Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
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Response of garlic (Allium sativum L.) to phosphorous and sulphur application in acid alfisol of Meghalaya
Get PDFIn a field experiment with three levels of P (0, 50 and 100 kg P20 S ha-1) and four levels of 5 (0, 10, 15 and 20 kg 5 ha-1) on a P and 5 deficient Typic HapludalJ of Meghalaya, the bulb and straw yield, nutrient uptake and protein content of garlic increased significantly with increasing levels of P and S application. The available P and 5 content in post harvest soil increased significantly with P and S application. The interaction effects of P and S were significant for bulb yield, N, P and S uptake and available P and S in post harvest soil and their highest values were recorded with Pmo 520 treatment combination. P use efficiency increased with 5 levels and was higher at P 50 as compared to Pwo level. S use efficiency increased with increasing levels of P and S. Maximum P and S use efficiency were recorded with P 50S20 and P 100S20 treatment combinations, respectively.
 
Compatibility of legumes, an aromatic crop and a cereal as intercrops in palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii Stapf.)
Get PDFTo utilize the crop growth resources (space, time, water and nutrient) more efficiently during the initial stage, a field experiment was conducted during 1999-2000 in the semi-arid tropical climate of Bangalore, India to explore the feasibility of intercropping (food legumes, aromatic crop and cereal) in palmarosa. The intercropping combination palmarosa + basil resulted in the lnaximum (17%) increase in land use efficiency followed palmarosa + blackgram and palmarosa + soybean (16% each) and palmarosa + maize (5%). Palmarosa yield was not influenced by inter cropping system. Maximum net return was obtained with palmarosa + basil (Rs. 83635 ha-1) followed by palmarosa + blackgram (Rs. 83340 ha-1) and palmarosa + maize was the least remunerative inter cropping system (Rs. 68960 ha-1).
 
Processing and quality of black pepper - a review
No full textProcessing of pepper involves different unit operations such as threshing, blanching, drying, cleaning, grading and packaging. these operations are important to ensure clean and quality products. Various mechanical gadgets available for threshing, cleaning, drying, etc. are reviewed. A wide range of threshers with a capacity ranging from 50 to 1200 kg ha-1 are available. However, some of the threshers and cleaners need improvisation for commercial acceptability. Cleanliness and quality standards like Agmark, standards prescribed by American Spice Trade Association (ASTA) and European Spice Association (ESA) are reviewed. Different methods for preparation of value added products like dehydrated green pepper, canned green pepper, white pepper, ground pepper, pepper oil, etc. have also been covered in this review.
 
Clonal variability in black pepper hybrid Panniyur 1
Get PDFForty two clones of twenty year old Panniyur 1 plants, grown as a monocrop of black pepper, were analyzed for variations in yield contributing factors as well as quality paralTIeters over a period of three years. The analysis of the data has revealed that the plants exhibited considerable amount of variability for characters under study and the standard deviation was lnore for berries spike-1 and yield. Among the quality characteristics, oleoresin exhibited more variability than piperine. From the non hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis it is observed that the plants can be clustered ideally in to five clusters based on their mean performance. The intra and inter cluster distance was more for cluster number 4, which later culminated in Inaximuln nUlnber of plants (13) having high yield and oleoresin.
 
Evaluation of early generation progenies, (F2) of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) crosses for seed yield and yield related characters
Get PDFF2 generation of five crosses of fenugreek were evaluated for seed yield and its components along with parents. F2 generation had wider range than the parents for most of the characters in the crosses. Genetic parameter of variation also indicated that substantial amount of variability was generated in F2 of all the crosses which will be very useful in fenugreek improvement. Pods per plant had high PCV, GCV, heritability and genetic advance as percentage of mean in all the five crosses. Association analysis indicated that pods per plant had positive association with seed yield plant in all the five crosses. On the basis of the present study, selection for pods per plant in F2 generation of fenugreek crosses will be useful for improvement in seed yield.
 
Mosaic disease of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) - the first report from India
Get PDFRecent disease surveys revealed the occurrence of a mosaic disease in vanilla. The infected plants showed mosaic symptoms, distortion of leaves, leaf curling etc. which are typical symptoms of viral infection. Negative staining of the leaf sap with potassium phosphotungstic acid, uranyl acetate and ammonium molybdate revealed the presence of flexuous rod shaped viral particles. This is the first report of occurrence of viral disease in vanilla from India.
 
