Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
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Effect of plant growth regulators on yield parameters, yield and quality of black pepper (Piper nigram L.) variety Panniyur-1
Get PDFExperiments conducted at Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam and Horticultural Research Station, Thadiankudisai (TNAU) to study the effect of different plant growth regulators (NAA, GA3, BA and 2,4-D) indicated that spraying NAA (50 ppm) has improved many commercially desirable parameters like number of berries per spike, volume and weight of berries and yield in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). Benefit cost ratio, however, was the highest in the treatment 2,4-D (10 ppm). The high cost of chemicals outweighed the yield except in the case of 2,4-D.
 
Survival of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the causal organism of anthracnose disease of black pepper
Get PDFSurvival of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz) Penz., & Sacco the causal organism of anthracnose disease of black pepper was studied at the College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Trivandrum, Kerala. The naturally infected black pepper leaves and spikes of the variety Karimunda collected from black pepper gardens were buried in soil and another set kept in brown paper bags under laboratory conditions to study the mode of survival of the fungus. Samples were taken from these two sets periodically and plated on PDA. Viable colonies of C. gloeosporioides were obtained up to 90 days in the case of infected plant parts buried in the soil and up to 150 days in the case of infected materials kept in paper bags. The results indicate that the black pepper anthracnose fungus can survive on the infected leaves and spikes or in the soil and hence warrants strict phytosanitation to reduce the disease incidence.
 
Panicle and bark oils of a variant of Cinnamomum bejolghota (Buch-Ham) Sweet. from North East India
Get PDFEssential oils obtained by hydro-distillation of panicle and bark of Cinnamomum bejolghota (BuchHam) Sweet. Variant II, growing in Upper Brahmaputra valley region in Assam, India were investigated by GC and GC-MS. Twenty seven and 23 components accounting 98.52% and 81.60% in the oils of panicle and bark, respectively, were identified. Linalool (65.00%) was the major component in the panicle oil. The predominent components in the bark oil were a -terpineol (23.30%), linalool (14.40%) and p-cymene (13.90%). The chemical composition of the oils, on comparison with those reported for C. bejolghota, exhibited the natural existence of four chemotype sources for the species from North East India.
 
Correlation and path analysis in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)
No full textStudies on nineteen characters of eight turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) genotyoes revealed that plant height, leaf number, number of primary fingers, number and weight of secondary fingers had positive genotypic correlation while length of primary fingers, internode length and ratio of outer and inner core of primary fingers had significant negative association with rhizome yield. The number and weight of secondary rhizomes exhibited higher positive correlation with yield than other characters. Path analysis indicated higher direct positive effect of weight of primary and mother rhizomes but insignificant correlation with rhizome yield due to higher indirect negative effect of some of the component characters. On the contrary, the number of primary fingers had the highest direct negative effect on rhizome yield, but significantly positive correlation with it, apparently due to high positive indirect effect via weight of primary and mother rhizomes and number of secondary rhizomes. The importance of plant height, leaf number, number of primary fingers, number and weight of secondary fingers as criteria for selection of bitter turmeric genotypes has been indicated.
 
Genetic distance in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) for essential oil yield and yield traits
Get PDFGenetic association and distances were assessed in a collection of 15 Indian accessions of coriander, consisting of 8 land races and 7 cultivars, on the basis of seven economic plant traits including essential oil content and oil yield. The study revealed that genetic distance in the material was substantial with the D2 values ranging from 37.4 (between the genotypes C-2 and DH-5) to 1309 (between the genotypes C-1 and RCr-20). The genotypes clubbed into 8 clusters. The genetic diversity was found to be independent of the geographical diversity of the genotypes. Considered together, the results of genetic association and D2 analysis revealed that the variation in seed yield was the most prominent force accounting for both variations in oil yield and genetic distance in the material. The study suggested that improvement in this crop would be possible by exercising selection for oil yield, seed yield and their associated traits viz. oil content and umbellets per umbel. The results of D2 values and cluster means permitted rational selection of 5-33 and C-1, RCr-41 and PD-1, potent genorypes with complementary characters in morphological fitnesses for yield and its associated traits, for effective cross hybridization programme.
 
