Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
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Chemical composition of volatile oil of Thymus vulgaris L. from Western Ghats of India
Get PDFThe aerial parts of Thymus vulgaris collected from Western Ghats of India were analysed foressential oil by Gas Chromatography. Forty eight compounds were detected among which36 compounds, which constituted 98.63% of the oil were identified, with thymol (61.6%),p-cymene (11.2%), ϒ-terpinene (7.4%), methyl thymol (3.9%), methyl carvacrol (3.3%) andβ-caryophyllene (2.3%) as major chemical constituents.
 
Management of anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz) Penz & Sac.) of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in the high ranges of Idukki District, Kerala
Get PDFEvaluation of contact and systemic fungicides for the management of anthracnose disease(caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) on black pepper (Piper nigrum) at Idukki District (Kerala)indicated that the incidence of the disease on leaves and spikes was significantly lower invines treated with a combination fungicide containing carbendazim + mancozeb 0.1% followedby carbendazim 0.1%. The dry berry yield was also significantly highest (742.7 g vine-1) invines treated with carbendazim + mancozeb 0.1%.
 
Chemical composition of leaf oils of Myristica beddomeii (King), Myristica fragrans (Houtt.) and Myristica malabarica (Lamk.)
Get PDFEssential oil constituents of leaves of three Myristica species namely, Myristica beddomeii, M. fragransand M. malabarica were determined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-massspectrometry. M. fragrans was dominated by monoterpenes (91%), M. beddomeii contained mono-(48%) and sesquiterpenes(35%) whereas M. malabarica was dominated by sesquiterpenes (73%).The leaf oil of M. beddomeii was dominated by α-pinene (19.59%), t-caryophyllene (14.63%) andβ-pinene (12.46%). The leaf oil of M. fragrans contained sabinene (19.07%), α-pinene (18.04%), 4-terpineol (11.83%), limonene (8.32%) and β-pinene (7.92%) as major compounds, while t-caryophyllene (20.15%), α-humulene (10.17%), nerolidol (9.25%) and δ-cadinene (6.72%) werepredominant in the oil of M. malabarica. Linalool, α-terpineol, t-caryophyllene, β-elemene and γ-elemene were present in all the three species. This is the first report on the essential oil compositionof M. beddomeii leaves.
 
Analysis of genetic divergence in basil (Ocimum spp.)
Get PDFAnalysis of 21 basil (Ocimum spp.) genotypes grown at Raipur (Chhattisgarh) revealed thata maximum of five genotypes were accommodated in clusters I and II followed by fourgenotypes in clusters III and V, and three genotypes in cluster IV. The intra-cluster distancebetween members of cluster IV was maximum followed by clusters I, II, III and V, suggestingthat the genotypes in cluster IV were relatively more diverse.
 
Effect of bio-regulators and their time of application on growth and yield of corian- der (Coriandrum sativum)
Get PDFThe effect of plant growth regulators and their time of application on growth and yield ofcoriander was studied during 2004-06 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur,Andhra Pradesh. Bioregulators used were NAA (10 & 50 ppm) and triacontonol (e 0.5 mland 1 ml/ litre). Triacontanol @1.0ml/lt recorded maximum plant height, more number ofbranches and more number of umbellets per umbel. NAA @10ppm recorded more number ofumbels per plant and increased crop duration. Maximum seed yield was recorded with NAA@10ppm followed by Triacontanol @1.0ml/lt. With regard to number of sprays two sprays at40 and 60 DAS recorded maximum seed yield, compared to one spray at 40 DAS or threesprays at 40, 60 & 80 DAS
 
Variation in the concentration and indexing black pepper plants for PYMoV and CMV through DAS-ELISA
Get PDFVariation in concentration of Piper yellow mottle virus (PYMoV) and Cucumber mosaicvirus (CMV) in stunted disease infected black pepper plants from different varieties/cultivarsduring different months of a year was studied by DAS-ELISA. Higher A405 values wererecorded from October to February in four varieties/cultivars of black pepper tested andPanniyur-1 had the highest concentration of both the viruses. Results on distribution ofthe viruses within a plant from three varieties/cultivars showed that young leaf containedhighest concentration of both the viruses while root region recorded the least. A total of2186 black pepper nursery plants from eleven varieties were indexed by DAS-ELISA for thepresence of viruses. Of these, 714 plants were found infected with either of the two viruses.Among these, IISR-Sreekara had the highest number of infected plants followed by IISR-Subhakara while Panniyur-5 had the least number of infected plants. Of the 714 plantstested positive, 390 plants exhibited no visible external symptoms indicating the necessityfor sensitive diagnosis in identifying virus-free planting material.
 
