Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
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Effect of varieties and spacings on growth, yield and quality of patchouli (Pogostemon patchouli Pellet.)
Get PDFTwo varieties of patchouli (Pogostemon patchouli Pellet.) were evaluated at different plant densities. The experiment consisted of eight treatments comprising the varieties Johore and Java and four spacings (60 x 60, 60. x 45, 45 x 45 and 45 x 30 cm). The results revealed significant differences in performances of varieties at different spacings. Java variety was more robust and yielded higher dry herbage compared to Johore. However Johore yielded more oil content (2.7%) and higher patchouli alcohol (44.7%) as compared to Java (1.4% & 34.5%, respectively). Among the different spacings, Java recorded higher cumulative dry herbage (4.21 t ha-1) and oil yield (60.65 I ha-1) under 60 x 45 cm spacing, where as 45 x 45 cm spacing was found to be the best for Johore, recording more cumulative dry herbage (3.15 t ha-1) and oil yield (86.52 t ha-1).
 
Optimum planting time and row spacing for bergamot mint (Mentha citrata Ehrh.) var. 'Kiran' under sub tropical plains of central Uttar Pradesh
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted at CIMAP farm, Lucknow during 1997-98 to find out the optimum planting time and row spacing for newly developed variety JKiran' of bergamot Inint (Mentha citrata Ehrh.). The crop planted on 15 and 30 December produced higher total herb yield (356 and 349 q ha-1) but maximum oil yield (167 kg ha-1 )was obtained from 30 January planting. Planting at a closer row spacing of 45 or 60 cm produced higher herb and oil yield than wider row spacing of 75 cm. Planting of bergmnot mint in the end of January at a row spacing of 60 cm is suggested for maximum oil production from crop grown for two harvests. However, for a single harvest, planting in mid February is suggested to enable the farmers to grow bergamot mint in rotation with winter season crops such as potato, mustard and vegetables and also rainy season crops after the harvest of bergamot mint.
 
Varietal diallel analysis for yield and yield related traits in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)
Get PDFA half diallel of ni ne genetica lly diverse va rieties was made and resulting 36 Fl populations along with the parents were evaluated during rabi 1997-98. The analysis of variance indicated that heterosis was s ignificant for all the characters, except for branches per plant. The heterosis components were also significant for most of the traits studied. Specific heterosis component accounted for more than 50% of the overall heterosis, indicating complex type of inheritance for seed yield and its component traits. The crosses UP (M)-1 x UF-134, RF-125 x JP-29 and UF-90 x HF-7J exhibited significant and positive heterobeltiosis for seed yield per plant.
 
Detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in ginger rhizomes using post-enrichment NCM-ELISA
No full textBacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is an important production constraint in ginger. The pathogen is seed rhizome borne and the low level of inoculum is very difficult to be detected and monitored by conventional methods. Pathogen detection and selection of healthy planting material is an important prerequisite for the production of a healthy crop of ginger in the field. In the present work we have evaluated the suitability of NCM-ELISA kit, developed at International Potato Center (Crp), Lima, Peru, for detecting bacterial wilt pathogen in ginger. The result indicated that the antibodies developed at crp for potato strain of R. solanacearum was sensitive enough to detect R. solanacearum from ginger, chilli, Chromolaena and tomato. The sensitivity of the kit was determined to be 42 cells per ml of ginger extract when ELISA was performed after enrichment in selective medium. We have also tested the specificity of antibodies and found that the antibodies were specific for R. solanacearu111 .. The extraction protocol (citrate buffer at pH 5.6) developed for potato was found to be suitable for ginger also.
 
Management of coriander wilt using biocontrol agents
Get PDFA replicated field trial on biocontrol of coriander wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f., sp. coriander; was conducted in kharif season during 1995-96, 1996-97 and 1997-98 in the Department of Spices and Plantation Crops, Horticultural College and Research Institute, TNAU, Coimbatore. Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride at 4 g kg-1 of seed was found to be more effective in reducing the wilt incidence to 5.3 per cent as against 28.3 per cent recorded in untreated, control plots in all the three years. The mean yield (387.5 kg ha-1) for all the three years was also significantly higher in seed treatment with T. viride as against very low yield (162 kg ha-1) obtained in untreated plots. The cost benefit ratio was also enhanced with the same treatment.
 
