Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
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Standardization of planting time for optimum growth and oil production of gera- nium (Pelargonium graveolens L. Her.) under north Indian plains
Get PDFThe effect of different planting dates on survival, growth, yield and oil characteristics ofgeranium (Pelargonium graveolens L. Her.) was studied at Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh). Freshterminal stem cuttings were planted on different dates starting from 31 October 2002 to March2003 at 15 days interval. Cuttings planted in mid December recorded significantly highersurvival (93.5%), fresh biomass (539.7 q ha-1) and essential oil yield (54.9 kg ha-1) than earlieror later planted cuttings.
 
In vitro evaluation of plant extracts and bioagents against Alternaria burnsii Uppal, Patel & Kamat causing blight of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.)
Get PDFLaboratory evaluation of 14 plant extracts for growth inhibition of Alternaria burnsii, thecausal organism of blight disease of cumin (Cuminum cyminum) indicated that 5% and 10%extract of garlic cloves and ginger rhizomes were most effective resulting in 78.52% and72.96% mean inhibition, respectively. Evaluation of 11 isolates of Trichoderma spp. against thepathogen in the laboratory indicated that T. harzianum 360 and T. viride Anand were mosteffective resulting in 100% inhibition of A. burnsii.
 
Effect of solarized potting mixture on growth of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) rooted cuttings in the nursery
Get PDFSolarized potting mixture in combination with nutrients and biocontrol agents was evaluatedfor production of vigorous disease free rooted cuttings of black pepper. Plants raised insolarized potting mixture had better growth than plants raised in nonsolarized pottingmixture (soil, sand, and farm yard manure 2:1:1proportion). Among the various treatments,plants raised in solarized potting mixture with recommended nutrients (urea,superphosphate, potash and magnesium sulphate 4:3:2:1) showed significant increase innumber of leaves(5.3), length of roots (20cm), leaf area (177cm2), nutrient contents andbiomass (3.7g pl-1). The results indicated the superiority of solarized potting mixture forreducing the incidence of diseases besides yielding vigorous planting material. Cost ofproduction of rooted cuttings with biocontrol agents was found to be cheaper in the case ofrooted black pepper cuttings raised in solarized potting mixture. Bio control agents or biofertilizers can be mixed with solarized potting mixture.
 
Evaluation of fungal bioagents for management of root-knot nematodes in ginger and turmeric fields
Get PDFGinger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) are important herbaceousspices cultivated extensively in different states of India. Being vegetatively propagated, theyare challenged with several pests and diseases including plant parasitic nematodes. Root-knot nematode problem in these crops is currently managed with nematicides, cover cropsand organic amendments. Realizing the scope of biological control in these crops, a series ofexperiments were conducted at Indian Institute of Spices Research, Calicut, Kerala to screenand evaluate various fungal bioagents for control of root knot nematodes (Meloidogyneincognita) infesting ginger and turmeric under field conditions. Ten antagonistic fungi wereevaluated in different field experiments conducted in root-knot infested ginger and turmericfields at two locations. The most promising isolates that suppressed root knot nematodeswere Aspergillus nidulans (Is.10), Fusarium oxysporum (Is.11), Paecilomyces lilacinus (Is.36),Trichoderma viride (Is. 25), Verticillium lecanii (Is.35) and Pochonia chlamydosporia (Is.32). Fromthese, three fungi viz. F. oxysporum, T. viride and P. chlamydosporia were further tested inginger fields using two delivery systems, soil bed application and seed rhizome dippinggenerally applicable in dry shed treatment. The final results showed that P. chlamydosporiasignificantly suppressed root knot nematodes in ginger and gave the maximum yieldirrespective of the mode of application.
 
Storage studies of chilli (Capsicum annuum L) cultivars on germination and vigour index
Get PDFThe experiment was conducted at the Chillies Improvement Project, Regional AgriculturalResearch Station, Lam, Guntur and in the Priyanka Cold Store, Chilakaluripet Road, Gunturduring the year 2001-2002. The fresh ripe chilli cultivars viz: LCA 334, LCA 357, LCA 206,LCA 235, Paprika type, Guntur Grand and Wonder Hot were collected and Sun dried bothmoisture lend of 10-11 per cent. Then the dried chilli was packed in gunny bags in two sets.One set was kept in cold store and the other set at ambient condition. Samples were drawnat monthly intervals and subjected to seed germination and seedling vigour index. Theseeds of cultivars LCA 235, LCA 206, LCA 334 and LCA 357 recorded higher germinationpercentage and vigour index at different intervals of storage. The chilli stored in cold storeproved superior to ambient storage even for good quality seed.
 
