Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
Not a member yet
1089 research outputs found
Sort by
Effect of Azospirillum sp. and nutrients on yield of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.)
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted at Peruvannamuzhi (Kerala) to study the effect of Azospirillum sp. along with nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), boron (B) and molybdenum (Mo) on yield of black pepper (Piper nigrum). Maximum fresh yield (2207 g vine-1) was recorded in the treatment Azospirillum sp. + 50% recommended N + Mg followed by application of NPK alone. Significantly higher N, K and Mg content in the soil and N and Ca content in the leaf was observed in the treatment, 50% recommended N + Mg. Application of Azospirillum sp. increased the population of bacteria and a final population of 106 x 105 cfu (colony forming units) in the soil was recovered in the treatment 50% recommended N + Mg (0.2 kg ha-1) compared to uninoculated control
Correlation and path coefficient studies in garlic (Allium sativum L.)
Get PDFCorrelation and path coefficient analysis were studied in 32 promising germplasm lines of garlic (Allium sativum) at Karnal (Haryana). Marketable yield was positively and significantly correlated with leaves plant-1, bulb diameter, bulb size index, weight of 20 bulbs and cloves bulb-1 at genotypic and phenotypic levels and negatively correlated with weight of 50 cloves at both levels. Gross yield was positively and significantly correlated with plant height, neck thickness and negatively correlated with clove diameter and clove size index at genotypic and phenotypic levels, indicating that selection based on these traits will help in increasing the yield. At genotypic level, traits such as leaves plant-1, clove diameter, cloves bulb-1 and weight of 50 cloves showed a positive direct effect on yield. Clove diameter had maximum positive direct effect (0.744) followed by weight of 50 cloves (0.547), cloves bulb-1 (0.313) and leaves plant-1 (0.288). The highest negative direct effect was noted for clove size index (-0.874), followed by neck thickness (-0.341), weight of 20 bulbs (-0.264) and plant height (-0.057). The estimates of direct and indirect effect on yield were more pronounced in genotypic path than phenotypic path coefficient. The study thus indicated that weight of 20 bulbs, bulb size index, weight of 50 cloves and cloves bulb-1 produced higher positive direct effect on yield and should be given emphasis during selection for improvement of garlic.
 
Influence of sodicity on growth, yield, quality and ionic composition of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)
Get PDFThe influence of sodicity on growth, yield and curcumin content of turmeric (Curcuma longa) grown in Typic Natrustalfs soil at Banthra, Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) was studied. The experiments were laid out in a split plot design with five levels of soil exchangeable sodium percentage (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50) as main plot treatments and four varieties (Local BRS, KTS-1, Rajendra Sonia and Meducar) as sub-plot treatments with three replications. The results showed that emergence of rhizomes was marginally affected due to sodicity. However, an adverse effect of sodicity on number of tillers clump-1 rather than plant height and number of leaves was observed. The estimated fresh rhizome yield on sodic soil followed the order of Meducar (4.8 t ha-1) > Local BRS (4.4 t ha-1) > KTS-1 (4.29 t ha-1) > Rajendra Sonia (3.68 t ha-1). The highest cured rhizome yield (0.96 t ha-1) was obtained in Meducar followed by Local BRS > KTS-1 > Rajendra Sonia. The curcumin content was higher in Local BRS (9.6%) and Meducar (10.5%) than other genotypes grown in sodic soil. An accumulation of nutritionally adequate amount of potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) besides maintenance of greater K/Na (5.9) and Ca/Na (5.6) ratios in the foliage at ESP 20 indicated the potential of turmeric to withstand mild sodicity.
 
Growth and yield of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) as influenced by irrigation, nutrient levels and crop geometry
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted during 2003-06 at Ajmer (Rajasthan) to study the growth, profitability and productivity of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) as influenced by irrigation (12, 15 and 18 days interval), nutrients levels (N and P2O5 each at 60/30, 90/40 and 120/50 kg ha-1) and crop geometry (40 cm x 25 cm, 50 cm x 25 cm and 60 cm x 25 cm). Significantly higher yield attributes, seed yield and N, P and K uptake was obtained with 15 days irrigation interval. Growth parameters, yield attributes, yield and N, P and K uptake were significantly higher with application of 120 kg N and 50 kg P2O5 ha-1. Crop geometry of 60 cm x 25 cm resulted in significantly higher seed yield. Thus, irrigation at 15 days interval with 120 kg N and 50 kg P2 O5 ha-1 at 60 cm x 25 cm was optimum for realizing higher yield, profitability and productivity of fennel.
 
Incidence of Phoma leaf spot disease of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) and in vitro evaluation of fungicides against the pathogen
Get PDFSurveys conducted in 17 locations in North East India indicated that the incidence of Phoma leaf spot disease of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum.) caused by P. hedericola ranged from 5% to 15%. Six fungicides were evaluated in vitro against the pathogen and carbendazim 50WP was significantly effective at allconcentrations (0.05% - 0.15%) tested followed by carbendazim + mancozeb 75WP (0.1% - 0.4%).
 
