Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
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Stability analysis in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) under open and mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni L.) based agroforestry system
Get PDFEight chilli genotypes (Capsicum annuum) were evaluated for yield and yield parameters underopen and mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni) based agroforestry system for stability analysis atnorthern West Bengal. Genotype and environment interactions for plant height, primaryand secondary branches, plant spread, stem girth, fruit length and diameter and yield weresignificant indicating differential response of genotypes under different environments.Significant linear and nonlinear components of genotype - environments were recorded forplant height, fruit length and yield. The chilli genotype CA-5 may be adopted for cultivationunder favourable (open) conditions in view of its stabilty. Though CA-12 and Bhaghyalakshmirecorded lower yield than the mean yield, these two genotypes were stable. Bhaghyalakshmiwas stable under open and agroforestry condition and CA-12 was specifically adapted underagroforestry condition.
 
Economic feasibility of weed management practices in cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.)
Get PDFField experiments conducted at Ajmer (Rajasthan), to find out the economic feasibility ofweed management practices in terms of weed control efficiency and performance of cumin(Cuminum cyminum) indicated that weed-free treatments resulted in maximum vegetativegrowth and seed yield (6.03 q ha-1) followed by pre-emergence application of oxadiargyl @75 g ha-1 + hand weeding at 45 days after sowing (DAS). Maximum net returns (Rs. 46,365ha-1) and highest cost : benefit ratio (1:3.48) was also obtained in pre-emergence applicationof oxadiargyl @ 75 g ha-1 + hand weeding at 45 DAS.
 
Performance of cassia [Cinnamomum cassia (Blume)] genotypes under high rainfall and high altitude Kodagu region of Karnataka
Get PDFFifteen cassia (Cinnamomum aromaticum) genotypes were evaluated for their performancefor growth and yield characters under high rainfall and high altitude Kodagu region ofKarnataka. Analysis of fresh and dry bark yield plant-1 after 7 years of planting showedsignificant variation among the genotypes. Among the genotypes, IC370405 exhibitedsuperiority in terms of dry weight (1083 g plant-1) and IC370408 was superior in quality.
 
Response of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) to 'panchgavya' and plant leaf extracts in arid western Rajasthan
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted at Jaisalmer (Rajasthan) to study the effect of foliar appliedneem (Azadirachta indica), datura (Datura metel) and tumba (Citrullus colocynthis) leaf extractsin 1:1 combination with 'panchgavya' on growth and yield of cumin (Cuminum cyminum).The results revealed that synthesis of chlorophyll and activity of nitrate reductase in freshleaves increased significantly with application of neem + panchgavya compared to control at55 and 80 days after sowing. Dry matter accumulation, branches plant-1, umbels plant-1,seeds umbel-1 and 100-seed weight also recorded significant increase with application of neem+ 'panchgavya'. Compared to control, neem + 'panchgavya' increased grain, straw andbiological yield by 58%, 72% and 65%, respectively. The content and uptake of N and P inseed and straw also recorded significant increase with application of neem + 'panchgavya'.Application of foliar sources both at branching and flowering stages recorded significantlyhigher accumulation of dry matter, yield and yield attributes, content and uptake of N and Pin seed and straw compared to single application at branching or flowering.
 
Chemical composition of nutmeg and mace (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) from Tellicherry and Kannur regions, Kerala
Get PDFThe chemical composition of nutmeg and mace of Myristica fragrans collected from Tellicherryand Kannur areas (North Kerala) was studied. The study indicated that the nutmeg andmace obtained from these areas is comparable in quality (with minor variations) to thatreported from other areas.
 
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based indexing of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) plants against Piper yellow mottle virus
Get PDFA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based method was used for indexing 845 plantsrepresenting 14 popular varieties of black pepper (Piper nigrum) showing no visible externalsymptoms (apparently healthy) for Piper yellow mottle virus (PYMoV), among which 694plants were positive (82%) for PYMoV. The percentage of infected plants ranged from 59% to100% in different varieties; 100% of the tested plants of Panniyur-6 were infected with PYMoVand Sreekara had the least number of infected plants (59%). Some of the indexed PCR positiveplants exhibited visible symptoms such as mild chlorosis, yellow specks and mottling in 1-3months after testing. The study showed that indexing by PCR successfully detected PYMoVin infected black pepper plants showing no visible symptoms. The method can be used incertification programmes to identify PYMoV-free plants for further propagation.
 
