Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
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Variability of fruit characters in kokum (Garcinia indica Choisy)
Get PDFThe fruit characters of 22 genotypes of kokum (Garcinia indica) were studied at Dapoli (Maharashtra). The genotypes exhibited significant variation for all the fruit characters and the environmental coefficient of variation recorded for all the fruit characters was very low. The higher magnitudes of phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations indicated good amount of variation among the genotypes. Estimates of heritability and genetic advance were relatively higher for length, weight and volume of fruit, fresh rind weight, pulp weight and dry seed weight. The genotypes K-29, K-32, K-1 46, KN-1, KN-3, KN-4 and KN-5 were pronlising.
 
Growth and instability in area, production and yield of major spice crops in Rajasthan vis-à-vis India
Get PDFA study on growth and instability in area, production and yield of spice crops such as coriander (Coriandrum sativum), cumin (Cuminum cyminum), fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), garlic (Allium sativum) and chilli (Capsicum annuum) in Rajasthan vis-à-vis India indicated that almost all the spices registered significant growth rates in their production in Rajasthan as well as in India during the entire study period mainly due to significant increases in the same during post-Technology Mission on Oilseeds (TMO) period (1986-87 to 2000-01). The significant increase in production in coriander was mainly due to significant increase in yield whereas in cumin and fennel, it was due to significant increase in area. In fenugreek, the increase in production was the result of increase in both area and yield. In case of chilli and garlic, both area and yield at the national level and only area at the state level played significant role in increasing the production. In majority of the spice crops the instability in production increased during the post-TMO period over the pre-TMO period (1967-68 to 1985-86) in Rajasthan and India as well. However, the magnitudes of coefficients of variations were more pronounced at the state level than at the national level. The instability in area in the state was higher in the post-TMO period than in the pre-TMO period. The same was true of India except that the magnitudes of coefficients of variations were less at the national level. In general, yield instability, on the other hand, decreased during the post-TMO period over the pre-TMO period in both Rajasthan and India. As regards sources of variance of production, area variance played a dominant role in case of coriander, cumin, fennel and garlic. Yield variance predominantly destabilised the production of chilli in Rajasthan and of fenugreek in India. In majority of spices, areayield covariance helped stabilize the production in Rajasthan as well as in India.
 
Effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens (IISR-6) and Trichoderma harzianum (P-26) on growth of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in the nursery
Get PDFExperiments conducted to study the effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens (IISR-6) and Trichoderma harzinaum (P-26) on growth of black pepper (Piper nigrum) rooted cuttings in the nursery indicated that maximum height and leaf area of cuttings were obtained with application of P. fluorescens thrice, which was on par with raising cuttings in T. harzianum applied potting mixture and application of P. fluorescens thrice. Number of roots and biomass production were higher with combined application of P. fluorescens (thrice) and T. harzianum which was on par with application of P. fluorescens thrice.
 
Antagonistic mechanisms of fluorescent pseudomonads against Phytophthora capsici in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.)
Get PDFFluorescent pseudomonads were selectively isolated from black pepper (Piper nigrum) roots and screened for volatile and non-volatile metabolite production and inhibition in growth of Phytophthora capsici, the causal organism of foot rot disease. Among the isolates tested, the inhibition of P. capsici varied from 36.3% to 70.0% by non-volatile metabolites and from 2% to 23% by volatile-metabolites. Isolate IISR-51 caused maximum inhibition of P. capsici by production of non-volatile and volatile metabolites. Many of the isolates produced hydrogen cyanide, which limited the growth of P. capsici. The study indicated the involvement of siderophore-mediated antagonism in fluorescent pseudomonads. The fluorescent pseudomonads could systemically invade black pepper cuttings upon root bacterization.
 
