Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
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Composition of the essential oils of Origanum majorana and O. vulgare subsp hirtum growing wild in Turkey
No full textThe chemical composition of the essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of Origanum majorana L. and O. vulgare L. from Turkey has been examined by GC-MS. A total of 34 and 37 components were identified accounting for 97.80% and 98.61% of the oils of both O. vulgare and O. majorana, respectively. The oil of O. majorana contained carvacrol (43.12%), (E)-b-ocimene (13.03%), p-cymene (11.38%), linalool (10.07%) and thymol (4.46%) as main components. Major components of the O. vulgare oil were identified as carvacrol (48.38%), p-cymene (19.93%), y-terpinene (16.29%), p-caryophyllene oxyde (1.92%), p-caryophyllene (1.16%), linalool (1.58%) and myrcene (1.32%). It is shown that carvacrol was the dominant constituent of both oils.
 
Influence of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium levels on growth, seed yield and essential oil content in anise (Pimpinella anisum L.)
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted to study the influence of three levels, each of nitrogen (0, 40 and 80 kg ha-1), phosphorus and potassium (each at 0, 30 and 60 kg ha-1) on growth, seed yield and essential oil content in anise at Horticultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore. The results of the study revealed significant differences among the treahnents with respect to growth, seed yield and essential oil content. The interaction of nitrogen at 80 kg ha-1, phosphorus and potassium each at 60 kg ha-1 was found to be significant, recording highest values for growth characters like plant height (62.47 cm), number of leaves (33.33) and total leaf area (653.27 cm2) per plant and yield parameters such as number of fruits per umbel (595.17), size of the umbel (38.93 cm2) and also seed yield (698 kg ha-1) compared to control (189 kg ha-1). This treatment also gave the highest essential oil yield of 24.41 kg ha-1.
 
Inheritance of giant mutant plant type in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
Get PDFThe inheritance of giant mutant plant type was worked out by evaluating F1, F2 and Fa generations in a cross (RMt-1 x Mutant) of fenugreek. On the basis of plant type in F1 and the segregation ratios in F2 and F3, it was concluded that the normal plant type of RMt-1 was controlled by a single dominant gene and mutant plant type by its recessive allele.
 
Yield losses due to powdery mildew disease in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted at Hisar during winter (rabi) of 1998-99 and 1999-2000 to assess the reduction in growth and yield parameters of two susceptible fenugreek: (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) varieties (HM 65 and T 8) due to powdery mildew disease caused by Erysiphe polygoni DC. and Leveillula taurica (Lev.) Arnaud. The disease had no significant effect on plant height and number of branches even at more than 80 per cent disease intensity. However, more than 60 per cent disease intensity significantly reduced the number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and test weight. Reductions of 22.8-25.6, 16.2-18.8 and 14.3-17.2 per cent pods per plant, seeds per pod and test weight, respectively were recorded in both the varieties when disease intensity was more than 80 per cent.
 
Variations in morphology, phenology and essential oil composition of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) germplasm accessions
No full textMorphology, phenology and essential oil composition variations were analysed in germplasm accessions of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), an important medicinal and aromatic crop. Significant variations were observed for morphological and essential oil traits. All the fourteen accession studied could be characterised as ten morphotypes ObC-A through ObC-J. Chemotypic indexing resulted in assigning three chemotypes namely, linalool, methyl chavicol and methyl cinnamate types on the basis of major oil component. Linalool chemotype could also be subgrouped into four subtypes as significant differences were observed in minor components too. Three phenological types were also defined based on genotype performance during different seasons.
 
Evaluation of biorationals against thrips (Sdothrips cardamomi Ramk.) and shoot and capsule borer (Conogethes punctiferalis Guen.) in cardamom
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of biorationals in the management of thrips and shoot and capsule borer of cardamom. Among the biorationals evaluated, fish oil insecticidal soap (FOIS) (Na) 2.5% + tobacco extract 2.5% significantly reduced the damage caused by thrips. None of the treatments is effective for the control of shoot and capsule borer infestation on the capsules and all the treatments were on par with the control. Spraying quinalphos (0.05%) reduced the damage caused by thrips (6%) and increased the yield (391 g plant-1). Foraging activity of honey bees was highest in control plots.
 
