Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
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Physical and biochemical parameters of fresh and dry ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)
Get PDFThe physical and biochemical properties of fresh and dry ginger (Zingiber officinale) (cv: Himachal) obtained from Nemmara (Palakkad District, Kerala), useful for the design of processing machineries, were determined. The average moisture content of fresh and dry rhizomes were 81.70% and 8.85%, respectively. The average length, width and thickness of fresh rhizome were 14.99 cm, 8.17 cm and 4.49 cm, respectively and the corresponding values for dry rhizome were 9.74 cm, 5.56 cm and 4.49 cm. The mean values of cylindricity for primary, secondary and tertiary finger rhizomes were 0.46, 0.51 and 0.56, respectively and the corresponding values for dry finger rhizomes were 0.48, 0.53 and 0.58. The average mass, volume and surface area of fresh rhizomes were 103.45 g, 85.0 cm3 and 194.52 cm2, respectively and the corresponding values for dry rhizomes were 31.62 g, 22.10 cm3 and 65.84 cm2. The bulk density, true density and porosity for fresh rhizomes were determined as 471.49 kg m-3, 1107.01 kg m-3 and 66.80%, respectively, and for dry rhizomes the values were 460.09 kg m-3, 1013.22 kg m-3 and 54.09%. The angle of repose increased from 34.6° to 39.5° after drying. Mild steel surface offered more frictional resistance than other surfaces and the coefficient of friction for fresh and dry ginger against mild steel was 0.74 and 0.54, respectively. The average meat : peel ratio of the whole fresh rhizome was 10.7:1. The average recovery of dry ginger was 23.01%. The dry ginger obtained had 1.6% essential oil, 3.5% oleoresin and 2.7% crude fibre.
 
Influence of sodicity on growth, yield, quality and ionic composition of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)
Get PDFThe influence of sodicity on growth, yield and curcumin content of turmeric (Curcuma longa) grown in Typic Natrustalfs soil at Banthra, Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) was studied. The experiments were laid out in a split plot design with five levels of soil exchangeable sodium percentage (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50) as main plot treatments and four varieties (Local BRS, KTS-1, Rajendra Sonia and Meducar) as sub-plot treatments with three replications. The results showed that emergence of rhizomes was marginally affected due to sodicity. However, an adverse effect of sodicity on number of tillers clump-1 rather than plant height and number of leaves was observed. The estimated fresh rhizome yield on sodic soil followed the order of Meducar (4.8 t ha-1) > Local BRS (4.4 t ha-1) > KTS-1 (4.29 t ha-1) > Rajendra Sonia (3.68 t ha-1). The highest cured rhizome yield (0.96 t ha-1) was obtained in Meducar followed by Local BRS > KTS-1 > Rajendra Sonia. The curcumin content was higher in Local BRS (9.6%) and Meducar (10.5%) than other genotypes grown in sodic soil. An accumulation of nutritionally adequate amount of potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) besides maintenance of greater K/Na (5.9) and Ca/Na (5.6) ratios in the foliage at ESP 20 indicated the potential of turmeric to withstand mild sodicity.
 
Effect of thiourea on yield and nutrient uptake of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) varieties under normal and late sown conditions
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted on loamy sand soil at Jobner (Rajasthan) during rabi season to study the effect of thiourea on yield and nutrient uptake of coriander (Coriandrum sativum) varieties under normal and late sown conditions. The crop sown at normal sowing time (last week of October) produced significantly higher seed yield (14.2 qha-1), straw yield (23.9 qha-1) and total uptake (14.2 kgha-1) of phosphorus (P) as compared to late sown crop. The concentration of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) in seed and straw were significantly higher under late sown condition over normal sowing. The variety RCr-435 gave higher seed and straw yield, N and K concentrations in seed and straw and total uptake of N, P and K as compared to RCr-41. Application of thiourea (1000 ppm) at vegetative and flowering stages significantly increased the seed (24.6%) and straw yields (25.8%), N (25.6% and 27.3%) and K (25.2% and 26.0%) concentrations in seed and straw and total uptake of N, P and K as compared to water sprayed control.
 
Effect of integrated nutrient management through vermicompost and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and oil quality of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L’ Her. ex Ait.) grown on alfisol
Get PDFThe effect of vermicompost and inorganic fertilizers (NPK) on growth, herbage, essential oil yield, oil quality and nutrient uptake pattern of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) was studied at Bengaluru in a semi-arid climate. Among the five treatments compared, the combination of vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + 50% recommended NPK fertilizer (100 : 25 : 25 kg ha-1) gave significantly better growth, high fresh herbage yield and oil yield which was on par with full dose of fertilizer NPK (200 : 50 : 50 kg ha-1). A similar pattern was noticed in case of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake by plants. Oil content and oil quality were not influenced by vermicompost and inorganic fertilizers, alone or in combination.
 
