Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
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A note on frost induced garlic (Allium sativum L. var. sagitatum Kuz.) mutant with larger aerial bulbils
Get PDFA natural frost induced mutant of garlic (Allium sativum L. var. sagitatum Kuz. cv. Agri FoundParvati), producing normal clove-sized aerial bulbils, was isolated from extreme cold-aridtrans-Himalayan deserts of Ladakh (9,000–18,500 ft above MSL), India. The yield after aseason’s growth from mutated bulbils (42.3 g) was slightly less than that realized from secondseason’s growth in conventional bulbils (46.7 g) and greater than that from normal cloves(39.3 g). This mutant, ensuring commercial garlic production from aerial bulbils within asingle season itself, was stable over two successive generations.
 
Processing of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) beans - Influence of storing fresh beans, killing temperature and duration of killing on quality parameters
Get PDFExperiments were conducted at Myladumpara (Kerala) to study the effect of storing freshvanilla (Vanilla planifolia) beans before killing, killing temperature and duration of killingand further curing on quality parameters. The study indicated that storing of fresh beans fora maximum of 3 days after harvest and before killing is advisable and the vanillin content ofsuch beans was the highest (2.51%) when compared to longer duration of storage. Killing ofbeans in hot water maintained at 65°C for 3 min or at 63°C for 5 min was on par. Immediatewrapping of killed beans with woollen cloth and storing in sweating box was the idealmethod for obtaining optimum weight and vanillin content of beans. A higher percentage ofbeans (71 to 84) became ready for conditioning within 15 days of slow drying by this method.Interactions of killing temperature and exposing beans either directly or the next day as wellas killing temperature and duration of killing were significant.
 
Qualitative analysis of essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis L. cultivated in Uttaranchal Hills, India
Get PDFGas chromatography and gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy analysis of essentialoil hydrodistilled from fresh aerial part of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) cultivated inUttaranchal, India, resolved into 33 compounds representing 96.29% of the essential oilaccording to their chromatographic retention indices and mass spectra. The major compoundsof the oil were, camphor (26.40%), 1, 8-cineole (23.40%), α-pinene (9.94%), camphene (5.83%),myrcene (4.86%), bornyl acetate (3.97%), verbenone (3.32%), limonene (3.08%), borneol(2.05%) and α-terpineol (2.68%).
 
Effect of short and long-term storage on essential oil content and composition of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum Bercht. & Presl.) leaves
Get PDFThe effect of duration of storage of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) leaves on the content andchemical composition of essential oil was studied. The results revealed that neither the es-sential oil content (1.9%-2.2%), nor the chemical composition of essential oil (eugenol 87.1%-90.7%; eugenyl acetate 2.9%-5.5%; linalool 0.8%-1.2%; benzyl benzoate 0.3%-0.6%) wasaffected during the storage of leaves for up to 15 months.
 
Diversity, foraging behaviour of floral visitors and pollination ecology of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)
Get PDFA study on floral visitors of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) conducted at Karnal (Haryana) indi-cated that 39 species visited the crop among which, hymenopterans (47.1%) and dipterans(50.3%) were the most prominent groups. Six Apoidea species contributed 39.5% of the totalvisitors and Italian honeybee, Apis mellifera was the most prominent species (32.5%). Amongthe dipteran species, Episyrphus balteatus was the most prominent species (24.7%). A. melliferawas most abundant with 15.7 bees m-2 observation interval-1 followed by E. balteatus (11.9bees m-2 observation interval-1). All the Apis species started foraging late (09.00 h) and A.mellifera had longer foraging period (spread up to 18.00 h), whereas, A. cerana foraged up to16.00 h and A. dorsata till 14.00 h. Peak activity of dipterans and other hymenopterans wasduring morning and late afternoon hours. Bee-Q application increased Apoidea populationby 29.1%, other hymenopterans by 12.6% and had no effect on dipteran population (3.0%).Mean seed yield of fennel in caged plots was 5.2 g plant-1 compared to 29.7 g plant-1 in openpollinated and 26.6 g plant-1 in bee pollinated crop (an increase of 474.7% and 413.5%, re-spectively). Bee-Q treated plots gave the highest yield of 33.8 g plant-1 (increase of 553.4%).Yields in bee pollination were at par with open pollination signifying the role of insectpollinators other than honeybees, especially dipterans like E. balteatus, Eristalis arvorum¸Eristalis sp. and Musca sp.
 
Soft wood grafting of Garcinia xanthochymus (Hook. f.) [Syn. G. tinctoria (Wight)]
Get PDFSoft wood grafting of Garcinia xanthochymus was standardized on 9 month old rootstocks ofthe same species with 90% success. The grafted plants flowered within 3 years after graftingand set fruits in the fourth year, while seed propagated plants did not flower even 6½years after planting in the field.
 
Molecular markers in improvement of Capsicum spp. – a review
No full textUse of various molecular markers in improvement of Capsicum spp. including genetic diver-sity analysis, fingerprinting, mapping the genes of interest with special reference to pun-gency and stress resistance, seed purity analysis, phylogenetic studies, genomic library con-struction and linkage analysis has been well demonstrated. This paper reviews the advance-ment and information available on the use of RAPD, RFLP, AFLP, ISSR, SPAR, CAPS andSCAR markers in crop improvement programmes in Capsicum spp.
 
IISR Avinash – a rhizome rot resistant and high yielding variety of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton)
Get PDFThe cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) variety, IISR Avinash (RR-1) was developed at theIndian Institute of Spices Research, Cardamom Research Centre, Appangala (Karnataka),through clonal selection and recommended for release for its resistance to rhizome rot dis-ease and high yield. The average yield of IISR Avinash was 643 kg ha-1 (dry) with a poten-tial yield of 979 kg ha-1 (dry) with good quality dark green capsules.
 
Genetic divergence in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) germplasm
Get PDFThirty six genotypes of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum ) were studied at Jobner(Rajasthan) for their genetic divergence following D2 analysis. The study indicated that thegenotypes were grouped into six clusters and there was lack of parallelism between geneticand geographic diversity. Intra cluster distance was highest in cluster I followed by clusterII. Inter cluster distance was maximum between cluster IV and II followed by III and II.Among the 10 characters studied for genetic divergence, fat content contributed the maxi-mum accounting for 70.3% of total divergence, followed by plant height (8.6%). The studyindicated that for obtaining heterotic response as well as better segregants, inter-matingbetween genotypes of diverse clusters may be undertaken in breeding programmes for im-proving yield and quality traits.
 
Influence of sowing date, nitrogen and plant growth regulators on growth and yield of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)
No full textField experiments conducted at Udaipur (Rajasthan) indicated that coriander (Coriandrumsativum) crop sown on 15th October resulted in significantly higher growth and yield ascompared to 15th November sown crop. Higher levels of nitrogen fertilization did not showany significant influence on growth and yield. Foliar spray of naphthalene aceticacid (25ppm) at 30 days after sowing resulted in significantly higher growth and seed yield whichwas on par with gibberellic acid (50 ppm) spray at 30 days after sowing.