Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
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Study of drying methods and chemical treatments on quality aspects of chilli cv.LCA 334
Get PDFThe experiment to using chilli Cv. LCA 334 was conducted at Regional Agricultural ResearchStation. Lam, Guntur during the year 2003-2004. The results revealed significant differencesamong different drying methods and chemical treatments and their interactions on qualityconstituents of chilli viz; oleoresin, capsanthin and capsaicin. Among the drying methods ,Tobacco barn drying gave the highest oleoresin content of 10.5% and was found superior tothe other methods of drying viz; ground, tarpaulin and mechanical drying. However, thechemicals viz; BHA (Butylated Hydroxy Anisole), potassium carbonate and dipsol used fordrying did not exert significant influence on oleoresin content. Among the interactions,chilli treated with dipsol and dried in tobacco barn recorded the highest oleoresin content of10.7% followed by chilli treated with BHA and dried in tobacco barn (10.5%). With regard tocapsanthin content, the chilli dried in mechanical drier recorded the highest value (14503EOA colour value) followed by tobacco barn drying (13893 EOA colour value) and werefound superior to chilli dried on ground / tarpaulin. Among the chemical treatments, chillitreated with dipsol recorded the highest capsanthin content (13923 EOA colour value) andfound significantly superior to all the other treatments tried.. With regard to the capsaicincontent, chilli dried in tobacco barn recorded the highest capsaicin content (0.502%), closelyfollowed by chilli dried on ground (0.498%) and were found on par with each other andsignificantly superior to tarpaulin and mechanical drying.. Among the chemicals, BHAsignificantly increased the capsaicin content (0.508%) and found superior to check (0.468%)and also the other chemicals tried. Among the interactions, chilli treated with BHA anddried in tobacco barn recorded the highest capsaicin content (0.576%) and found significantlysuperior to all other interactions.
 
Essential oil composition of petiole of Cinnamomum verum Bercht. & Presl.
Get PDFEssential oil isolated from the petiole of Cinnamomum verum was analysed by gaschromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Twenty five compoundsaccounting for 87.31% of the total essential oil were identified. (E)-Cinnamaldehyde (33.04%)followed by eugenol (17.32%), linalool (16.85%) and (E)-cinnamyl acetate (11.78%) were themain components of the essential oil. This is the first report on the composition of essentialoil of petiole of C. verum.
 
Effect of non-symbiotic microbial inoculants on growth, yield and quality of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) grown in sodic soil
Get PDFThe response of non-symbiotic microbial inoculants on growth, yield and quality of fennel(Foeniculum vulgare) grown in partially reclaimed sodic soils was studied at Lucknow (UttarPradesh). The results revealed that inoculation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria or incombination with Azotobacter chroococcum was superior resulting in 14%–15% increase in seedyield. Application of fertilizers (80 kg ha-1 N + 25 kg ha-1 P) with inoculants had an additiveeffect on plant growth. An increase in availability of soil P (41%–44%) and essential oilcontent (10%–14%) was also noticed.
 
Diversity, temporal abundance, foraging behaviour of floral visitors and effect of different modes of pollination on coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)
Get PDFStudies on spatial distribution, foraging behaviour of pollinators and effect of different modesof pollination on yield of coriander (Coriandrum sativum) were undertaken at Karnal (Haryana).Coriander flowers were visited by 34 species of insects belonging to 18 families and 8 orders.Apoidea (35.9%), diptera (47.8%) and other hymenoptera (13.2%) were the three major groupscomprising 96.9% of the total visitors. Italian honey bee, Apis mellifera was the most prominentspecies (31.1%) followed by Episyrphus balteatus (19.2%) and unidentified Hymenoptera species(10.2%). Honey bees foraged both for nectar and pollen whereas, dipterans and other speciesfor nectar alone. A. mellifera started foraging early at 09.05 h, peaked from 11.00 to 16.00 hand declined drastically thereafter. A. dorsata peaked at 11.00 h and was not recorded after14.00 h. A. cerana population peaked from 10.00 to 14.00 h and was not recorded after 15.00h. The syrphid and other dipteran flies were present throughout the day with two peaks,first from 07.00 to 11.00 h and another minor peak late in the afternoon from 15.00 to 18.00h. A. cerana had higher foraging rate (15.2 flower-1) than A. mellifera (13.1) and A. dorsata(10.6) and likewise visited more number of plants per minute (3.6, 2.7 and 2.1 min-1,respectively). A meagre yield of 6.3 g plant-1 was recorded in caged plots without honey bees(control). Yields in open and honey bee pollinated plots were 14.0 g each, with an increase of122.2% over without insect pollinated plots. Maximum yield was in plots treated with beeattractant Bee-Q (18.1 g plant-1) which was 187.3% higher over without insect pollinatedplots and 30.0% higher over open pollinated or bee pollinated plots.
 