Antibacterial activity of certain spice extracts
Get PDFSeventeen raw spice samples were examined for phytochemical constihlents and antimicrobial properties. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of crude spice extracts revealed the occurrence of alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenes and tannins. Turmeric, clove and bay leaf showed the highest frequency of occurrence of these plant components among others. Terpenes were present in 94.12% of the samples evaluated. Ethanol extracts of spice samples were in vitro evaluated for their antimicrobial properties using well diffusion assay against six Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Results showed that all the spice extracts, except black cardamom, possess biological activity on one or more of the test bacteria. Clove extracts displayed the highest antibacterial activity (19.5 mm) against Escherichia coli, followed by bay leaf (19 mm) against the same bacteria and cumin (19 mm) against Pseudomonas aeroginosa, at 1000 ug/100 ul. Extracts of galangale, turmeric and fennel also exhibited a broad spectrum biological activity. The most susceptible bacteria, based on frequency values, were E. coli (76.4%), P. aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis (58.82%) and the least susceptible species were Salmonella arizonae (23.52%) and Enterobacter aerogenes (17.64%) at 1000 ug/100 ul. Overall, the presence of biologically active compounds and potent antimicrobial properties elucidate the potential use of spices in small amounts, individually or in combination in human therapy or folk medicine and as food preservative.
 
Influence of nitrogen, phosphours and potassium on growth and yield of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.)
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted to study the influence of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on growth and seed yield of black cumin at Sanjivini Vatika, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore during 2000-2001. The experiment consisted of twenty seven treatment combinations with three levels each of nitrogen (0, 50 and 100 kg ha-1), phosphorus (0, 20 and 40 kg ha-1) and potassium (0. 30 and 60 kg ha-1), and was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replica tions. The results revealed significant differences in growth and yield parameters among the treatments. Application of nitrogen at 100 kg ha-1 recorded the maximum values for plant spread (427.75 cm2) and number of seeds (57.52) per pod. Significant differences were also observed with the interaction of NPK at 50:40:30 kg ha-1 producing pods of good size (3.84 cm2), higher test weight of 1000 seeds (2.38 g) and seed yield (17.45 q ha-1).
 
Effect of nitrogen levels on growth and yield of turmeric
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted during 2000-2001 to study the response of two turmeric varieties (Krishna and Selam), five levels of nitrogen (0, 40, 80, 120, 150 kg ha-1) on growth and yield. The results indicated that variety Krishna responded favourably for all the characters to the application of 120 kg N ha-1. The maximum rhizome yield of 277.87 and 225.43 q ha-1, respectively was harvested by the application of 120 kg N ha-1 with turmeric variety 'Krishna'. The interaction of nitrogen x variety was significant only for fresh weight of fingers per plant.
 
Potential and economics of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (Linn.) Duna!) in overlapping cropping system under rainfed conditions of sub-tropical North India
Get PDFField experiments were conducted at Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow to find out production potential and economic returns of traditional monocropping systems vis-a-vis alternative cropping system. The cropping systems evaluated were: pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) fallow, maize (Zea mays) - fallow and okra (Ablmoschus esculentus) - fallow (traditional monocropping system) and medicinal plant, ashwagandha (Withania soml1iftra), at low (100 x 103 plants ha-1) and high (200 x 103 plants ha-1) population densities (LPD and BPD, respectively), as mono as well as overlap crop "'ith pearl millet, maize or okra (alternate cropping systems). All the overlapping cropping systems recorded higher productivity in tenns of pearl millet grain equivalent yield (PGEY) and economic returns over traditional cropping systerns. Pearl mlilet-ashwagandha (at HPD) overlapping cropping system; recorded 6.8 to 176.7% higher PGRY over remaining traditional as well as alternate cropping systems; the minimum being over maize-aswagandha and maximum over maize-fallow. The corresponding increase in net economic returns was 22.4-278.7%. Ashwagandha at HPD of 200 x 103 plant ha-1 under monocropping yielded 53.8% and 66.7-73.3% higher roots than it was grown at LOP under monocropping and overlapping cropping systems, respectively. Also, ashwagandha at either of the population densities under monocropping system proved more economical than traditional mono cropping systems. Better yield and economic returns make ashwagandha an ideal crop for moisture stress rainfed conditions. Overlapping cropping of ashwagandha is suggested as a way to improve the productivity and economic returns from resource constrained rainfed agriculture in sub-tropical North India.