Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
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Threats in production of coriander (Coriandrum sativum) in Andhra Pradesh
Get PDFAndhra Pradesh ranks first in the southern states of the country in production andproductivity of coriander and ranks second in country. Coriander is cultivated in nearly31298 hectares in Andhra Pradesh with a production of 37548 metric tonnes. The productivityof the crop increased from 275 kg/ha in 1990 to 1200 kg/ha by 2005-06. The reduction in cropcoverage has become a serious concern for the department of horticulture and as well asfarmers. The major factors that affected the shift were cultivation of alternate crops andchanging cropping patterns, vagaries in climate, non-availability of quality seed, terminalmoisture stress and fluctuations in market prices. This study also focuses on achievements ofthe state in crossing the average national productivity of the crop through strong researchby AICRP on Spices and efforts of Department of Horticulture in extension programmes.
 
Evaluation of ajowain (Trachyspermum ammi L.) genotypes suitable for semi arid re- gions.
Get PDFForty two genotypes of ajowain collected from various sources were planted in RandomizedBlock Design in three replications at Research Farm, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner toassess the degree of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for seed yield perplant in ajowain (Trachyspermum ammi Linn.). The analysis of variance revealed significantdifferences among the genotypes for all the characters studied viz., day to 50% flowering,plant height, branches per plant, umbels per plant, umbellets per umbel, seeds per umbel,1000-seed weight, harvest index and seed yield per plant. The estimates of heritability (broadsense) were high for plant height, umbels per plant, harvest index and seed yield per plantwhereas, it was moderate for days to 50% flowering, branches per plant, umbellets per umbel,seeds per umbel and 1000-seed weight. The genotypic coefficient of variation and geneticadvance expressed as percentage of mean were high for harvest index and seed yield perplant and moderate to low for umbels per plant, seeds per umbel, branches per plant, plantheight, days to 50% flowering, umbellets per umbel and 1000-seed weight, respectively.
 
Evaluation of small cardamom accessions for moisture stress
Get PDFHigh biomass and high yielding cardamom genotypes viz., Green gold, Mysore-2, APG 277,Malabar-18, Compound panicle 7 (CP 7) and Hybrid 36 were screened for moisture stresstolerance. Clonally propagated seedlings were planted in cement pots and grown for one anda half year with recommended package of practices under rainout shelter with three replicationsand two treatments (control and moisture stress). Moisture stress was imposed by withholdingirrigation for two months. Data on morphological and physiological parameters related todrought tolerance were recorded at the initiation, middle and end of stress. Plant height andnumber of leaves per clump did not record significant variation among the accessions at theinitiation of stress. Number of dried leaves increased under stress in all genotypes at themiddle of stress. Compound panicle 7 recorded higher reduction in biomass at end of stressperiod compared to all other accessions. Variation in relative water content between thetreatments was non significant. Chlorophyll florescence yield reduced significantly undermoisture stress treatment compared to control. Results indicate that genotypes Mysore 2,Green gold and Malabar 18 have better adaptability to drought conditions.
 
Influence of nitrogen, Azospirillum sp and farm yard manure on the yield, rhizome rot and quality of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)
Get PDFThe influence of Nitrogen fertilizer, Azosprillium sp. farm yard manure and their combinationson ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc) was studied at Pottangi (Orissa). The highest fresh rhizomeyield (18.70 q/ha), lowest rhizome rot (11%) and quality ginger (5.82% oleoresin content)with B: C ratio of 2:4 could be obtained in recommended dose of fertilizers 100% combinedwith Azospirillum sp. 10Kg/ha and FYM 10t/ha. Azospirillum has a prominent role in increasingproductivity and quality of ginger while reducing the most challenging disease i.e the Rhizomerot of ginger. In some situations, inorganic N level can be reduced to 30% level in presence ofbio-fertilizers to obtain economic return. In all organic farming situations, addition orAzospirillum to package of practices will enhance the production of ginger.
 
Effect of different levels of nitrogen and leaf cutting on leaf and seed yield of coriander (Coriandrum sativum)
Get PDFThe effect of different levels of nitrogen (30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N/ha) and leaf cutting (no cutting, one cutting at 45 days after sowing) and two cuttings at 45 and 60 days after sowing of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) cv. DH-228 was studied during 2003-04 and 2004-05. Both green leaf yield and seed yield increased with the increase in N levels upto 90 kg /ha. Single leaf cutting at initial vegetative growth stage did not much affect the later vegetative and reproductive growth. Maximum seed yield was recorded with 90 kg N/ha (14.6 q/ha) without leaf cutting which was at par with 90 kg N/ha and one cut (14.2 q/ha). The green leaf yield was recorded highest with 90 kg N/ha and two cutting (186.4 q/ha).
 
