Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
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Growth and yield of AGCr-1 coriander affected by plant geometry and nutrition: Growth and yield of AGCr-1 coiander
No full textA study was conducted during Rabi season of 2015-16 and 2016-17 at the Research Farm of ICAR-NRC on Seed Spices, Ajmer, Rajasthan to assess the influence of plant geometry and different levels of nutrition on vegetative growth and yield of coriander variety Ajmer Green Coriander-1 (AGCr-1). The treatments comprised of three crop geometry (25 cm x 5 cm, 25 cm x 7.5 cm and 25 cm x 10 cm) and three levels of NPK (40:25:20 kg ha-1, 50:35:25 kg ha-1 and 60:45:30 kg ha- 1) laid out in Randomized Factorial Block Design. The vegetative growth attributes viz., plant height at different growth stages, length of first leaf, length of second leaf, number of basal leaves plant-1, primary branches plant-1 and secondary branches plant-1 recorded the highest level with the application of 60:45:30 kg ha-1 NPK combined with (25 cm x 7.5 cm) crop geometry. Similarly, yield parameters like number of umbel plant-1, number of umbellates umbel-1 and seed yield (1253.0 kg ha-1) were also maximum with the same treatment
Impact of cluster-based technology transfer on profitability of ginger cultivation by small hill farmers of Shivalik region of Haryana: Impact of cluster-based technology transfer in ginger
No full textGinger (Zingiber officinale) is an important commercial crop of Morni hills of Haryana Shivaliks. There was considerable gap between the actual yield and income than the potential indicated by successful growers. In an attempt to bridge this gap by adopting a cluster development approach, 32 ginger growers of a hill village were formed as a common group to implement the recommended package of practices based on soil test analysis and adopted over one bigha (1/12th of hectare) of 32 demonstration plots and one bigha was kept as untreated control with farmers’ normal practice. The beneficiary farmers were provided trainings, exposure visits and interaction with agricultural experts. The average fresh ginger rhizome production in treated plots was 11.19 t ha-1 as against 6.97 t ha-1 in control plots. While 84 percent farmers obtained an yield of 11 to 12 t ha-1, yield recorded by remaining farmers ranged from 7.44 to 9.63 t ha-1 thus indicating scope of further increase in production. The ratio between seed used and rhizome yield was taken as an indicator of yield potential and this was 4.04 in case of treated plots and 2.65 in case of control thus registering overall increase of 52.4 percent. The total gross and net returns were Rs 996678 and 395925 ha-1 and the average cost of cultivation was Rs 600753 ha-1. The overall benefit cost ratio was 1.66. However, in case of control plots, the average gross and net returns were Rs 532800 and Rs 106972 with a benefit cost ratio of 1.22. In the cluster based approach, reduction in input costs and collective marketing resulted in better dividends
Comprehensive assessment of phytometabolites and health benefits of Geographical Indication turmeric in India: Phytometabolites and health benefits of G. I. turmeric
No full textThe interest and demand for the Geographical Indication (GI) turmeric have increased significantly in recent years as research unfolds their unique benefits. Still, their comprehensive and comparative metabolite profile remains to be analysed in detail from a nutritional perspective. This investigation reports phytochemical constituents, nutraceuticals, and bioactivities of four GI turmeric (Erode turmeric, Kandhamal haldi, Waigaon turmeric and Sangli turmeric) in India. The results revealed considerable differences in major quality parameters viz., essential oil (4.00-5.60%), oleoresin (8.36-18.12%) and curcuminoids (2.23-5.50%). Among the GIs, Waigaon turmeric was superior in terms of quality parameters and rhizome traits. The Erode turmeric contained significantly high protein (4.64%) and several minerals (K, Ca, Fe and Mg). The IC50 values of DPPH scavenging assays (160.72 – 194.25 μg ml-1) and α-glucosidase inhibitory assays (126.50 – 146.57 μg ml-1) ensured the potent antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities of GI turmeric. The GC-MS profile of essential oil unveiled six major compounds such as, ar-turmerone, β-sesquiphellandrene, α-zingiberene, α-curcumene, α-turmerone, and curlone. The brightest yellow colour was observed in Sangli turmeric and dark orange in Waigon turmeric, based on L*, a* and b* values. All the four GI turmeric varieties are good sources of spice for people to consume but Waigaon turmeric was found to be superior among them
Estimates of genetic variability, inter character association and path analysis in turmeric over environments: Variability and association in turmeric over environments
No full textPooled data of 27 traits, including quantitative and qualitative, from 15 turmeric varieties grown in three locations over two years were used to estimate the genetic parameters of variability and path analysis. High genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) combined with high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was observed for collar girth, length of mother rhizome, number of mother rhizomes, weight of mother rhizome, weight of primary rhizome, number of secondary rhizomes, primary rhizome inter-nodal length, bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), demethoxycurcumin (DMC), curcumin (CUR) and yield. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent mean (GAM) was recorded for plant height, number of shoots, leaf petiole length, leaf length, collar girth, length of mother rhizome, girth of mother rhizome, primary rhizome inter-nodal length, dry recovery, oleoresin, BDMC, DMC and curcumin. Correlation coefficients showed that yield was significantly associated with collar girth, weight of mother rhizome, number of primary rhizomes, weight of primary rhizome and number of secondary rhizomes. Path coefficient analysis at phenotypic level revealed that, positive direct effect was high for length of mother rhizome followed by number of mother rhizomes, weight of primary rhizome and curcumin content. The study confirmed that characters such as weight of mother rhizome, girth of mother rhizome, weight of primary rhizomes, number of primary rhizomes and curcumin content can be relayed upon to form selection criteria in turmeric