Effect of irrigation and nitrogen on water use, moisture extraction pattern, nitrogen uptake and yield of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) in north-western irrigated plains of Rajasthan
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted at Sriganganagar (Rajasthan) to study water use, water useefficiency, nitrogen uptake, yield and economics of coriander (Coriandrum sativum) cultivars(RCr 41, RCr 435) under various levels of nitrogen (20, 40 and 60 kg ha-1) and irrigation (IW/CPE ratios 0.6, 0.8 and irrigation at branching + flowering + seed formation stages). Thehighest seed yield (10.98 q ha-1), yield attributes and benefit: cost ratio (2.65) were recordedwith 60 kg nitrogen ha-1. Increasing levels of nitrogen also recorded higher consumptive useof water and nitrogen uptake. Plants under higher levels of nitrogen (60 kg ha-1) extractedmore water from the lower depth (60-90 cm) than lower level of nitrogen (20 kg ha-1). Increasein irrigation frequency significantly enhanced the yield and yield attributes of both thecultivars. Similarly, water use, nitrogen uptake and benefit:cost ratio were also higher withhigher levels of irrigation.
 
Integrated strategy to control wilt disease of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini (Schlecht) Prasad & Patel
Get PDFVarious fungicides, oilcakes and fertilizers were evaluated at Jaipur (Rajasthan) for themanagement of cumin (Cuminum cyminum) wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini.Trimethyl thiuram disulphide (0.1 g g-1 seeds) was the best fungicide which was on par withpropiconazole, carbendazim and copper oxychloride (0.1 g g-1 seeds) for the control of wilt.The disease incidence was minimum under the soil treatment with neem cake (30 q ha-1)which was on par with sesamum cake (25 q ha-1). Among the chemical and non-chemicalmanures, application of NPK @ 40 kg ha-1 was most suitable to control the disease whichwas on par with Azotobacter @ 40 kg ha-1. The disease incidence was also significantly lowerin plants grown in solarized soil. The yield was significantly higher in all treatments ascompared to control. The highest cost : benefit ratio was obtained (1:40) in thiophanatemethyl treatment followed by carbendazim. Among the combined treatments, minimumdisease incidence was recorded with solarized soil + sesamum cake @ 25 q ha-1 + seed treatmentwith carbendazim @ 0.1 g g-1 seeds followed by solarized soil + sesamum cake @ 25 q ha-1 +Azotobacter @ 40 q ha-1. However, the highest cost : benefit ratio (1:10.6) was obtained withsolarized soil + sesamum cake @ 25 q ha-1 + Azotobacter (biofertilizer) @ 40 kg ha-1. Theintegrated treatments recorded the highest grain yield and low disease incidence over controlas compared to individual application.
 
Influence of sodicity on cation composition, growth, yield and quality of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)
Get PDFField trials conducted at Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) to study the performance of chilli(Capsicum annuum) in sodic soil with four genotypes (Jwala, PC-1, KDCS-810 and LCA-235) and five levels of exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50) indicatedthe adverse effect of sodicity and hence picking of red ripe fruits may be stopped after thesixth one when there is about 25% reduction in fruit size. Maximum mean yield (fresh) wasobtained in LCA-235 (16.2 t ha-1) followed by KDCS-810 (13.1 t ha-1), PC-1 (12.0 t ha-1) andJwala (10.3 t ha-1). There was less reduction in yield of LCA-235 and KDCS-810 than Jwalaand PC-1 at higher sodicity level (ESP=40) revealing greater sodicity tolerance. Cationcomposition of different plant parts indicated salt (Na) exclusion mechanism and higher K/Na and Ca/Na ratio supporting the potential of chilli crop to endure greater degree of sodicity.Physical fruit quality with respect to length, diameter and pod weight were affected by soilsodicity and decreased with increase in soil sodicity. Oleoresin and capsaicin contents didnot vary with increase in sodicity, whereas, ascorbic acid content was reduced.
 
Effect of method of planting and harvesting time on growth, yield and quality of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted at Ludhiana (Punjab) to study the influence of method ofplanting (flat and ridge planting) and harvesting time (10 November-12 March) on growth,yield and of quality turmeric (Curcuma longa). Planting methods did not influence growth,yield and quality of turmeric significantly. Harvesting on 12th March produced maximumfresh rhizome yield of 28.94 t ha-1 (mean yield) of turmeric which was statistically on parwith 20th February (27.61 t ha-1) and 30th January (26.78 t ha-1) harvesting, but was significantlybetter than all the earlier harvesting dates. A similar trend was observed in processed turmericyield. The number and weight of rhizomes improved significantly with delay in harvesting.The oil and curcumin content also increased with delay in harvesting.