Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
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Correlation and path analysis in ginger (Zingiber officinale Rose.)
Get PDFTwelve morphological characters recorded from 40 genotypes of ginger were subjected to correlation and path analysis. The results revealed that all characters studied have positive correlation with yield and direct selection based on leaflet number, rhizome length and thickness of secondary rhizome could help to improve the yield. The lowest residual effect indicates the optiInistic nature of the characters taken for the study.
 
IISR Mahima and IISR Rejatha - two high yielding and high quality ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) varieties
Get PDFIISR Mahima (Acc. 117) and IISR Rejatha (Acc. 35), developed through selection from germplasm at the Indian Institute of Spices Research, Calicut are good quality, high yielding ginger varieties. Maturing in 200 days, IISR Mahima has given an average yield of 23.2 t ha-1 (fresh) with a dry recovery of 23%, essential oil 1.72%, oleoresin 4.48% and fibre content 3.26%. Rhizomes of Mahima are bold and this variety is resistant to root-knot nematode also. IISR Rejatha is a medium duration, bold variety with an average yield of 22.4 t ha-1 (fresh), dry recovery 19%, essential oil 2.36%, oleoresin 6.34% and fibre content 4.0%.
 
Yield forecasting in cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton) plantations under intensive management
Get PDFA study was undertaken to develop a model for forecasting the yield in cardamom plantations under intensive management. Thirteen biometrical characters namely tillers per clump, tiller height leaves per tiller, vegetative buds per clump, bearing tillers per clump, panicles per clump, panicle length, racemes per panicle, capsules per raceme, seeds per capsule, leaf length, leaf breadth and recovery percentage were chosen as explana tory variables and they exhibited a precision of about 82%. Step down regression resulted in the retention of only four characters namely, panicles per clump, racemes per panicle, capsules per raceme and leaf breadth with which yield can be estimated with around 77% precision.
 
Antibacterial activity of Piper nigrum, Coriandrum sativum, Trigonella foenum-graecum and Ferula narthex
Get PDFThe antibacterial activity of water and acetone extracts of black pepper, coriander, fenugreek and asafoetida was tested against six clinically important bacteria namely Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp., Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A, by disc diffusion method, in the lawn culture of the organisms in nutrient agar. E. coli was found to be susceptible to all the extracts, except the water extract of black pepper. The growth of S. fyphi and S. pomtyphi A was also inhibited by various extracts. Thus our resul ts support the evidence that spices, not only provide flavour to food, but also check the growth of some of the undesirable bacteria.
 
Breeding derivatives with desirable traits using chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) stocks and popular varieties
Get PDFIn chilli, four agronomically desirable characters viz., compact plant type, eluster fruit character, upright fruit position and destalkness were transferred from three chilli stocks using as male parent to four popular South Indian varieties using as female parent. The genes controlling the above four characters known to be monogenic and recessive in nature were transferred by selfing and screening the backcross progenies. The rate of expression of the genes responsible for the upright fruit position and clusterness were higher than the compact plant type and destalkness. Inheritance pattern of the four characters was studied to confirm the genes transferred from the chilli stocks to the popular varieties,
 
Studies on genotypic response of nutmeg to softwood grafting
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted to study the success rate of softwood grafting in 22 female, 12 hermaphrodite and S male nutmeg genotypes. The variation among genotypes for sprouting, survival and growth parameters was statistically significant. The magnitudes of GeV, pev, habitability and genetic advance were low for sprouting and survival of nutmeg grafts. The graft survival has strong negative correlation with leaf width. Maximum graft sprouting was associated with the faster production of new leaves with less breadth and longer petiole. The genotypes, N66, N24, N61, Nl, NS, N29, N38 and N49 gave the best response to grafting.
 
Genetics of earliness in fenugreek under powdery mildew inoculated and natural environments
Get PDFInheritance of days to flower and maturity in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) was studied using six generations (P1, P2, FI, F2, B1 and B2) of a cross between HM 350 (early) and HM65 (late) in two different environments ie. inoculated with conidia of powdery mildew disease (E1) and normal (E2). Partial dominance was observed for both the traits under both the environments. The variances of F2 and backcross generations revealed the predominance of non-additive gene action. Genetic analysis suggested that generally all types of epistatic effects were significant for both the traits studied in one environment or another. Intermating of selects in early generations has been suggested for further improvement in these traits.
 
Genetic variability in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) grown under mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh
No full textThirty nine accessions of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) were collected from different parts of the country and evaluated under mid-hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh. The coefficient of variation was high for economic yield and biological yield in these accessions. Heritability in broad sense was high for plant height, seed vigour and pods plant-1 while moderate for 1000-seed weight, branches plant-1, total seedling length and germination percentage. Economic yield, biological yield and pod length exhibited low heritability. Genetic advance as percentage of mean was comparatively high for biological yield, economic yield and pods plant-1.
 
Effect of rock phosphate, single super phosphate and their mixtures with FYM on yield, quality and nutrient uptake by turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) in acid alfisol of Meghalaya
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted for two years on a P deficient Typ'ic Hapll/dllljof Meghalaya to study the effectiveness of rock phospha te (RP), Single Super Phosphate (SSP) and their mixtures along with FYM on turmeric. Application of P as RP or SSP alone or their Inixtures with FYM significantly increased the rhizome yield over control. There was a 50 per cent increase in rhizome yield due to FYM application. Maximum Nand P uptake, curcumin content and Phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) were recorded in RP+SSP (1:3) + FYM treatment. Post harvest analysis of soil samples indicated that soil pH was marginally reduced with FYM application while organic carbon, ECEC and available P contents increased.
 
Genotypic differences in seed yield, K : Na ratio and leaf metabolism of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) under salt stress
Get PDFResponses of five genotypes (UC-198, UC-220, UC-223, RZ-19 and RZ-209) of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) irrigated with water having two levels of salinity (0.2 and 10 dSm-1) on shoot dry weight, seed yield, K : Na ratio and leaf metabolism at the flowering stage were studied. Increased salinity significantly reduced seed yield and shoot dry matter in all the genotypes. However, RZ-19 displayed higher salt tolerance than UC-198 and RZ-209 whereas UC-220 and UC-223 showed intermediate tolerance to salinity in terms of seed weight and shoot dry matter. Adverse effects of salinity on the levels of total chlorophyll, soluble protein, free amino acids, starch, reducing sugars and nitrate reductase activity were consistently less in tolerant genotype RZ-19 as compared to sensitive genotypes, UC-198 and RZ-209. Moreover sensitive genotypes had higher concentration of Na and lower concentration of K and consequently lower K : Na ratio under salt stress as compared to the tolerant genotype. These differential genotypic responses have been discussed in the light of the present knowledge.