food safety. The anthropogenic activities contribute enormously towards transboundary movement of invasive alien pathogens through trade and transport of seeds/propagation materials that need to be regulated by enacting appropriate laws and policy guidelines. Black pepper, cardamom, ginger, turmeric and vanilla are the major vegetatively propagated spices cultivated in India. Since primary spread of the major pathogens in these spices are mediated through planting materials, it is imperative to formulate guidelines for flawless and meticulous implementation of quarantine measures which are otherwise not adopted. This review discusses the significance of domestic quarantine in major vegetatively propagated spices with a comprehensive background on plant biosecurity and invasive plant pathogens which could pose threat to spice cultivation in India. It further illustrates the constraints and possible strategies to annihilate the cryptically disseminated pathogens through vegetative planting materials ultimately to safeguard our self-sustaining agricultural systems
Radioprotection by curcumin: A mini review: Radioprotection – Curcumin
No full textIonizing radiations are detrimental to the biological system. Exposure to ionizing radiations results in many chronic diseases including cancer. It may cause dysfunctions to almost all organs of the body depending on the total dose, duration and site of irradiation. Apart from its bad effect, radiotherapy is now extensively used for the treatment of several kinds of cancers. Still, the key disadvantage in the procedure is that normal cell, in the surrounding area of the tumor, also receiving radiation doses similar to the tumor, leads to undesirable side effects and risk to patients. Curcumin has been found to protect harmful effects of ionizing radiation. So, it can be beneficial during radiotherapy of cancer. Curcumin helps to kill tumor cells effectively by enhancing the effect of radiation. It also protects normal cells against the harmful effects of radiation. Pre clinical studies are expected to lead to clinical trials to prove the potential of this age-old golden spice for treating cancer patients. This review summarizes the protective effect of curcumin against harmful radiations