Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
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Book Review Spices : E V Nybe, N Mini Raj & K V Peter, New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi, 2008, 316 pp, Rs. 1910.00, ISBN 81-89422-44-8
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PCR based detection of bacterial wilt pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum in ginger rhizomes and soil collected from bacterial wilt affected field
Get PDFPCR based detection of bacterial wilt pathogen in rhizomes and soil has been describedBacterial wilt pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum was PCR detected in apparently healthyrhizomes and soil collected from fields in endemic area. The protocol offers an indexing methodfor bacterial wilt pathogen in seed rhizomes and soil. The study emphasizes the need forimposition of restriction in the movement of such rhizomes from endemic locations to nontraditional areas.
 
Effect of chemical fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller)
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) andpotash (K) on growth, seed yield and quality of fennel at the vegetable research farm,Department of Vegetable Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University,Hisar during 2002-2003 and 2003-2004. The experiment consisted of 16 treatment combinationswith four levels each of N (25, 50, 75&100 kg ha-1), P (25&50 kg ha-1) and K (25&50 kg ha-1).The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The resultsrevealed significant differences in growth and yield parameters among the treatments.Application of N at 100 kg ha-1, P at 50 kg ha-1 and K at 50 kg ha-1 recorded the maximumvalues of plant height, flowering, umbels per plant and umbellets per umbel, while seeds perumbel, seed yield (q ha-1) and harvest index was found maximum at 75 kg nitrogen, 50 kgphosphorus and 50 kg potash per hectare. However a dose of 75 kg N, 50 kg P2O5 and 25 kgK2O per hectare was found economical.
 
Occurrence of fungal diseases in vanilla (Vanilla planifolia andrews) in Kerala
Get PDFA study was carried out to evaluate the distribution and incidence of various fungal diseaseon vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews ) in major vanilla growing tracts of Kerala. The studincluded both survey and assessment of diseases as and when reported by farmers. Survewas conducted during April, May and August 2003, March 2004 and November 2005. Atotal of 111 locations (72 locations during survey and 39 locations from farmer's reportsdistributed in six districts were subjected for the study. The major disease noticed in surveduring April -May 2003 was yellowing and premature bean shedding (YPBS). The diseaswas found associated with Colletotrichum vanillae Massae, predisposed by high temperaturand low relative humidity. During August 2003, Phytophthora incited stem and bean infectiowas noticed in isolated areas in Kozhikode and Idukki districts. Survey during March 200at Kozhikode revealed the recurrence of flower shedding and YPBS, besides root rot causedby Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae . Survey during November 2005 in Wyanad area revealedthe prevalence of stem and root rot incited by Fusarium species along with leaf axil rot incitedby Colletotrichum sp. In addition, Rhizoctonia solani, Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum and Mucoracemosus were also isolated as pathogens from different symptomatic parts. Other minoinfections noticed were leaf rot, bean rot and brown rot. Fusarium and Colletotrichum sp. werthe predominant pathogens found to be associated with most of the infections on vanillaThe association of Mucor sp. with leaf and bean rot and C. quinqueseptatum with brown rowere observed as new reports of its kind on vanilla.
 
Enzyme activities of agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.) stem under pathogenesis
Get PDFCellulase, pectinase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities were determined in healthy,naturally infected and inoculated agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis) plant parts at varioustime intervals to study the changes in activities of these enzymes during pathogenesis. Samplesinfected naturally with Chaetomium globosum and Fusarium oxysporum exhibited higheractivity of all the enzymes compared to healthy samples
 
Optimization of DNA isolation and PCR parameters in Myristica sp. and related gen- era for RAPD and ISSR analysis.
Get PDFAn efficient protocol for isolation of DNA from wild and related genera of Myristica rich inpolysaccharides and polyphenols was developed. The protocol utilizes CTAB (3%), 1.5% PVPand 0.3% ß-mercaptoethanol for isolation and RNase and phenol chloroform extraction forpurification. The yield of DNA ranged from 25-175 µg/g of fresh leaf tissue, with Knemaandamanica giving the highest yield. The present method yielded 10 times higher than theold methods. Characteristic patterns were generated on digestion of DNA by EcorI and HindIII restriction enzymes. PCR parameters were optimized using random primers (OPERONTechnology, USA). DNA concentration at 20 ng/reaction, annealing temperature of 45°C, 0.3mM dNTP in presence of 0.5 U of Taq DNA polymerase, and 2.0 mM MgCl2 and MJ ResearchGene Thermocycler was best. Successful amplification by ISSR and RAPD primers indicatedthat DNA is of good quality and free of polysaccharides and polyphenols.
 
