Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
Not a member yet
1089 research outputs found
Sort by
Multiple shoot regeneration in kokum and camboge
Get PDFKokum (Garcinia indica Choisy) and camboge (Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) Rob.), widely distributed in the Western Ghats remained neglected even though they are highly valued in South Indian cuisine and in traditional systems of medicine. Recently Garcinia has excited the scientific community for the indication that the fruit rind is the richest natural source of hydroxy citric acid, a potential anti obesity agent (Heymsfield et al. 1998; Muthulakshmi & Sarah 1999). The present paper deals with development of tissue culture protocols for multiplication of kokum and camboge
Changes in 14CO2 assimilate partitioning into primary photosynthetic metabolites in flowering and non-flowering rose (Rosa damascena Mill) plants
No full textChanges in 14CO2 assimilation into primary photosynthetic metabolites in developing leaves of flowering and non-flowering plants of rose have been investigated. Total 14C assimilated increased up to 4.5 h and then declined in flowering plants, while in non-flowering plants maximum assimilation was observed at 1.5 h and thereafter it steadily declined. First and second leaf (from apex) in flowering shoot assimilated maximum photosynthate which continued to increase with time, whereas second leaf of non-flowering plants assimilated maximum CO, which decreased with time. Maximum photosynthate translocation to flower occurred at 3 h after feeding. A significant portion of photosynthate remained untranslocated in stems of non-flowering plants. Within leaves, maximum metabolite labeled was sugars in flowering shoot at 1.5 h, which declined later, whereas amino acids and organic acids level increased upto 4.5 h. Very little metabolite remained untranslocated in stem. In non-flowering plants, level of these metabolites decreased with time, however high level of metabolites remained in stem. Contrasting and reverse pattern of carbon assimilation was observed between flowering and non-flowering shoots. In nonflowering shoot, sugars and amino acids contents were significantly negatively correlated, whereas a significant positive correlation was observed in flowering shoot. The flowering and non-flowering shoots significantly differed in partitioning of primary photosynthetic metabolites between leaf, stem and flower.
 
Evaluation of ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) introductions for growth, yield and quality
No full textFive ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) introductions (RA-6, HAJ-S-I, RA-2, RA-7 and RA-4) and a local cultivar were evaluated for their growth, yield and quality under alluvial zone of West Bengal (India). Among the introductions, RA-2 exhibited superiority over other introductions in respect of morphological characters such as plant height, number of primary branches per plant and number of leaves per plant and seed yield. The essential oil content was significantly higher in local cultivar (4.53%), while essential oil yield per hectare was significantly higher in RA-7 (14.50 kg) which was on par with RA-4 (14.13 kg).
 
Response of Coleus aromaticus to Glomus fasciculatum and other beneficial soil microflora
Get PDFStem cuttings of Coleus aromaticus were treated with vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (Glomus fasciculatum) and beneficial microorganisms viz., Bacillus coagulans, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Azotobacter chroococcum and Trichoderma harzianum either singly or in combination of organisms. The number of leaves and branches; total biomass, nitrogen and phosphorus contents were higher in plants treated with G. fasciculatum alone. Synergistic effect was noticed especially in plants treated with G. fasciculatum + P. fluorescens. Mycorrhizal colonization in roots was also maximum when V AM was applied alone.
 
Growth analysis of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) under various levels of farmyard manure and phosphorus
Get PDFField investigations were carried out during winter (rabi) season of 1996-97 and 1997-98 to study the effect of different levels of farmyard manure and phosphorus on growth of two fenugreek genotypes in sandy loam soils. The results indicated that genotype NLM was significantly superior to HM-65 in terms of plant height, LAI, LAD CGR and dry matter accumulation at all stages of crop growth, except at 30 DAS. These growth parameters in the genotype NLM resulted in higher seed yield. Plant height, LAI, LAD, CGR and dry matter accumulation were significantly higher with increase of FYM upto 15 t ha-1 at all stages of crop growth, except at 30 DAS. Seed yield was also enhanced significantly with the FYM up to 15 t ha-1. Increasing levels of phosphorus upto 40 kg ha-1 significantly increased the growth parameters and yield of fenugreek.
 
