Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
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In vitro evaluation of biocontrol agents, botanicals and fungicides against Pestalotiopsis sp. infecting large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.)
Get PDFCommercially available biological control agents (Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis), aqueous extracts of plant species (Artemisia vulgaris and Schima wallichi) and four fungicides were screened in vitro at Tadong (Sikkim), against Pestalotiopsis sp. infecting large cardamom (Amomum subulatum). B. subtilis showed significantly high inhibition (62.6%) of the pathogen followed by T. viride (50.9%). Inhibition of mycelial growth of Pestalotiopsis sp. by combined aqueous extract of A. vulgaris and S. wallichi varied from 12.2% to 74.5% and was significantly higher at 15% concentration. Inhibition of the pathogen increased with increase in concentration of the extract. The growth inhibition of the pathogen increased with increase in concentration of all fungicides tested. Carbendazim 50WP was significantly effective at all concentrations tested (0.05%-0.15%). The study indicated the potential of using biocontrol agents and botanicals for eco-friendly management of Pestalotiopsis sp. infecting large cardamom and fungicides in case the incidence is severe
Effect of thiourea on yield and nutrient uptake of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) varieties under normal and late sown conditions
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted on loamy sand soil at Jobner (Rajasthan) during rabi season to study the effect of thiourea on yield and nutrient uptake of coriander (Coriandrum sativum) varieties under normal and late sown conditions. The crop sown at normal sowing time (last week of October) produced significantly higher seed yield (14.2 qha-1), straw yield (23.9 qha-1) and total uptake (14.2 kgha-1) of phosphorus (P) as compared to late sown crop. The concentration of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) in seed and straw were significantly higher under late sown condition over normal sowing. The variety RCr-435 gave higher seed and straw yield, N and K concentrations in seed and straw and total uptake of N, P and K as compared to RCr-41. Application of thiourea (1000 ppm) at vegetative and flowering stages significantly increased the seed (24.6%) and straw yields (25.8%), N (25.6% and 27.3%) and K (25.2% and 26.0%) concentrations in seed and straw and total uptake of N, P and K as compared to water sprayed control.
 
Use of indigenous plant products for management of pests and diseases of spices and condiments: Indian perspective
Get PDFPlant derived preparations and formulated commercial products have great potential for ecofriendly management of pests and diseases of spice and condiment crops in India. These products act as antifeedant, growth regulator, repellent and a direct mortality factor against pests and as inhibitor of sporulation and development of hyphae of fungal pathogens. However, further research on field application, residual toxicity, synergistic action and hazardous effects on non-target organisms are needed.
 
Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of patchouli [Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth.] in a semi-arid tropical climate
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted for two years at Bangalore, to study the influence of organic (vermicompost) and inorganic fertilizers (NPK) on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) in a semi-arid tropical climate. The results revealed that application of vermicompost (5 t ha-1) + 50% NPK (100 : 25 : 25 kg ha-1) produced significantly higher herbage and oil yield (13.98 t ha-1 and 83.4 kg ha-1), respectively, which was on par with recommended dose of NPK (200 : 50 : 50 kg ha-1). Application of vermicompost (5 t ha-1) + 50% NPK (100 : 25 : 25 kg ha-1) increased the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake, respectively, which was at par with recommended dose of NPK (200 : 50 : 50 kg ha-1). Oil content was not influenced by organic and inorganic fertilizers.
 
Hail injury in large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) at high altitudes of Sikkim
Get PDFHail injury as an abiotic stress factor affecting large cardamom (Amomum subulatum) in Sikkim during February-May and its implications are described. Hail damage to foliage appeared as bruising, shredding or physical mangling and on the pseudostem as open, ragged-edged wounds. In addition to direct damage caused by hails the wounds also served as infection court for fungal pathogens. Since hail occurred at flowering stage (February-May) of large cardamom, it resulted in physical damage of floral parts too and thus affected the yield.
 
Use of indigenous plant products for management of pests and diseases of spices and condiments: Indian perspective
Get PDFPlant derived preparations and formulated commercial products have great potential for ecofriendly management of pests and diseases of spice and condiment crops in India. These products act as antifeedant, growth regulator, repellent and a direct mortality factor against pests and as inhibitor of sporulation and development of hyphae of fungal pathogens. However, further research on field application, residual toxicity, synergistic action and hazardous effects on non-target organisms are needed.
 