Maximization of seed yield in transplanted fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted at Udaipur (Rajasthan) to study the effect of three plantdensities, four fertilizer treatments and two growth regulators on yield maximization oftransplanted fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). Planting of fennel at a density of 27,770 plants ha-1recorded significantly higher yield attributes (umbels plant-1, seed yield plant-1 and test weight),while seed yield ha-1 was higher with a density of 55,550 plants ha-1 (20.89 q ha-1). Applicationof 90 kg N + 40 kg P2O5 + 20 kg K2O + 20 kg S + 5 kg Zn ha-1 recorded significantly higher yieldattributes and yield of fennel during both the years. Application of naphthalene acetic acid100 ppm recorded significantly higher yield attributes and seed yield.
 
An improved method for selection of antagonistic bacteria against Phytophthora capsici Leonian infections in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.)
Get PDFAn improved and rapid method for selection of bacteria primarily based on its inhibitoryeffect on pathogenesis of Phytophthora capsici on black pepper (Piper nigrum) was developed.Reductions in mycelial growth of P. capsici in dual plating assay and inhibition of lesion onexcised black pepper shoots in planta assay were calculated. The inhibition ranged from 0.0%to 92.8% among the 19 bacterial isolates tested against P. capsici in the in planta assay IIIwhere the bacterized shoots were challenge inoculated with P. capsici. The in planta assay IIIcould select only two bacterial strains among the 19 isolates as effective against P. capsiciwhereas, four and six bacterial strains in the in planta assays I and II, respectively. The dualplate method, where only two-way interaction between the pathogen and antagonist wasstudied, could select four bacterial strains as effective ones. The in planta selected bacterialstrains could protect the black pepper plants from foot rot infection when tested in thenursery. The in planta assay based on this three-way interaction among black pepper (host)-P. capsici (pathogen)-candidate bacterial strains (antagonist) was found to be an effectivemethod to select antagonistic bacteria against the foot rot pathogen.
 
Genotypic response of short day garlic (Allium sativum L.) accessions to shoot multiplication
Get PDFA simple protocol for in vitro shoot multiplication of 10 accessions including 8 varieties and 2advanced lines of short day Indian garlic (Allium sativum) is described. Two shootmultiplication media (Murashige and Skoog 1 and Murashige and Skoog 2) were tried usingbasal plate explant from mature cloves for multiple shoot induction. The medium (Murashigeand Skoog 2) consisting of 6-(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino)-purine (3 mg l-1) was the best forinduction of multiple shoots. Although genetic variability existed among the genotypes,shoot multiplication was obtained in all the accessions in Murashige and Skoog 2 mediumalong with almost 100% bulb formation in the shoots produced.
 
Nutrient diagnosis of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) gardens in Kerala and Karnataka
Get PDFDiagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) indices were worked out for soiland leaf nutrient status of black pepper (Piper nigrum) at Calicut (Kerala). The nutrient analysisdata obtained from extensive (130 samples) surveys of major black pepper growing tracts ofKerala and Karnataka was compared with already worked out soil and leaf nutrient DRISindices values to find out the deviation of nutrients from the corresponding criticalconcentrations. The results revealed that the soils in most of the gardens were acidic (pH 4.4to 6.7). Soil sample analysis showed that 88% gardens had organic carbon (OC) status belowthe critical values, 74% gardens had Zn and 36% gardens had P and 28% gardens had Castatus below the required levels. Leaf analysis results showed that 46% samples had Mg,39% samples had Cu and 12% samples had P, K and Zn status below the required criticalvalues. The order of limiting nutrients was: OC > Zn > P > Ca > K > Mg for soil andMg > Cu > P=K=Zn > Mn for leaf samples. The study revealed the importance of manuringblack pepper gardens with organic manures supplemented with secondary andmicronutrients.
 
Influence of nitrogen and nitrogen carrier on herbage, oil yield and nitrogen uptake of patchouli [Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth.] in semi-arid tropical condition
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted at Bangalore (Karnataka) in a semi-arid tropical climate ofSouth India to study the influence of two nitrogen levels (100 and 200 kg N ha-1) and threenitrogen carriers (prilled urea, ammonium sulphate and dicyandiamide (DCD)-coated urea)on herbage, oil yield, nitrogen uptake and oil quality of patchouli [Pogostemon cablin (Blanco.)Benth.] grown on red sandy loam soil. Nitrogen @ 200 kg ha-1 and DCD-coated urea producedmaximum herbage, oil yield, nitrogen uptake and benefit : cost ratio. The oil content variedfrom 2.48% to 2.60% and was not influenced by nitrogen level and carrier.
 
Constraints in adoption of production technologies in cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.)
Get PDFA study was conducted in four districts of Rajasthan, namely, Jodhpur, Pali, Bikaner andJaisalmer, to study the constraints in adoption of production technologies in cumin (Cuminumcyminum). The study revealed that non-availability of seeds of high yielding varieties at propertime, lack of knowledge and interest, high cost of seeds, fertilizers and pesticides, lack oftechnical guidance and lack of finance were perceived by farmers as main constraints inadoption of improved technologies.