Response of nigella (Nigella sativa L) variety NRCSS AN 1 to different agro-tech- niques
Get PDFA field study was conducted during the winter seasons of 2002-2003 and 2003-2004 to studythe response of nigella (Nigella sativa L.) variety NRCSS AN-1 to different agro-techniquesunder semi-arid conditions. The yield attributes viz. number of capsules/plant, number ofseeds/capsule and 1000 seed weight were significantly high when crop was sown on 15 Octoberfollowed by 1 October sowing. Significantly higher seed yield of 8.84 q/ha was recordedwhen crop was sown on 15 October. The seed yield of 7.86 q/ha was significantly higherwith row spacing of 30 cm. The plant height and number of branches/plant were more atseed rate of 7 and 8 kg/ha and were noticed significantly high as compared to seed ratetreatment of 9 kg/ha. However, the seed yield attributes and seed yield (8.24 q/ha) weresignificantly high at seed rate of 8 kg/ha. The fertilizer dose of 50 kg N, 25 kg P2O5 and 20 kgK2O /ha was found optimum and produced higher seed yield of 7.87 q/ha. The days to 50%flowering was not affected considerably with different treatments. The essential oil contentincreased significantly when crop was sown at wider spacing of 40 cm and with applicationof fertilizer dose of 50 kg N, 25 kg P2O5 and 20 kg K2O /ha.
 
Identification of suitable areas and effect of climate change on ginger - a GIS study.
Get PDFSecondary data of area, production and productivity of ginger have consistently shown aincreasing trend during the last 3 decades. Increase in area is not always in proportion withe increase in production. Thirty years area and production curves of the important ginggrowing states are compared with the Eco-crop suitability model which indicated thsuitability has direct impact on production. Orissa, West Bengal, Mizoram and Kerala avery highly suitable while North western states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, UttarpradesMadhya Pradesh are marginally suitable or unsuitable. North eastern and south westestates are ideally highly suitable for ginger cultivation. Future prediction of Eco-crop modshows, if the temperature increase by 1.5 to 2ºC, the suitability of Orissa and West Bengwill reduce drastically from high suitability to marginally suitable, indicating the effect climate change.
 
Efficacy of biofertilizers on the performance of rainfed coriander (Coriandrum sativum) in vertisols
Get PDFBiofertilizers are cheap, eco-friendly, improve soil fertility and plant nutrition within shorttime, and are effective components in organic farming. The present study was undertakenwith nine treatment combinations containing Azospirillum Sp., Azatobactor sp. and PSB andcombination of Azospirillum and PSB, Azatobactor and PSB, Vermicompost, Trichoderma viride,100 % inorganic Nitrogen and control in RBD with three replications. Inoculation ofmicroorganisms and FYM @ 5 t/ha applied along with recommended dose of inorganicNitrogen @ 100 % N had shown significant influence on growth parameters when comparedwith absolute control. However, the influence of microorganisms is significant only on numberof secondary branches and number of umbels per plant when compared to 100% N. Plantheight, number of primary and secondary branches were significantly more in treatmentwith 100 % N in combination with Azospirillum, PSB and FYM @ 5 t/ha (66.4 cm, 6.2 and 15.4respectively) than control (58.3 cm, 4.4 and 8.7 respectively). Among all the treatmentcombinations, 100 % N in combination with Azospirillum, PSB and FYM @ 5 t/ha recordedhighest seed yield (1004.0 kg/ha) which is significantly superior to 100% N alone (877.7 kg/ha). In addition to the increase yield, the treatment recorded an incremental Benefit CostRatio of 1.63. The increase in yield in treatments with Azospirillum, PSB and FYM along with100% RDF may be due to better uptake of Nitrogen and Phosphorous and enhanced foodaccumulation.
 
Evaluation of indigenous Azospirillum isolates for growth promotion in black pep- per (Piper nigrum L) rooted cuttings
Get PDFThe aim of the present work was to evaluate the inoculation effects of indigenous Azospirillumspp. selectively isolated from various black pepper growing locations of Kerala and Karnatakain enhancing the growth and nutrient uptake of black pepper cuttings. Azospirillum isolatesBPaz4 and BPaz9 recorded 67% more plant height in rooted cuttings than untreated cuttings.The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake and total dry weight was significantlysuperior in treated plants. Increase in the uptake of iron, manganese, zinc and copper wasfound in BPaz9 treatment. Colonization of rhizosphere soil and nonrhizosphere by theseisolates was found to be high. The N2-fixation capacity of the isolates BPaz4 and BPaz9showed 8.68 and 8.52 mg g-1 malate. Thus the application of these inoculants viz. BPaz4 andBPaz9 is suggested for the ecofriendly production of rooted cuttings of black pepper.
 
Impact of planting geometry on productivity and profitability of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) intercropping under rainfed condition
Get PDFSix planting patterns of turmeric and pigeonpea intercropping compared with sole turmericand sole pigeonpea at Phulbani, Orissa during 2005-06 and 2006-07 under organicenvironment. Turmeric cv. Lakadong (200 days) and pigeonpea cv. Asha (225 days) wereselected for the experiment. Well-decomposed FYM @ 20t/ha was applied as the source ofnutrient for the system. Over seasons, sole turmeric gave the maximum dry rhizome equivalentyield of 21.19 q/ha closely followed by turmeric and pigeonpea (10:2) planting in replacementseries with dry rhizome equivalent yield of 19.91 q/ha. Sole turmeric gave the maximumgross return of Rs. 61,319/ha, but turmeric and pigeonpea (10:2) intercropping proved themost remunerative with net return of Rs. 17,884/ha due to lower cost of cultivation as comparedto sole turmeric.