Distribution of Pythium myriotylum Drechsler causing soft rot of ginger
Get PDFFourteen of the 29 Pythium isolates pathogenic to ginger (Zingiber officinale) collected fromvarious parts of India such as Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Sikkim and Uttar Pradesh wereidentified as Pythium myriotylum based on the size of the species-specific amplicon (150 bp)using the oligo primers Pmy5 and ITS2. The suitability of the primer combination Pmy5 (5’-gTC gCT gTT ATg gCg gAg-3’) and ITS2 (5’-gCT gCg TTC TTC ATC gAT gC-3’) (Wang et al.2003a) at the species level identification of P. myriotylum was further confirmed through thisstudy.
 
Molecular characterization of primitive, elite and exotic ginger genotypes to protect the biowealth of elite ginger accessions.
Get PDFMolecular fingerprints of elite, exotic and primitive ginger genotypes were developed usingRAPD and ISSR markers to characterize and protect the accessions. Among the 30 molecularmarkers studied, 13 could easily discriminate the genotypes. Cluster analysis of data usingUPGMA dendrogram placed the ginger genotypes into four separate groups. The groupingof elite genotype with the putative wild types in the dendrogram implies that there is somephylogenetic relationship between the putative wild types and modern cultivars. An exotictype from Japan, resembling the putative types in rhizome features, shared high similaritywith the four indigenous putative types.
 
Studies on genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
Get PDFThe present investigation was carried out with fenugreek genotypes obtained from differentcoordinating centers of AICRP on Spices. Pods per plant (36.5 and 34.61), number of seedsper pod (22.86 and 21.20) and seed yield (22.09 and 17.21) recorded highest coefficients ofvariation (both phenotypic and genotypic), while it was low for pod length (11.43 and 7.32).Heritability estimates were high for plant height (83.10), pods per plant (89.90) and seeds perpod (86.00). Seed yield (60.70) and branches per plant showed moderate estimates of heritability.The characters viz. plant height, pods per plant, seeds per pod and seed yield which recordedhigh heritability also showed high genetic advance indicating operation of additive geneaction in the inheritance of these traits. These studies indicated that selection may beworthwhile in fenugreek for number of pods per plant, seeds per pod besides plant heightfor achieving higher yields.
 
Field tolerance of ginger (Zingiber officinale) genotypes to soft rot under rainfed up- land situation
Get PDFEleven genotypes of ginger were screened for reaction to soft rot and rhizome yield at AICRPon Dryland Agriculture (OUAT), Phulbani, Orissa during 2006-07. The trial was laid out inRBD with three replications. The crop was planted during last week of June at the site whereturmeric was grown in the previous year. Soft rot incidence in ginger was recorded at 60, 75,90 and 135 days after planting (DAP). Over 8% soft rot incidence was found in ACC-35,ACC-117 and SG-666 at 60 DAP. These genotypes had severe soft rot incidence at 135 DAP.No observation on soft rot was made after 135 DAP due to senescence of some plants for dryweather. The genotypes showing minimum soft rot were Suprabha, Phulbani Local andVIC-8. Soft rot incidence was very high in ACC-117 and no yield was realized from thisgenotype. Due to severe soft rot incidence, premature drying of plants was observed in somegenotypes. Rhizome yield varied from zero (ACC-117) to 46.27 q/ha (VIC-8). However, rhizomeyields of Suprabha, VIC-8 and Phulbani Local were found to be at par. Poor performance ofdifferent genotypes was attributed to dry weather during peak growth stage and soft rotincidence.
 
Biochemical evaluation of chilli (Capsicum annuum L) cultivars suitable for export
Get PDFChilli, an important spice of India is cultivated in all the states and Union territories of thecountry. Some varieties are famous for typical red colour and others are known for pungency.A study was conducted on biochemical constituents viz., oleoresin, capsanthin and capsaicinfor two consecutive years viz; 2005-06 and 2006-07.Twenty three cultivars collected from thecoordinated centres of All India Co-ordinated Vegetable Improvement Project from all overthe country were used in this study. Among the cultivars studied, PC-7 and PC-6 fromPantnagar recorded the highest colour value of 50782 and 49456 EOA colour value respectivelyand the lowest colour value was recorded by DCL-352(19932 EOA colour value) . The highestoleoresin content was recorded by DCL 352 (13.82%) of IARI and the lowest was recorded byPC-7 (6.91%). The capsaicin content among the entries was in the range of 0.256 % (SKAU-C-101) to 0.528% (BC-40-2). From the above study, it was concluded that the cultivars viz;PC-7, PC-6 of Pantnagar and Sel 11 of Ludhiana had high colour value and similarly BC-40-2 of Bhubaneshwar had high pungency and suitable to catch high market price both indomestic and export market