Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
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Evaluation of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) germplasm for production and quality
Get PDFSeventy four fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) accessions along with check varieties RF-101 and RF-125 were evaluated for yield and yield attributing characters. Eight promising accessions for seed yileld were then evaluated for volatile oil content. The oil content of three most promising acceSSIOns along with check varieties were analyzed on a CLC. The accession, UF-178, exhibited superiority over other accessions in respect of yield attributing characters such as branches plant-1, seeds umbel-1 and seed yield. UF-177 was found to be superior with respect to volatile oil content as well as volatile oil yield. UF-177 has the least fenchone content among the three. UF-179 was having maximum anethole content, which was found to be at par with variety RF-101. These three accessions may be exploited in breeding programmes for production and quality.
 
Pollen viability and stigma receptivity in vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews)
Get PDFPollen viability and stiglna receptivity period before and after complete flower opening was studied by hand pollinating the flowers/flower buds with its own pollen and fresh viable pollen. Based on the results, the pollen viability periods were 23 h before complete flower opening and 16 h 30 min after complete flower opening. The stigma receptivity periods were 41 h before complete flower opening and 17 h after complete flower opening under hill zone conditions.
 
Influence of different phosphorus sources and zinc spray on yield and quality of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) under acid soils
No full textTrials were conducted to identify the suitable form of phosphorus and optimum spray concentration of zinc for increasing yield of black pepper under acid soil conditions of Yercaud (Tamil Nadu, India). The results indicated that soil application of 40 g P2O5 vine-1 as rock phosphate along with spraying of ZnSO4 (0.5%) increased dry pepper yield (9.21 kg vine-1) and oleoresin content (12.34%).
 
Genetic variability and associations in shankha pushpi (Convolvulus microphyllus Siebe ex. Spreng)
Get PDFNature and amount of genetic variability, co-heritability, path-coefficients and associations were studied on eight economic traits in 52 genetic stocks of Shankha pushpi assembled from different states of India. Genotypic correlation was larger than phenotypic correlation for most of the traits. Days to 50% flowering was significantly and positively correlated with length of main branch and herb yield (g plot-1) at both genotypic and phenotypic levels but it was negatively correlated with leaf width at environmental level. Spread area and herb yield (g plot-t) were also significant and positively associ a ted at both genotypic and phenotypic levels but it was negatively associated with the main branch length at environmental level. Positive association was also recorded between main branch length and leaf width at genotypic level only. Negative associations were observed between primary branches and leaf width, leaf length and herb yield (g plot-1). All traits exhibited high heritability h2 (BS) (96.34-99.24%) except leaf width (37.02%) and days to 50% flowering (71.96%). Genetic advance was high for only spread area and herb yield (g plot-1). Highest direct contribution to herb yield was by days to 50% flowering (0.319) and spread area (0.245) followed by primary branches plant-1 (0.052) and main branch length (0.033). Days to 50% flowering indirectly contributed maximum to herb yield by main branch length. The association between spread area and leaf width showed maximum co-heritability (1.135) followed by that between leaf length and leaf width (1.114) and primary branches plant-1 and leaf width (1.072) and hence these traits may form a good selection criteria for improvement of herb yield
Preliminary sceening of indigenous collections of turmeric against shoot borer (Conogethes punctiferalis Guen.) and scale insect (Aspidiella hartii Sign.)
No full textThe incidence of shoot borer (Conogethes punctiferalis Guen.) and scale insect (Aspidiella hartii Sign.) was scored subjectively on 0-9 scale in an indigenous collection of 489 accessions under field epiphytotic conditions at Vellanikkara, Thrissur during 2001 cropping season. The collections belonged to 21 morphotypic groups of turmeric from different agroclimatic conditions in India. Morphotypic group wise incidence of shoot borer indicated that the lowest incidence of mean score 2 was observed in morphotype 2 followed by 2.6 in morphotype 14. Lowest scale insect incidence of 0.5 was scored in morphotype 6. Eighty accessions were free of scale insect but were susceptible to shoot borer. Maximum susceptibility to the scale insect was noticed in the case of IC 137023 and IC 88895. A total of 22 accessions were tolerant to shoot borer with <3 score.
 
