Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
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Intercropping Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis L.) with maize, oilseed rape and onion during rabi season
Get PDFA study was conducted at Ludhiana (Punjab) during rabi season to evaluate the performanceof Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis) as an intercrop with maize (Zea mays), oilseed rape (Brassicanapus) and onion (Allium cepa). The fresh herb yield was highest (204.3 q ha-1) in sole Japanesemint treatment which was statistically on par with Japanese mint + one row of onion (192.4q ha-1). Oil yield was highest in sole Japanese mint (163.1 l ha-1). Japanese mint equivalentoil yield was highest in Japanese mint + one row of onion (273.0 l ha-1) which was on parwith Japanese mint + two rows of onion (265.6 l ha-1). The gross returns were also highestin Japanese mint + one row of onion (Rs 65,520 ha-1).
 
In vitro and field evaluation of biocontrol agents and fungicides against wilt of cumin caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini
Get PDFFungal antagonists and fungicides were evaluated for the management of wilt of cumin(Cuminum cyminum) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini at Jobner (Rajasthan). On thebasis of in vitro studies, Trichoderma harzianum isolate I6 and carbendazim were the best treatmentsin inhibiting the growth of the pathogen. The promising fungal antagonist and fungicideswere tested in the field at different combinations and the most effective combination was seedtreatment with carbendazim (2 g kg -1 seed) in combination with T. harzianum isolate I6 (108spores ml-1). This treatment combination resulted in significantly lowest disease incidence(11.7%) and highest yield (6.17 q ha-1).
 
Seed germination studies in Garcinia spp
Get PDFGermination studies conducted at Padannakad (Kerala) on Garcinia gummi-gutta and Garciniacowa indicated that soaking seeds in hydrogen peroxide (30%) for 30 min and overnightsoaking in cow milk and kinetin (500 ppm) were effective in breaking the dormancy of seedsand resulted in 60.05%, 39.96% and 34.41% germination, respectively in G. gummi-gutta and65.33%, 69.33% and 54.67% germination in G. cowa at 7 months after sowing. In Garciniatinctoria, soaking in hydrogen peroxide (30%) for 30 min and overnight soaking in kinetin(500 ppm) and gibberellic acid (500 ppm) induced early germination resulting in 78.6%, 93.3%,and 64.0% germination respectively, at 2 months after sowing.
 
Nitrogen and potassium nutrition of French basil (Ocimum basilicum Linn.)
Get PDFStudies were undertaken on red sandy loam soil (Kandiustalf) in a semi-arid tropical climateat Bangalore (Karnataka) to find out the effect of fertilizer application in influencing oilproduction, quality and soil fertility in French basil (Ocimum basilicum). The study showedthat application of nitrogen (up to 100 kg ha-1) increased herb and essential oil yields in themain crop, first ratoon and second crop while potassium application (up to 80 kg ha-1)increased the yields in the second ratoon and second crop suggesting that soil potassiumdepletion occurred with time. Nitrogen application increased methyl chavicol (by 4.1%) anddecreased linalool (by 14.2%) contents in basil oil. Yield increases were accompanied by higherremoval of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from soil (by 247%, 23% and 94%,respectively) by the crop and lower amounts of exchangeable potassium (by 37.8 %) in soil.Due to the depletion of soil potassium, interactions between nitrogen and potassium weresignificant in the second crop of basil. Application of 100 kg nitrogen ha-1 and 80 kg potassiumha-1 gave optimum yield and quality of oil.
 
Factors influencing technological gaps in adoption of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) production technology in arid zone of Rajasthan
Get PDFA study was conducted in four districts of Rajasthan namely, Jodhpur, Pali, Bikaner andJaisalmer, to identify the technological gaps in adoption of mustard (Brassica juncea) productiontechnology and to find out the relationship between the socio-economic characteristics offarmers and technological gaps in adoption of the technology. The study revealed that 68.2%of farmers belonged to medium technological gap category and there was a high technologicalgap in seed treatment, method of sowing, dose, time and method of application of fertilizersand herbicide, irrigation and plant protection measures. Out of 16 variables, 9 variablesnamely, education, caste, irrigation facilities, type of family, extension contact, sources ofinformation and knowledge were negatively and significantly correlated with overalltechnological gap, whereas, age and farming experiences were positively and significantlycorrelated with overall technological gap. The 16 independent variables taken togetherexplained 53.7% of the variation in technological gap, and knowledge of farmers was themost important predictor of the technological gap.
 