Genetic variability and character association in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
Get PDFSixty four genotypes of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) were evaluated for geneticvariability, correlation and path coefficient analysis at Jagudan (Gujarat). Phenotypic andgenotypic coefficients of variability were high for grain yield plant-1, number of pods plant-1and number of primary branches plant-1. Moderate heritability estimates along with highgenetic advance as percentage of mean were recorded for number of pods plant-1. Highheritability estimates along with moderate to low genetic advance as percentage of meanwere recorded for days to maturity and plant height. Grain yield was positively correlatedwith number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1 and 1000 seed weight. Results of pathanalysis revealed that number of pods plant-1, days to 50% flowering and test weight hadhighest positive direct effects on grain yield. It was concluded that improvement of seed yieldin fenugreek is possible through selection for number of pods and seed weight throughnumber of grains and length of pods.
 
Growth, yield and quality of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) as influenced by planting method, plant density and planting material
Get PDFA study was carried out at Ludhiana (Punjab) to evaluate the effect of planting method,plant density and planting material on growth, yield and quality of turmeric (Curcuma longa).The experiment consisted of two planting methods (flat and ridge), three plant densities(1,66,667; 1,11,111 and 83,333 plants ha-1) and three types of planting material (mother, primaryand secondary rhizomes). Fresh rhizome yield of 164.8 and 160.3 q ha-1 (pooled data) wasproduced in flat and ridge method of planting but the differences were non-significant. Closerplant spacing or higher plant density produced highest fresh, dry and processed turmericyield and it decreased with decrease in plant density; whereas, number and weight of rhizomesincreased with decrease in plant density. Use of mother rhizome as planting material resultedin better emergence (86.6% and 83.1%), taller plants (49.6 and 50.0 cm) with more number ofleaves and leaf area index (4.4 and 3.8), more tillers plant-1 (2.7 and 3.1), higher number(17.09 and 23.89) and weight (136.96 and 227.66 g) of total rhizomes plant-1 as compared touse of primary and secondary fingers as planting material during 2003-04 and 2004-05,respectively. Planting of mother rhizomes produced highest fresh (207.7 q ha-1), dry (46.0 qha-1) and processed (44.1 q ha-1) turmeric yield and it decreased significantly with decrease inseed size. Curcumin content did not change due to different planting methods, plant densitiesand planting materials.
 
Ideotype concept in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.)
Get PDFAn attempt has been made to describe the crop ideotype characteristics for black pepper(Piper nigrum). It is proposed that the black pepper ideotype should have acute branch angles(450) at the top and more wider branch angles at the bottom (600). The fruiting branchesshould be well spread from top to bottom of the canopy. To harvest maximum light especiallyby the bottom canopy, the leaf angle should be more at the bottom (130-1400) compared tothe top (100-1100). It is desirable that within a branch, the bottom leaves have lengthierpetioles than the top leaves. The vine should have a high photosynthetic rate (minimum of3.0–3.5 μ moles), more than 90% bisexual flowers with >95% self pollination, increased spikelength (≥12 cm) and more number of berries spike-1 (≥70). Fruit set should be ≥80% andshould yield at least 2.5–3.0 kg dry berries vine-1. Among the cultivars/varieties studied,Panniyur 1 was found to possess more number of traits for the proposed ideotype comparedto other cultivars/varieties.
 
Evaluation of Trichoderma spp. along with farm yard manure for the management of Fusarium wilt of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.)
Get PDFThe efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride used as seed treatment and soil applicationwith and without farm yard manure in controlling wilt of cumin (Cuminum cyminum) causedby Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini was studied at Bikaner (Rajasthan) in pathogen inoculatedsoil under green house condition. The two antagonists were evaluated as seed treatment @ 4,6 and 8 g kg-1 seed; in case of soil application, these were evaluated @ 5 g kg-1 soil. Among the12 combinations tested, maximum reduction in disease incidence was recorded when T.harzianum was used as seed treatment @ 4 g kg-1 seed + soil application @ 5 g kg-1 soil alongwith soil amendment of farm yard manure @ 10 kg-1 soil. This treatment also resulted inhighest dry weight of cumin plants.
 
Growth, yield and profitability of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) as influenced by varying levels of growth regulators and vermin-wash
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted at Sardarkrushinagar (Gujarat) to study influence ofgrowth regulators (naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and ethephon) on growth, yield andprofitability of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum). Dry matter accumulation, crop growthrate, relative growth rate, seed, straw and biological yields, net realization and benefit : costratio were significantly higher with foliar spray of NAA 30 ppm, followed by ethephon 150ppm and NAA 20 ppm.