Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
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Growth and yield of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) as influenced by irri- gation levels and weed management practices
Get PDFA field experiment on effect of irrigation levels and weed management practices on growthand yield of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) was conducted at Sardarkrushinagar(Gujarat). The study indicated that irrigation at IW/CPE ratio 1.0 gave significantly higherplant height, dry matter accumulation plant-1, leaf area plant-1 and leaf area index at all thegrowth stages and seed, haulm and biological yields over IW/CPE ratios 0.8 and 0.6. Numberof branches, number of nodules and their dry weight plant-1 were also highest with irrigationat IW/CPE ratio 1.0. Days to 50% flowering and maturity significantly increased withincreasing levels of irrigation from IW/CPE ratio 0.6 to 1.0. Besides weed free treatment,higher plant height, dry matter accumulation plant-1, number of nodules and their weightplant-1, number of branches plant-1, days to 50% flowering and maturity were recorded withweed control by pre-emergence application of Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg ha-1 + Inter-culturingat 40 days after sowing (DAS) and hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS which were significantlysuperior over rest of treatments. Application of irrigation at IW/CPE ratio 1.0 along withweed control by pre-emergence application of Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg ha-1 + Inter culturingat 40 DAS is beneficial for realising better growth and productivity of fenugreek.
 
Influence of nitrogen, phosphorus and bio-fertilizers on growth characters and yield of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
Get PDFA field experiment was carried out at Sardarkrushinagar (Gujarat) to find out the optimumlevels of nitrogen and phosphorus with bio-fertilizers for obtaining higher yield in fenugreek(Trigonella foenum-graecum). Sixteen treatment combinations of two nitrogen levels (10 and 20kg N ha-1), two phosphorus levels (20 and 40 kg P2O5 ha-1) and four bio-fertilizer levels(Control, Rhizobium sp., Phosphate solublising bacteria (PSB) and Rhizobium sp. + PSB) wereevaluated in the experiment. Application of 20 kg N and 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 produced higherplant height, dry matter and leaf plant-1, leaf area index and seed and straw yields over 10 kgN and 20 kg P2O5 ha-1. Individual and combined application of both Rhizobium sp. and PSBwas at par with each other with respect to plant height but significantly better over controlduring both the years. Dry matter accumulation, leaf area index seed and straw yields werehigher with inoculation of seed with Rhizobium sp. and PSB over their individual applicationas well as control at all growth stages during both the years. Thus, application of 20 kg Nand 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 with seed inoculation by Rhizobium sp. and phosphorus solublizing bacteriais better for higher growth and yield of fenugreek.
 
Economic viability of production of kokum (Garcinia indica Choicy) in Maharashtra, India
Get PDFFinancial feasibility analysis of capital investment in kokum (Garcinia indica) in South Konkan(Sindhudurg and Ratnagiri districts in Maharashtra) revealed profitability of the enterprise.The initial investment for establishing orchards raised from seedlings and grafts were Rs.38,877 ha-1 and Rs. 69,196 ha-1, respectively. The total cost of production and gross returnswere Rs. 26,417 ha-1 and Rs. 42,820 ha-1 and Rs. 44,931 ha-1 and Rs. 45,572 ha-1, respectively fororchards raised from seedlings and grafts, with a benefit : cost ratio of 1.11 and 1.70,respectively. The net present value for both the types of orchards were positive with a payback period of 7-8 years.
 
Variability and genetic divergence in paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) 1
Get PDFNinety four paprika (Capsicum annuum) accessions were evaluated for 17 characters forvariability, heritability, genetic advance and genetic divergence at Lam, Guntur (AndhraPradesh). Higher phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation (PCV and GCV) andheritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for number of fruits plant-1,fresh fruit yield plant-1, dry fruit yield plant-1, 100 seed weight, number of seeds fruit-1 andcapsanthin, capsaicin and oleoresin contents indicating the higher magnitude of variabilityfor these traits and consequently more scope for their improvement through selection. Plantheight, plant spread and fruit diameter exhibited moderate PCV and GCV estimates suggestingthe possible role of environment in expression of these characters. Cluster analysis throughMahalanobis D2 analysis classified the 94 genotypes into 10 clusters indicating considerablegenetic diversity in the material studied.
 
Effect of water stress on seed quality of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)
Get PDFTwelve coriander (Coriandrum sativum) accessions comprising of released varieties, advancedbreeding material, regional and exotic collections were evaluated at Ajmer (Rajasthan) foreffect of water stress on seed quality parameters including total oil, essential oil, test weightand seed size. All the recorded parameters showed significant genotypic variation as well assignificant interaction of genotype with environment. Mid-term water stress did not haveadverse effect on the studied quality parameters while terminal water stress resulted inreduction in quality parameters in most of the accessions.
 