Analysis of spatial variability of turmeric (Curcuma longa L. syn. C. domestica Val.) yield in India
Get PDFThis paper examines the yield variability of turmeric in India. The data on maximum, minimum and mean fresh rhizome yield of 200 experiments from secondary sources of published research papers/reports were collected. These data were utilized with an objective to calculate summary statistics and to identify maximum and minimuln yields and yield differences obtained in each state. The summary statistics indicated that in India maximum yield ranged between 4.59 and 95.0 t ha-1 with a mean of 28.48 ± 14.29 t ha-1. The Ininimum yield ranged between 1.34 and 56.25 t ha-1 with a mean of 13.73 ± 18.60 t ha-1 and the mean yield ranged from 3.09 to 72.68 t ha-1 with a mean of 22.99 ±11.60 t ha-1. The maximum yield obtained in all the cases was due to adoption of improved produCtion techniques such as variety, manure and better crop management practices compared to minhnum yield of control treatment. The yield differences between maximum and minimum ranged from 6.69 to 93.50 t ha-1.
 
Changes in 14CO2 assimilate partitioning into primary photosynthetic metabolites in flowering and non-flowering rose (Rosa damascena Mill) plants
No full textChanges in 14CO2 assimilation into primary photosynthetic metabolites in developing leaves of flowering and non-flowering plants of rose have been investigated. Total 14C assimilated increased up to 4.5 h and then declined in flowering plants, while in non-flowering plants maximum assimilation was observed at 1.5 h and thereafter it steadily declined. First and second leaf (from apex) in flowering shoot assimilated maximum photosynthate which continued to increase with time, whereas second leaf of non-flowering plants assimilated maximum CO, which decreased with time. Maximum photosynthate translocation to flower occurred at 3 h after feeding. A significant portion of photosynthate remained untranslocated in stems of non-flowering plants. Within leaves, maximum metabolite labeled was sugars in flowering shoot at 1.5 h, which declined later, whereas amino acids and organic acids level increased upto 4.5 h. Very little metabolite remained untranslocated in stem. In non-flowering plants, level of these metabolites decreased with time, however high level of metabolites remained in stem. Contrasting and reverse pattern of carbon assimilation was observed between flowering and non-flowering shoots. In nonflowering shoot, sugars and amino acids contents were significantly negatively correlated, whereas a significant positive correlation was observed in flowering shoot. The flowering and non-flowering shoots significantly differed in partitioning of primary photosynthetic metabolites between leaf, stem and flower.
 
Evaluation of safed musH (Chlorophytum borivilianum Santapau & Fernandes) germplasm
Get PDFSafed musU (Ch 10 rophy tum borivilianum Santapau & Fernandes), an herbaceous plant belonging to the family liliaceae is mostly collected from wild sources as its tubers are in high demand in indigenous systems of medicine in the preparation of a aphrodesiac drug for curing general debility. Safed musH germplasm were evaluated for their performance. A large variability was observed in terms of morphological and yield attributing characters and tuber yield among the germplasm. CB/MS-6 gave highest number of leaves planrl (23.S), number of tubers planrl (10.2), tuber thickness (0.80 cm) and fresh (65.3 g planrl) and dry (S.5 g plant-I) tuber yield. Further, two distinct plant types (prostrate or spreading and erect) were observed among these accessions. Observations on the crop grown in farmer's field in different locations revealed the feasibility of its cultivation in semi arid areas of Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.
 
Variability assessment in M7-lines of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
Get PDFThe variability in 29 M-lines derived from gamma radiation at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 Kr dose along with three checks namely, RMt-1, RMt-143 and a local cultivar of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) was estimated. Significant variability was recorded for days to flowering, plant height, pods per plant, seeds per pod, test weight, seed yield per plot, protein content and the incidence of powdery mildew disease. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were observed for protein content, pods per plant, seed yield per plot and branches per plant. High broad sense heritability (>74%) coupled with high genetic advance (>31 %) was recorded for protein content and pods per plant. Among the 29 M,-lines, No. 20 (551-1) exhibited superiority over all the three checks and other lines, indicating the necessity for further evaluation of this line.