Heterosis and inbreeding depression in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)
Get PDFInvestigations were carried out at Jagudan (Gujarat) to study the extent of heterosis and inbreeding depression through six generation mean analysis for yield and yield attributing characters in chilli (Capsicum annuum). The magnitude of heterosis and heterobeltiosis was significant in desired direction with moderate to high for green fruit yield, secondary branches, fruit length; high for number of fruits plant-1, ripe/dry fruit weight and seed to pericarp ratio and low for flowering and ripening of fruit. The cross combinations JCh-676 x JCh-659 showed the highest estimate of relative heterosis and heterobeltiosis for dry fruit yield. All the crosses also revealed inbreeding depression for most of the characters. These traits can be improved effectively through pedigree method of selection. In general, the crosses JCh-730 x JCh-725 and JCh-676 x JCh-659 were identified as promising hybrids since they depicted significant heterosis for green and dry fruit yield and its important yield contributing characters.
 
Effect of vermicompost and chemical fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) in a semi-arid tropical climate
Get PDFField experiments were conducted at Bangalore (semi-arid tropical climate) to study the influence of vermicompost and chemical fertilizers (NPK and sulphur) on growth, seed and oil yield and oil quality of coriander (Coriandrum sativum). The results of the study showed that application of vermicompost (7.5 t ha-1) + 25% recommended NPK (25 : 12.5 : 12.5 kg ha-1) produced maximum biomass (28.2 q ha-1), seed (10.82 q ha-1) and oil yield (6.53 kg ha-1) of coriander which was at par with other treatments except full organic manure and control which indicated that 75% NPK requirement can be supplemented through vermicompost without loss of yield. The oil content and quality were not influenced by the treatments tested.
 
Variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum L.) under water limited conditions
Get PDFGenetic variability, character association and path analysis between yield and its component traits were carried out in 48 genotypes of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) at Udaipur (Rajasthan). Highly significant differences between genotypes were recorded for all the characters studied. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation coupled with high heritability and high genetic advance was observed for seed yield plot-1, biological yield plot-1, harvest index and pods plant-1 indicating the importance of additive gene effects for these traits. Biological yield plot-1 and harvest index exhibited positive and significant correlation with seed yield while days to 50% flowering exhibited negative and significant association with seed yield. Path coefficient analysis revealed that biological yield plot-1 had highest positive direct effect on seed yield followed by branches plant-1, pod length and test weight. It was concluded that improvement in the seed yield of fenugreek is possible through selection for biological yield plot-1, harvest index, branches plant-1, pod length and test weight.
 
Character association in paprika (Capsicum annuum/i L.)1
No full textCorrelation studies conducted in 94 diverse genotypes of paprika (Capsicum annuum) grown at Lam (Andhra Pradesh) indicated that dry fruit yield plant-1 showed significant and positive association with plant height, plant spread, number of fruits plant-1, fruit girth, seeds fruit-1 and capsanthin content. Path coefficient studies revealed that number of fruits plant-1 had the highest positive direct effect on dry fruit yield plant-1. Number of fruits plant-1, plant height, plant spread, number of seeds fruit-1, days to maturity and capsanthin content (in the given order) were important yield and quality components having direct bearing on dry fruit yield and hence can be considered while breeding for improved yield in paprika
Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of patchouli [Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth.] in a semi-arid tropical climate
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted for two years at Bangalore, to study the influence of organic (vermicompost) and inorganic fertilizers (NPK) on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) in a semi-arid tropical climate. The results revealed that application of vermicompost (5 t ha-1) + 50% NPK (100 : 25 : 25 kg ha-1) produced significantly higher herbage and oil yield (13.98 t ha-1 and 83.4 kg ha-1), respectively, which was on par with recommended dose of NPK (200 : 50 : 50 kg ha-1). Application of vermicompost (5 t ha-1) + 50% NPK (100 : 25 : 25 kg ha-1) increased the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake, respectively, which was at par with recommended dose of NPK (200 : 50 : 50 kg ha-1). Oil content was not influenced by organic and inorganic fertilizers.
 
Variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum L.) under water limited conditions
Get PDFGenetic variability, character association and path analysis between yield and its component traits were carried out in 48 genotypes of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) at Udaipur (Rajasthan). Highly significant differences between genotypes were recorded for all the characters studied. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation coupled with high heritability and high genetic advance was observed for seed yield plot-1, biological yield plot-1, harvest index and pods plant-1 indicating the importance of additive gene effects for these traits. Biological yield plot-1 and harvest index exhibited positive and significant correlation with seed yield while days to 50% flowering exhibited negative and significant association with seed yield. Path coefficient analysis revealed that biological yield plot-1 had highest positive direct effect on seed yield followed by branches plant-1, pod length and test weight. It was concluded that improvement in the seed yield of fenugreek is possible through selection for biological yield plot-1, harvest index, branches plant-1, pod length and test weight.