Screening of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) germplasm for resistance to foot rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici Leonian
Get PDFStudies were conducted at Calicut (Kerala) to locate sources of resistance among 491accessions of cultivars, 691 hybrids, 124 wild accessions and 182 Karimunda and 60Kottanadan selections of black pepper (Piper nigrum) using stem inoculation technique againstfoot rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici. One hybrid (Acc. 1375), two wild accessions(Accs. 3160 and 3260) and four Kottanadan selections (2466, 2471, 2515 and 2433) werepromising with disease index 1 and no external lesion after inoculation of the pathogenunder greenhouse conditions.
 
Study on grinding of black pepper and effect of low feed temperature on product quality
Get PDFThe effect of feed temperature on grinding of black pepper (Piper nigrum) in a hammer millwas studied at Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu). Variation in temperature was attained by keepingblack pepper in a refrigerator maintained at 4°C (low temperature sample) to attain a feedtemperature of 7.9 to 21.2°C and by mixing with dry ice at different ratios (ultra lowtemperature sample) to get temperatures from -3.33 to 12.86°C. On the basis of volatile oilcontent, oleoresin, piperine and volatile components, a feed temperature of -3.33 to -1.25°Cwas optimized. The volatile oil content of the product indicated an increase of about 17%retention of oil for ultra low temperature and 15% for low temperature compared to theambient condition (control). Gas chromatographic analysis of the oil showed higher retentionof monoterpenes under ultra low temperature condition compared to ambient and lowtemperature conditions of grinding. An increase of 1% to 3% moisture was observed for theultra low temperature sample for a feed temperature of -3.33 to -1.25°C, which helped toincrease 2% to 3% oleoresin yield. The volume surface mean diameter of black pepper powdershowed an increasing trend of 0.15 mm to 0.18 mm with an increase in feed temperature from-3.33 to 12.86°C for ultra low temperature sample. The specific energy consumption variedfrom 24.79 to 46.62 kJ(kg°C)–1 with increase in grinding temperature.
 
Genetic divergence in German chamomile [Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauch.]
Get PDFForty genotypes of chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) were evaluated for 12 quantitative traitsat Nagla (Uttarakhand) and could be grouped into seven clusters depending upon theirgenetic distance on the basis of Mahalanobis D2 analysis. Maximum number of genotypeswas grouped into cluster I (13) followed by cluster VII (8). Intra-cluster distances rangedfrom 1.78 (cluster IV) to 2.20 (cluster I). Inter-cluster distance was maximum between clusterII and V (6.91). The results indicated the diversity among the genotypes and sufficient scopefor varietal improvement through hybridization. A breeding plan can be adopted from theresults of the study to enhance flower yield, flower diameter, disc floret periphery, disc floretheight and number of flowers plant-1 through hybrid breeding programme.
 
Effect of γ – ray irradiation on storage behaviour in garlic (Allium sativum L.)
Get PDFExperiments conducted at Rajgurunagar (Maharashtra) to study the effect of γ-ray irradiationand cold storage on storage losses in garlic (Allium sativum) indicated that cold storage ofgarlic reduced physiological weight loss and infection due to diseases. These losses werelower than ambient stored garlic even after 5 months of storage. Un-irradiated cold storedgarlic showed rapid sprouting during post cold storage period but this low temperatureinduced sprouting was not noticed in γ-ray irradiated cold stored garlic after storage period.Overall, γ-ray irradiation followed by cold storage minimized the storage losses by 15% to20% and increased the shelf life of garlic.
 
Evaluation of nursery mixture for planting material production in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.)
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted at Peruvannamuzhi (Kerala) to study the feasibility of usingsoil-less medium containing coir pith compost and granite powder for raising black pepper(Piper nigrum) cuttings in the nursery. Plant height, leaf production, leaf area and total drymatter production were significantly higher in the medium consisting of coir pith compostand granite powder in 1:1 proportion along with Azospirillum sp. and phosphobacteria asnutrient sources whereas, the cost of production of rooted cuttings was cheaper in the mediumconsisting of coir pith compost, granite powder, and farmyard manure in 2:1:1 proportioncompared to conventional potting mixture (soil: sand: farmyard manure in 2:1:1 proportion).