Effect of spacing and manuring on growth, yield and nutrient content of Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd.
No full textExperiment contected at research farm of the Aromatic and Medicinal Plant Research Station, Odakkali during 1996-1999 to find out the effect of different spacing and manurin on growth, yield and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration in Alpinia galanga revealed that the optimum spacing for maximum rhizome and oil yield was 40 x 30 cm. Application of FYM at 20 t ha-1 year-1 produced significantly higher rhizome yield, followed by NPK at 100 : 50 : 50 kg ha-1 year-1. Oil recovery was unaffected by these treatments.
 
Genetic variability for clonal selection in Java citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt.)
No full textJava citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt.) grass is one of the important aromatic plants of South Asia. Its oil is used extensively as a source of important perfumery chemicals. The nature and amount of genetic variability and stability factor, among 34 diverse accessions of Java citronella assembled from different states of India and Sri Lanka were estimated based on 14 quantitative and qualitative traits. The heritability in broad sense (h2 BS %) was generally high for all the traits (91.02 - 98.96%). However, it was medium for leaf length (71.40%) and plant height (71.61%) and low for citronellal content (10.65%) and oil yield (40.57 %). Generally clones were highly unstable for elernol content (SPi = 28.67), followed by herb yield (SPi = 14.67), oil yield (SFi = 10.50), citronellal content (SPi = 8.18), citronellol content (SFi = 7.20), gerenyl acetate (SPi = 3.77), tillers planrl (SFi = 3.47) and geraniol content (SPi = 3.07). However, leaf width (SFi = 1.68) and leaf length (SPi = 1.85) were found stable to some extent. The plant height (SPi ~ 2.31) followed by lilnonene content (SPi = 2.4), oil content (SFi = 2.6) and citronellyI acetate (SFi = 2.96) were moderately stable. Based on the magnitude of stability factors and different genetic parameters, clone Nos. 10, 20 and 3 for high biomass; 28, 30 and 2 for high oil and I, 9 and 12 for high oil and citronellol content were identified for commercial exploitation.
 
Variation in oil and its major constituents due to season and stage of the crop in Java citronella (Cymhopogon winterianus Jowitt.)
Get PDFVariations in citronella oil and its major constituents due to seasonal changes and stage of the crop were studied for three years under the climatic conditions of Jorhat, Assam. Rainfall, temperature .. sunshine and relative humidity have cumulative effect on the oil yield and its major constituents namely, citronellal, citronellol and geraniol. Post monsoon months were seemed to be favourable, contributing higher oil yield. Citronellal content was higher during September (44.3%) and October (45.7%). It was observed that light rainfall (100 to 200 mm), moderate temperature (20-30oC), sunshine hours of 5 to 6 hours and high humidity (90-95%) wet:e the favourable meteorological ,parameters for higher oil yield and citronellal content in citronella oiL Growing period or stage of crop growth also had profound effect on the oil yield and citronellal content. Older crop with highly matured leaves found to yield higher oil and less citronella!. Alcohol content in citronella oil was not affected by seasonal variation. However, total alcohol percentage was found to reduce, while aldehyde percentage increased.
 
Effect of different phosphoms sources and soil amendments on the yield and quality of aswagandh (Withania somnifera Dunal) under acid soils
Get PDFTrials were conducted in acid soil at Yercaud (Tamil Nadu, India) with the objective of identifying the ideal source of phosphorus and soil amendment in aswagandh (Withania somnifera Dunal) in acid soils. Application of 60 kg ha-1 P205 as rock phosphate along with dolamite (5.688 t ha-1) for increasing the yield resulted in the highest dry root yield of 814.5 kg ha-1 in the present study. There was also an improvement in the total withanolides content due to the application of dolomite and rock phosphate.
 
Effect of nitrogen and irrigation regimes on the yield and quality of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
Get PDFField experiments were conducted at Bangalore, to study the effect of nitrogen and irrigation reghnes on growth, herbage, yield and quality of oil of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Application of nitrogen at 200 kg ha-1 significantly increased the plant height, plant spread, herbage and oil yield compared with control (no nitrogen). Irrigation at 0.75 IW : CPE ratio (irrigation water : cumulative pan evaporation) increased the plant spread, herbage and oil yield compared with that of 0.25 IW : CPE ratio. Oil content and quality were not influenced by nitrogen and irrigation regime. Water use efficiency (WUE) was maximum at 0.25 IW : CPE ratio (0.337 kg oil ha-1 mm-1 water used) compared with 0.75 IW : CPE ratio (0.196 kg oil ha-1 mm-1 water used). Similarly nitrogen application increased the water use efficiency compared with that of control.