Influence of spacing and intercropping on biomass and essential oil yield of patchouli [Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth.]
Get PDFA field experiment was carried out in a semi-arid tropical climate at Bangalore (Karnataka) toinvestigate the influence of spacing (60 cm x 45 cm and 75 cm x 45 cm) and intercroppingsystems (patchouli sole crop, patchouli + blackgram, patchouli + soybean, patchouli + Frenchbean and patchouli + lady's finger) on the biomass and essential oil yield and oil quality ofpatchouli (Pogostemon cablin (cv. Johore). The spacing of 60 cm x 45 cm was superior to 75cm x 45 cm and produced 11.6 t ha-1 total biomass yield (total of two harvests; 12.1% higherthan that of 75 cm x 45 cm spacing) and 88.9 kg ha-1 total essential oil yield (10.9% greaterthan that of 75 cm x 45 cm). Intercropping with legumes and vegetables did not affect totalbiomass yield and total essential oil yield of patchouli and yielded 0.40, 0.35, 5.40 and 4.50 tha-1 over and above that of patchouli sole crop. Quality of oil was not influenced by plantspacing and intercropping systems. Maximum gross return was obtained with patchouli +French bean (Rs.1,66,470/-) followed by patchouli + lady's finger (Rs.1,51,770/-).
 
Effect of date of sowing, nitrogen levels and spacing on growth and yield of ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague)
Get PDFThe effect of three dates of sowing (15th October, 30th October and 14th November), four levelsof nitrogen (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg ha-1) and three spacings (30 cm x 10 cm, 30 cm x 20 cm and 30cm x 30 cm) on growth and yield of ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) was studied at Kumarganj(Uttar Pradesh). Sowing on 30th October significantly increased plant height, number ofprimary and secondary branches plant-1, plant spread, number of umbels plant-1, number ofumbellets umbel-1, number of seeds plant-1 and yield of seeds plant-1 and ha-1. Maximumvalues of all the parameters were obtained with application of 60 kg N ha-1. Wider spacing(30 cm x 20 cm and 30 cm x 30 cm) was found to be effective for all the characters except seedyield, which was higher at the closest spacing (30 cm x 10 cm). The interaction of dates ofsowing and nitrogen levels significantly increased primary and secondary branches plant-1as well as seed yield ha-1.
 
Studies on variability of some morphological characters in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) 1
Get PDFAnalysis of variability carried out for 15 characters in 36 diverse genotypes of fennel (Foeniculumvulgare) at Jagudan (Gujarat) revealed highly significant differences among genotypes for allthe characters studied. High genotypic and phenotypic variances were observed for days to50% flowering, days to 50% maturity, plant height, plant height up to main umbel, totalbranches plant-1, number of seeds main umbel-1 and seed yield plant-1. The highest genotypiccoefficient of variation was observed for volatile oil content in seed followed by total branchesplant-1 and number of seeds main umbel-1. Heritability estimates were high for seed yieldplant-1, days to 50% flowering, number of primary branches plant-1, total branches plant-1,test weight and volatile oil content. High genetic advance as percentage of mean was recordedfor seed yield plant-1, days to 50% flowering, primary branches plant-1, total branchesplant-1, effective umbels plant-1, number of umbellates umbel-1, number of seeds mainumbel-1, test weight and volatile oil content, suggesting that phenotypic selection for thesetraits would be effective. Overall, it is suggested that for improving yield in fennel, moreemphasis should be given to plant height, primary branches plant-1, total branches plant-1and effective umbels plant-1.
 
Random amplified polymorphic DNA technique for detection of plant based adul- terants in chilli powder (Capsicum annuum)
Get PDFThe present study reports a modified protocol for isolation of good quality DNA from chillipowder and its probable adulterants (dried red beet pulp, almond shell dust and powderedZiziphus nummularia fruits) and the utility of RAPD primers for detection of adulterants inmarketed chilli powder. Selected RAPD primers, which produced adulterant specific bands insimulated samples were used for analyzing market samples of chilli powder. Out of the sixmarket samples analyzed, one sample amplified Z. nummularia specific band indicating theoccurrence of adulteration in market samples. All the market samples tested were free fromdried red beet pulp or almond dust adulteration.