Nutmeg with yellow arils-potential tree spice with high essential oil content: Nutmeg with yellow arils
No full textThe mace derived from the arils of Myristica fragrans, is red in colour, whereas the present study reports the evaluation of Myristica fragrans with yellow arils. Morphological features of fruits of M. fragrans with yellow arils and that of common red aril variant from cultivated locations in Kerala, South India, were similar. The average mace yield was higher for the yellow arils (2.5 kg plant-1) than the red arils (2.0 kg plant-1). The volatile chemical profiling revealed that the essential oil yield of the yellow mace (19.3% v/w) was more than twofold higher than standard red mace (9.2% v/w). GC-MS analysis showed that the distribution of monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, and phenylpropanoids were similar in both the varieties, except for the percentage distribution. The major constituents of mace of both the red and yellow types were α-pinene, and sabinene followed by elemicin and safrole. Though an exotic species, M. fragrans has been naturalized in south India, and several high-yielding varieties have been reported from the region. The present study highlights nutmeg with yellow arils as a potential spice crop with high oil yield
Effect of spacing and fertilizer levels on yield, quality and nutrient uptake of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) under northern dry zone of Karnataka: Effect of spacing and fertilizer levels on fennel
No full textAn experiment was carried out on effect of spacing and fertilizer levels on yield, quality and nutrient uptake of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) under northern dry zone of Karnataka. Among various spacing levels, 60 x 30 cm spacing recorded highest seed yield. The highest essential oil content and essential oil yield was obtained in 60 x 40 cm spacing. Nutrient uptake was found maximum in 60 x 30 cm spacing. The maximum seed yield, essential oil content, oil yield and total nutrient uptake was obtained by supplying 100:50:40 NPK kg ha-1 and it was at par with 90:40:30 N, P2O5, K2O kg ha-1 respectively
Screening of black pepper varieties against anthracnose under nursery conditions: Screening black pepper against anthracnose
No full textPathogen causing anthracnose of black pepper was isolated from symptomatic leaf sample and was identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on the basis of morphological, cultural and molecular characterization. Later, pot culture experiment was conducted in greenhouse (year 2020-21) to determine resistance/susceptibility of seven different black pepper varieties viz., Arakkulamunda, Doddigya, Karimunda, Malligesara, Panniyur-1, Poonjarmunda and Uddagare, against anthracnose in nursery condition. It was observed that no variety was resistant but Karimunda variety was found to be highly tolerant against the disease. Whereas, Poonjarmunda and Panniyur-1 were classified as susceptible and highly susceptible, respectively
Variation in the oil content in different parts of clove bud and from different geographical regions: Oil content in different parts of clove
No full textThis study determined the difference in oil content from separated parts of clove buds, full bud with crown, clove bud without crown and dust (stamen and style), and only crown along with dust from market sample. Results showed that the highest oil content in clove bud without a crown. Oil yield varied in clove buds from different geographical regions wherein, Madagascar showed the highest amount of oil
Evaluation of phytochemical and nutritional composition of Boriavi ginger variety: Evaluation of Boriavi ginger
No full textThe “Boriavi” variety of ginger was evaluated for its phytochemical and nutritional composition. The proximate composition was found to be 86.30 ± 0.11% moisture content (% wet basis), 2.70 ± 0.06% protein content, 0.60 ± 0.01% fat content, 1.30 ± 0.07% fiber content, 1.88 ± 0.02% ash content, and 7.20 ± 0.11% carbohydrate content. The ascorbic acid content was found to be 6.55 ± 0.26 mg per 100g, antioxidant activity was found to be 86.94 ± 0.16% by DPPH method, and total phenolic content was found to be 41.45 ± 0.17 mg GAE per 100ml. The mineral composition in fresh ginger was also evaluated in which phosphorus (10955 ± 2.00 mg kg-1) was found to be the highest among all minerals
Spices of the Pacific region with special reference to vanilla and ginger production: Challenges and the way forward: Vanilla and ginger production in the Pacific region
No full textThe Pacific region (Oceania) is divided into four sub-regions (i) Australasia (Australia and New Zealand), (ii) Melanesia, (iii) Micronesia, and (iv) Polynesia and the population of this region is around 0.5% of the global population. There are 14 independent countries and 12 dependent overseas territories in Oceania. Most of the countries are smaller in size, less developed (except Australia and New Zealand), remotely placed and vulnerable to natural calamities. Spices are mostly introduced crops to this region. Turmeric was the earliest spice introduced to this region. The Missionaries and Europeans who colonized these regions introduced many other spices. British introduced ginger to Australia during 1788. Fiji is an important south pacific country, where Fiji-Indians consume considerable amount of spices. Black pepper and vanilla were introduced during 1880’s; ginger before 1890 (Probably from Australia), cardamom, nutmeg and clove during 1930’s to Fiji. The FAO statistics provide data on spices production from ten Oceanica countries with a total production of 618, 914 tonnes which translates to 0.3% of the global spices production. The spice crops of the region are chillies, onion, garlic, ginger, turmeric, vanilla, nutmeg and coriander. Other spices like tamarind, mango, (tender mango) cinnamon, curry leaf, herbal spices are produced in small scale and exported within the region. Spice crops like clove, allspice, black pepper, small cardamom are also grown by a few individuals in limited number. There is not much research work on spices except for ginger in Australia and a few on vanilla diseases from the Pacific region. This review provides the status of spices in the Pacific region focusing on ginger and vanilla which helps to understand the status of spices of Oceania. The information complied here may help in designing strategies for enhancing spice production and trade, which can positively influence the economy of the region