Analysis of rainfall of the high rainfall tract of northern agro-climatic zone of Kerala
Get PDFAnalysis of rainfall of the high rainfall tract of northern agroclimatic zone of Kerala wascarried out for 26 years (1980–2005) to schedule spice crop management practices precisely.The analysis indicated that the tract received 4461 mm of annual rainfall in 145 rainy days.South west monsoon (June to September) alone contributed 75% of annual rainfall and Julywas the rainiest month (1117 mm) with 27 rainy days. The length of growing period wasidentified between 18th standard week to 47th standard week (from 30th April to 25th November)with a mean rainfall of 4284.1 mm. The pre-monsoon period from 2nd April to 6th May (between14th week to 18th week) with a mean rainfall of 180.6 mm was the right time for land preparationfor annual crops like ginger (Zingiber officinale) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) and the periodbetween 30th April to 27th May (18th week to 21st week) with a mean rainfall of 244.4 mm wasideal for planting including first mulching and first schedule of fertilizer application forthese crops. The probability of getting 50 mm rainfall per week was more than 60% duringthe 19th week (7th to 13th May). This is the time for prophylactic plant protection, applicationof first schedule of fertilizer application and shade regulation for black pepper (Piper nigrum)and tree spices. The second schedule of these operations has to be done during the 36th to 39thweek (3rd to 30th September) as this period is relatively rainless (September rainfall was 349.6mm). Though the tract receives high rainfall, there is moisture stress between December andMarch and adequate moisture conservation (or irrigation wherever possible) is essentialparticularly for perennial crops in juvenile stage.
 
Nutrient management in clove (Syzigium aromaticum L.) for sustainable production
Get PDFAn experiment was carried out to formulated nutrient management for sustainable productionon 10 year old trees of clove. Both organic and NPK fertilizers were used in 6 combinations.Though no marked difference between treatments were observed the combination of 5 kg ofvermicompost, 150:300:900 g NPK and a foliar spray of 2% panchkavya recorded the highestyield
 
Effect of micro irrigation practices on growth and yield of garlic (Allium sativum L.) var. G. 41
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted at Pune (Maharashtra) to study the feasibility of microirrigation on growth, yield and yield contributing characters of garlic (Allium sativum)under Western Maharashtra conditions. Both drip and sprinkler irrigation systems improvedgrowth, yield and yield contributing parameters of garlic. Among the different irrigationmethods and levels tested, drip irrigation at 100% PE recorded the highest marketable bulbyield of garlic followed by sprinkler irrigation at 100% PE. The study indicated that in thebest treatment compared to surface method of irrigation, a saving of 37.9% irrigation waterin drip and 36.4% in sprinkler system can be achieved.
 
Influence of row spacing and nitrogen levels on herb and essential oil production and oil quality of Tagetes minuta L.
Get PDFThe influence of row spacing and levels of nitrogen application on herb and essential oilproduction and quality of oil of South American marigold (Tagetes minuta) was studied atLucknow (Uttar Pradesh). Plant rows spaced at 30 cm distance produced 26% and 69% moreherb and 20% and 47% more oil than 45 cm and 60 cm spacing, respectively. Nitrogenapplication led to linear increase in herb and essential oil production. Application of 150 kgN ha-1 produced maximum oil (71 kg ha -1) which was 142%, 49% and 23% higher, respectivelyover 0, 50 and 100 kg N ha-1. Essential oil biosynthesis was adversely affected in plants thatwere either spaced closer than 60 cm in rows or received higher quantity of nitrogen. Themajor chemical component of oil, dihydrotagetone increased with increase in row spacingand sharply decreased with increase in nitrogen level beyond 50 kg ha-1, while a reversetrend was observed for limonene, (Z)-tagetone and (Z)-tagetenone.