Character association in paprika (Capsicum annuum/i L.)1
No full textCorrelation studies conducted in 94 diverse genotypes of paprika (Capsicum annuum) grown at Lam (Andhra Pradesh) indicated that dry fruit yield plant-1 showed significant and positive association with plant height, plant spread, number of fruits plant-1, fruit girth, seeds fruit-1 and capsanthin content. Path coefficient studies revealed that number of fruits plant-1 had the highest positive direct effect on dry fruit yield plant-1. Number of fruits plant-1, plant height, plant spread, number of seeds fruit-1, days to maturity and capsanthin content (in the given order) were important yield and quality components having direct bearing on dry fruit yield and hence can be considered while breeding for improved yield in paprika
Effect of organic manures and microbial inoculants on yield, root colonization and total bacterial population in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) intercropped in arecanut (Areca catechu L.) garden
Get PDFThe effect of combination of organic manures namely, compost, vermicompost, phosphocompost and mustard cake and microbial inoculants namely, Azospirillum brasilense and arbuscular mycorrhiza (Glomus fasciculatum) were evaluated for the organic production of turmeric (Curcuma longa) (cv. Suguna) grown as intercrop in arecanut (Areca catechu) (cv. Mohitnagar) plantation at Mondouri (Nadia, West Bengal) A significant difference in rhizome yield was noticed when organic manure-microbial inoculant combination was applied when compared with recommended dose of fertilizers (inorganic). Among different treatment combinations tried, the most effective treatment was vermicompost + Azospirillum sp. + Glomus sp. (28.94 t ha-1), followed by compost + Azospirillum sp. + Glomus sp. (26.93 t ha-1), as compared to recommended inorganic NPK (24.11 t ha-1). Maximum root colonisation (74%) with microbial inoculants at 180 days after planting was observed with vermicompost + Azospirillum sp. + Glomus sp. Maximum bacterial population (105.25 x 105 CFU g-1 soil) at harvest was noticed in compost + Azospirillum sp. + Glomus sp., as compared to lowest population with recommended NPK (56.35 x 105 CFU g-1 of soil).
 
Mechanical and thermal properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)
Get PDFMechanical properties of fresh and stored (under ambient conditions for 2 months) ginger rhizomes (Zingiber officinale) (cv. Himachal) necessary for the design of processing machineries, were determined. Thermal properties were determined for fresh and dry ginger. Mechanical properties like peel penetration force for primary, secondary and tertiary finger rhizomes increased from 0.45 N, 0.52 N and 0.51 N to 0.60 N, 0.70 N and 0.65 N, respectively; the peel compressive force at rupture increased from 20.12 N, 19.86 N and 17.56 N to 22.58 N, 21.21 N and 19.67 N, respectively, and the cutting force required to penetrate through peel increased from 31.56 N, 27.68 N and 26.57 N to 32.71 N, 28.93 N and 28.16 N, respectively, in fresh and stored ginger rhizomes. Thermal properties like specific heat, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity for fresh ginger were 3566.87 J kg-1 K-1, 0.2916 W m-1 K-1 and 0.8609 x 10-7 m2 s-1 and the corresponding values for dry ginger at 10% moisture content were 1918.81 J kg-1 K-1, 0.0760 W m-1 K-1 and 1.7339 x 10-7 m2 s-1, respectively.
 
Effect of Azospirillum sp. and nutrients on yield of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.)
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted at Peruvannamuzhi (Kerala) to study the effect of Azospirillum sp. along with nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), boron (B) and molybdenum (Mo) on yield of black pepper (Piper nigrum). Maximum fresh yield (2207 g vine-1) was recorded in the treatment Azospirillum sp. + 50% recommended N + Mg followed by application of NPK alone. Significantly higher N, K and Mg content in the soil and N and Ca content in the leaf was observed in the treatment, 50% recommended N + Mg. Application of Azospirillum sp. increased the population of bacteria and a final population of 106 x 105 cfu (colony forming units) in the soil was recovered in the treatment 50% recommended N + Mg (0.2 kg ha-1) compared to uninoculated control