Studies on stomatal frequency and its relationship with leaf biomass and rhizome yield of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) genotypes
Get PDFStomatal frequencies of twelve turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) genotypes were recorded from different locations of both surfaces of the fourth, sixth and eighth nodal leaves. Turmeric leaves were amphistomatous having lower stomatal frequency in the upper surface (426.6 - 1773.7 sq. cm-1) and higher in the lower surface (7131.5 - 12,270.9 sq. cm-1) of the leaves. With a few exceptions, stomatal frequency of the leaves of the genotypes tested increased from fourth to eighth nodal position. The stomatal frequency of the genotypes either at the same location within leaf, at different locations within leaf or both leaf surfaces taken together did not vary significantly. The genotype TCP-9 had the highest stomatal frequency. However, stomatal frequency increased from base towards tip on both surfaces of the leaf, irrespective of the position of the leaf in all the genotypes. The stomatal frequency appeared significant and more positively correlated with rhizome yield than leaf dry weight in genotypes resistant to leaf blotch disease while in susceptible types it exhibited significant and negative correlation with leaf dry weight and rhizome yield.
 
Soil-site suitability evaluation for cardamom - A case study
Get PDFNineteen soil profiles representing seven soil series with sixteen mapping units were collected, described and mapped at Indian Institute of Spices Research, Cardamom Research Centre, Appangala, Madikeri, Karnataka for evaluating their suitability for cardamom cultivation. Soil and site properties such as climate, depth, slope, elevation, shade, texture, drainage, etc were compared with suitability criteria and the soils were assessed for growing cardamom. It is indicated that the well distributed rainfall of 1500-2000 mm with well drained conditions, a soil depth of more than 80 cm and 900-1200 m elevation support good crop of cardamom. The critical limit of Available Water Capacity was found to be 100 cm. Of the total area of the research station, 42 per cent area is highly suitable for cardamom cultivation. About 53 per cent of the area is moderately suitable and about 4 per cent is marginally suitable.
 
Evaluation of safed musH (Chlorophytum borivilianum Santapau & Fernandes) germplasm
Get PDFSafed musU (Ch 10 rophy tum borivilianum Santapau & Fernandes), an herbaceous plant belonging to the family liliaceae is mostly collected from wild sources as its tubers are in high demand in indigenous systems of medicine in the preparation of a aphrodesiac drug for curing general debility. Safed musH germplasm were evaluated for their performance. A large variability was observed in terms of morphological and yield attributing characters and tuber yield among the germplasm. CB/MS-6 gave highest number of leaves planrl (23.S), number of tubers planrl (10.2), tuber thickness (0.80 cm) and fresh (65.3 g planrl) and dry (S.5 g plant-I) tuber yield. Further, two distinct plant types (prostrate or spreading and erect) were observed among these accessions. Observations on the crop grown in farmer's field in different locations revealed the feasibility of its cultivation in semi arid areas of Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.
 
Chemical composition of the essential oil of bitter fennel (Foeniculum vulgare subsp. piperitum)
Get PDFThe composition of the essential oil obtained by steam distillation from seeds of bitter fennel (Foeniculum vulgare subsp. piperitum) was analysed by GC/MS. The presence of atleast seventeen compounds was demonstrated. They correspond to 99.95% of the oil. Methyl chavicol was the main constituent of the oil (47.09%), followed by limonene (29.07%), fenchone 03.43%), a-terpinene (2.5%), fenchyl acetate (exo) 0.95%) and cis-b-ocimene (1.41%). Trans-anethole was not detected. Therefore, it is concluded that the oil of Turkish bitter fennel is rich in methyl chavicol.
 
Response of turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val.) to in vivo and in vitro pollination
Get PDFSeed set and development were obtained through in vivo pollination in three combinations of short duration turmeric cultivars and these were not observed in crosses of medium duration cultivars and short x medium duration cultivars. The fruit developed after in vivo pollination was a thick walled trilocular capsule. It took 20-22 days for development and ripening. Arilled seeds are triangular with two seed coats. The seeds are filled with massive endosperm and the embryo is seen oriented towards the chalazal end of the seed. In the in vitro pollination studies, culture establishment and ovule development were obtained in half strength MS + NAA 0.5 mg l-1 with BAP and kinetin at 1 mg l-1 each. Among the various methods of pollination tried, ovule seed-l development was observed in the intra ovarian, placental and modified placental pollination techniques. In the in vitro developed seed, the endosperm development was not complete. The aforesaid in vitro techniques need refinement with respect to medium and other requirements for the germination of in vitro produced seeds.