Effect of time of pruning and peeling on the bark yield of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J. Pres.) in Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted at Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, to study theeffect of time of pruning and peeling on the yield of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum)intercropped in an arecanut (Areca catechu) garden. Pruning and peeling was carried out at20 days interval from first week of June to August during both the years. The number ofbranches (31) and girth (19.98 cm) were significantly higher in 10th July pruning. Bark yieldtree-1 (both fresh and dry weight) was also significantly higher during 10th July (4.03 kgfresh and 1.22 kg dry weight) pruning indicating that this period is ideal for pruning andpeeling cinnamon in Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
 
Isozyme diversity of Garcinia gummigutta (L.) N. Robson in Western Ghat region, South India
Get PDFIsozyme genetic markers are efficient tools to study genetic variations within and betweenpopulations of less known wild species as well as for studies on spatial distribution of geneticvariation. A study was conducted with four important isozyme markers namely, peroxidase,polyphenol oxidase, esterase and superoxide dismutase in Garcinia gummigutta populationcollected from Western Ghats in South India. The cluster analysis of the marker bands showedthat most of the population from similar geographic locations was the first one to groupthemselves, though a significant pattern was not noticed. The mean percentage of polymorphicloci was 52.5%. Total heterozygocity was 0.97 which is consistent with the average of tropicaltree species.
 
Effect of phosphorus levels on growth and yield of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted at Raigarh (Chattisgarh) to study the effect of five levels ofphosphorus (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg P2O5 ha-1) on growth and yield of turmeric (Curcumalonga) (var. TCP-1). A common dose of N @ 150 kg ha-1 and K2O @ 120 kg ha-1 was applied inall the treatments. Application of phosphorus significantly influenced various growthcharacters and yield. The highest yield of fresh rhizome (156.3 q ha-1) was recorded withapplication of 150 kg P2O5 ha-1 followed by 149.2 and 147.9 ha-1 rhizomes with application of100 and 200 kg P2O5 ha-1, respectively. These treatments were significantly superior over othertreatments and on par with each other. However cost : benefit ratio was highest in thetreatment with application of 150 kg P2O5.
 
Growth and yield of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) intercropped in poplar (Populus deltoides Bartram ex Marshall) plantation at Punjab
Get PDFThe effect of planting dates and methods of planting of turmeric (Curcuma longa) intercroppedin poplar (clone Udai) (Poplulus deltoides) plantation was studied at Ludhiana (Punjab,India). The treatments consisted of three planting dates namely, 20th March, 20th April and20th May and two methods of planting, namely, ridge and flat method (60 cm x 10 cm) inpoplar plantation. The study revealed that in first year of plantation (2004-05), a fresh rhizomeyield of 9.96 t ha-1 was obtained in 20th April planting which was significantly more thanthat of 20th May planting (9.45 t ha-1). During 2005-06, a fresh rhizome yield of 8.15, 11.61and 13.95 t ha-1 was produced in 20th March, 20th April and 20th May planting dates, respectively.During 2006-07, the yields were lower and the differences in fresh rhizome yield due to 20thMay (6.33 t ha-1) and 20th April (6.43 t ha-1) planting were not significant but both theplanting dates were significantly better than 20th March (5.6 t ha-1) planting. The ridge methodof planting produced 8.0%, 11.0% and 9.8% more yield which was significantly higher thanflat method of planting during 2004-05, 2005-06 and 2006-07, respectively.
 
Nutrition of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) - a Brazilian experience
Get PDFDespite investment risk and price variations, among other difficulties, Brazilian farmers arestill investing in black pepper (Piper nigrum) cultivation due to relative price increment overthe years. Action has already been implemented, on improvement of cultivars and diagnosis,fertilization and irrigation, based on technical information for increasing the productivity ofthe crop. Adequate nutritional diagnosis, based on a proper sample method and regionalpatterns, will result in efficient input recommendation with a consequent improvement inproduction with higher sustainability. The DRIS (Diagnosis and Recommendation IntegratedSystem) has been extensively used in Brazil, which contributes to efficient nutrition diagnosisand fertilizer recommendation. The use of simple cultural procedures such as use of covercrops and organic fertilization, among others, has a great potential to control weeds, improvesoil quality and mineral nutrition in black pepper, contributing to sustainable production.This review includes information on research work being undertaken in Brazil, on blackpepper nutrition (nutrient extraction, foliar patterns, nutritional diagnosis and fertilizerrecommendations), including fertilization and diagnosis strategies for increasing theproductivity of the crop.