Preliminary evaluation of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) varieties at Konkan region of Maharashtra
Get PDFThe performance of 21 varieties of turmeric (Curcuma longa) for rhizome characters, yield and curcumin content was studied at Konkan region (Maharashtra). Salem was found to be the best variety, which recorded significantly higher weight of primary fingers (208.92 g), secondary fingers (243.75 g), yield plot' (11.99 kg) and yield hectare" (44,395 kg). The curcumin content was significantly higher in CA-71 (4.87%). The phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance on mean basis were appreciably high for yield and curcumin content. The magnitude for environmental coefficient of variation was very low
Adoption of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) production technology in arid zone of Rajasthan
Get PDFA study was conducted in four districts of Rajasthan, namely, Jodhpur, Pali, Bikaner and Jaisalmer, to determine the extent of adoption of various technologies in cumin (Cuminum cyminum) by farmers in the arid zone of the state. The study revealed that a majority (62.5%) of the farmers had adopted various production technologies to a medium level. Out of 16 variables, 5 variables, namely, education, occupation, irrigation facilities, sources of information and knowledge were positively and significantly correlated with overall adoption whereas, age and farming experience were negatively and significantly correlated with overall adoption of production technologies. The 16 independent variables taken together explained 59.9% of the variation in adoption of cumin production technology.
 
Reaction of detached fruits of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) varieties to isolates of Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.) Butler and Bisby
Get PDFInvestigations on the pathogenic potential of nine isolates of Colletotrichum capsici on four chilli (Capsicum annuum) varieties revealed variations in their incubation period and lesion size induced on inoculated fruits. The isolates CC-1, CC-2, CC-3, CC-4, CC-5 and CC-7 gave resistant reaction in all the four varieties. Isolate CC-9 gave susceptible reaction in all the four varieties. Isolate CC-8 induced susceptible reaction in Hisar Shakti and resistant reaction in Hisar Vijay whereas, CC-6 gave susceptible reaction in Hisar Vijay and resistant reaction in Hisar Shakti.
 
Correlation and path analysis in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss) grown under rainfed condition
Get PDFThe nature and magnitude of associations and path coefficients for 10 characters in 200 F, and F, progenies of Indian mustard (Bmssicn jllllecn) obtained from six crosses were studied at Jobner (Rajasthan). Phenotypic correlation coefficients were higher in magnitude compared to genotypic correlation coefficients for most of the traits. Seed yield plant" was significantly and positively correlated with plant height, primary branches plant" , number of siliquae plant", number of seeds siliqua" and lOOO-seed weight. Highest direct contribution to seed yield was by number of siliquae plant", followed by primary branches plant ", 1000-seed weight, number of siliquae on main shoot and number of seeds siliqua". Hence, these traits could form a good selection criteria for improvement of seed yield in Indian mustard.
 
Character association and path analysis for yield components in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)
Get PDFCorrelation and path analys is of 11 characters of turmeric (Curcuma longa) were carried out using 22 genotypes at Raigarh (Chhattisgarh). Plant height, leaf length, thickness of primary and secondary rhizomes and number of secondary rhizomes revealed significant positive associations with rhizome yield. Path analysis showed positive direct effect of plant height, leaf length and thickness of primary and secondary rhizomes on rhizome yield. These traits may be given due e,,'phasis while making selections for improvement in rhizome yield of turmeric.
 
Studies on germination and seedling vigour characters for genotype selection in nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.)
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted at Ratnagiri (Maharashtra) to study the regeneration ability and variability of 34 nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) seedling genotypes. The variations recorded for germination percentage, period required for germination and seedling growth parameters were significant. Higher magnitudes of genotypic coefficient of variation, phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance on per cent mean basis were recorded for fresh seed weight, germination percentage, days for germination and root length. The selection of nutmeg genotypes at seedling stage on the basis of vigour of the characters such as number, length and breadth of leaves, collar thickness and petiole length would help to identify genotypes for propagation. Among the genotypes studied, N22, N24, N26, N29, N34, N37, N38, N42, N43, N51, N63 and N72 were promising.