Growth inhibition in Rhizoetonia bataticola and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacerum by herbal oils
Get PDFOils extracted from six medicinal plants viz., mentha (Mentha arvensis), ocimum (Ocimum sanctum), lemongrass (Cympobogan flexuosus), citronella (Cympobogan winternus), turmeric (Curcuma longa) and palmarosa (Cympobogan martinii) were tested under in vitro condition for their antifungal and antibacterial properties. Mentha, ocilnum, palmarosa and lemongrass oil exhibited 100% inhibition of Rhizoctonia bataticola at 1 and 2% concentrations, whereas citronella oil recorded 100% inhibition at 2% concentration. Turmeric oil was found to be less effective against Rhizoctonia. Mentha oil showed the highest (17 mm) inhibition zone against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacerum followed by ocimum oil (12 mm). The studies showed that mentha oil possessed very high inhibitory effects on fungi and bacteria.
 
Inheritance of powdery mildew resistance and growth habit in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
Get PDFInheritance of resistance to powdery mildew was studied by evaluating parents, F1 and F2 generations of cross UM-305 x UM-117 along with susceptible check varieties over the years for powdery mildew reaction. The F3 and F4 families of the cross were also evaluated along with the F1, parents and the check varieties for powdery mildew' reaction to confirm the results. X2 test was applied to test the fitness of assumed ratio. The inheritance pattern suggested resistance to powdery mildew was monogenic recessive. Results indicated that gene for powdery mildew resistance and gene for determinate growth habit assort independent of each other.
 
Genetic association in fennel grown on sodic soil
Get PDFCorrelation and path analysis of 30 genotypes of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) grown in sodic soils of Banthra Research Station of NBRI, Lucknow, India, were worked out. Results showed significant genotypic association of seed yield with plant height and stover yield. The stover yield had a positive direct path with seed yield followed by branches plant-1. Plant height exhibited significant positive genotypic association with all the traits, which suggests that plant height is mainly responsible for increase of each trait, ultimately contributing in the enhancement of seed yield. The plant height, number of branches per plant and stover yield were found important components to build an ideal plant type to increase seed yield. Hence selection should be based on these traits.
 
Repeatability of nut yield in nutmeg
No full textAn investigation was made to study the repeatability of nut yield in 34 nutmeg geneotypes under Maharashtra conditions. Remarkable variation for nut yield was recorded among genotypes. The mean sum of squares of variation between genotypes was predominantly larger than within genotypes. The magnitudes of repeatability were relatively low but the upper confidence limits were reasonably high. The study suggested that, in nutmeg yield recorded over a wider period is more consistent than single yield records at early stages. The genotypes N42, N72, N41 and N37 were found to have potential for nut yield.
 
Pigmentation and growth-temperature response of Phytophthora meadii and P. nicotianae var. nicotianae infecting cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton)
Get PDFCapsule rot ('Azhukal') and leaf blight are two major Phytophthora diseases of small cardamom (EZettaria cardamom Maton). Variability among the Phytophthora isolates causing these diseases were studied using Phytophthora cultures isolated from rot affected plant parts such as capsules, rhizomes, leaf and also from blight affected leaves collected from different locations. Detailed studies on growth of these cultures in different media and at different temperatures showed significant difference between these' isolates. P. meadii did not cause any pigmentation in casein hydrolysate tyrosine agar (Timmer's medium) and the fungus did not grow at high lemperature while P. nicotianae var. nicotianae showed chocolate reddish brown pigmentation in casein hydrolysate tyrosine agar and did grew at high temperature. Therefore pigmentation in casein hydrolysate tyrosine agar and growth at high temperature were found ideal for differentiating Phytophthora isolates infecting cardamom.