Yield and nutrient rontent of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) in responu to sources of P ilnd levels of P and N
Get PDFThe highest yield of chilli dry pods (2770 kg ha-1) was obtained by the application of 120, 60 and 35 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1. The response to N and P application was linear up to 120 and 60 kg ha-1 N and P2O5, respectively. The protein content of dry pod increased in the higher levels of N and the highest value (12.2.5%) was recorded at 120 kg ha-1. N and P application increased protein and mineral contents of dry pods. Among the sources of P, rock phosphate registered maximum calcium content compared to single super phosphate. The efficiency of incubated rock phosphate was similar to that of single super phosphate. However, rock phosphate with phosphobacteria did not enhance yield. Farm yard manure incubated rock phosphate proved to be a cheaper source of phosphatic fertilizer for soils with higher pH (>8).
 
Influence of nitrogen and potassium on growth, yield and oil content of Kaempferia galanga L.
No full textAn experiment to study the effect of nitrogen and potassium on growth and yield of kaempferia (Kaempferia galanga L.) under the shade of Arjun (Terminalia arjuna) plantation was carried out. Increased application of nitrogen and potassium significantly improved the leaf number, leaf area and dry matter accumulation. Higher dose of nitrogen (40 kg ha-1) and potassium (20 kg ha-1) significantly increased the rhizome yield and oil content. Amongst the various interactions, application of 40 kg nitrogen in combination with 20 kg potassium per hectare gave maximum yield (10.24 t ha-1).
 
Influence of shade regimes on photosynthetic rate and stomatal characters of ginger (Zingiber officinale R.)
No full textThe study conducted in the influence of shade regimes on photosynthetic rate and stomatal characters of ginger (Zingiber officinale R.) indicated that the highest photosynthetic rate was in plants grown under open condition followed by plants grown at 20 to 40 per cent shade levels. Regression coefficient analysis demonstrated that photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, stomatal index and stomatal frequency significantly reduced linearly with increasing level of shade, whereas stomatal resistance increased linearly with increasing level of shade. The enhanced rhizome yield under low levels of shade (20 and 40 per cent) copared to open condition (where photosynthetic rate was maximum) may be mainly due to the higher leaf area resulted in the plants grown under 20 and 40 per cent shade levels.
 
Influence of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth and yield of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)
No full textA nutritional trial on turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) variety Suvarna, conducted with three levels of nitrogen (45, 60 and 75 kg ha-1) and three levels of potassium (90, 120 and 150 kg ha-1) at Horticulture Research Farm, Allahabad Agricultural Institute, indicated that the growth and yield potential of the crop under Allahabad agro climatic condition can be increased by applying NPK at the rate of 75 : 60 : 150 kg ha-1.
 
Comparative perfonnance of menthol mint (Mentha arvensis L. f. piperascens Malinvaud ex Holmes) cultivars in semi-arid tropical climate
No full textBiomass yield, quantity and quality of essential oil of three menthol mint (Mentha arvensis f. piperascens) cultivars namely, Kosi, Shivalik and Himalaya grown in red sandy Joam (alfisol) soil in semi-arid tropical climate of South India, were compared. Cultivars Kosi (15.9 t ha-1) and Shivalik (15.4 t ha-1) recorded similar biomass, which were superior to that of cultivar Himalaya (14.1 t ha-1). Cultivar Kosi produced the highest essential oil yield (140.5 kg ha-1), which was 16.6% and 31.1% higher than the yields of cultivars Shivalik (120.4 kg ha-1) and Himalaya (107.2 kg ha-1), respectively. All the three cultivars yielded good quality essential oils having menthol (77.2% in cv. Kosi; 76.3% in cv. Shivalik; 75.5% in cv Himalaya) as their main constituent. Based on the result, cultivar Kosi is highly promising for commercial cultivation in red soils in the semiarid tropical climate of South India.