Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
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Effect of seed pelleting on yield and storage quality in Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill): Seed pelleting in fennel
No full textThe current investigation on the effect of seed pelleting on germination, plant establishment and seed yield in fennel was carried out in two seasons during Rabi 2017 and 2018. The experiment consisted of 17 seed pelleting treatments along with the control. Field emergence (93.1 %), umbels per plant (26.61) and seed yield (1376 kg ha-1) were highest in seeds pelleted with Lignite +Azospirillum and higher number of seeds per plant (397) was obtained in Lignite+Gum Arabic, whereas, days to 50 % field emergence, plant height and test weight showed non-significant differences among the treatments. Lignite + gum Arabic pelleting recorded maximum seed germination (65 %) at the end of six months storage period. In general, seeds pelleted with Lignite and coated with Azospirillum showed better performance both in terms of yield and storability
Productive and profitable black pepper based mixed cropping systems involving tuber crops: Black pepper based mixed cropping systems
No full textAn experiment on pepper based mixed cropping systems involving tuber intercrops was carried out at Pepper Research Station (Kerala Agricultural University), Panniyur, Kannur during 2013-14 to 2022-23. Five different black pepper based mixed cropping systems which accommodated five different tropical tuber crops were experimented. The data pertaining to 2020-21, 2021-22 and 2022-23 were separately recorded and the pooled mean worked out for individual crop yields as well as equivalent yields and economics of cultivation of the different systems. The pooled equivalent yield for black pepper + greater yam and black pepper + elephant foot yam mixed cropping systems were recorded in terms of base crop black pepper as 1239.28 and 1214.25 kg ha-1 respectively, significantly superior to all other mixed cropping systems. The equivalent yield recorded for black pepper sole cropping was 561.73 kg ha-1 only. The pooled data revealed higher profitability for black pepper + greater yam mixed cropping system with gross returns, net returns and B:C ratio of Rs. 619637 ha-1, Rs.440043 ha-1 and 3.45 respectively. For black pepper + elephant foot yam system, the respective values were Rs. 607126 ha-1, Rs. 440043 ha-1 and 3.57. The soil properties were also favourably maintained under mixed cropping as that in sole cropping of black pepper as indicated by soil nutrient analysis conducted at the end of the field experiment
Biology of aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover in cumin: Biology of cumin aphid
No full textThe experiment on biology of aphid, Aphis gossypii infesting cumin crop was conducted under ambient conditions in the Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Station, Mandor, Jodhpur. The study was conducted on potted plants of cumin variety GC-4. The aphid, A. gossypii nymphs were moulted four times before attaining the adult stage. The mean body length, width, antennal length and cornicle length of first, second, third and fourth instar nymphs were 0.50 ± 0.04, 0.28 ± 0.03, 0.28 ± 0.02 and 0.036 ± 0.01 mm; 0.90 ± 0.04, 0.38 ± 0.04, 0.40 ± 0.03 and 0.065 ± 0.01 mm; 1.11 ± 0.05, 0.49 ± 0.04, 0.54 ± 0.03 and 0.095 ± 0.01 mm and 1.31 ± 0.06, 0.65 ± 0.05, 0.64 ± 0.04 and 0.175 ± 0.01 mm, respectively. The mean body length, width, antennal length and cornicle length of adult aphid were 1.68 ± 0.06, 0.71 ± 1.53, 0.88 ± 0.02 and 0.266 ± 0.01 mm, respectively. The mean duration period of first, second, third and fourth instar nymphs were 1.30 ± 0.42, 2.05 ± 0.62, 2.40 ± 0.52 and 1.45 ± 0.45 days, respectively. The total nymphal duration was 7.75 ± 1.61 days. The mean longevity of adult aphid was 9.65 ± 1.75 days with an entire life span of 17.75 ± 2.91 days. The pre-reproductive, reproductive and post-reproductive periods were 1.35 ± 0.56, 7.20 ± 1.47 and 1.75 ± 0.71 days, respectively. The fecundity of the adult female was 24.45 ± 6.21 nymphs per female and the intrinsic rate of single female per day was an average of 4.80 ± 2.01 nymphs/day
Patterns in genetic variation and character association of yield components in turmeric (curcuma longa L.): Genetic variation & character association in turmeric
No full textUnderstanding genetic variability patterns of turmeric yield traits is essential to develop new genotypes with improved traits. The objective of the present study was to investigate the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and association of various yield components in turmeric genotypes. The experiment was conducted for two seasons during 2021-22 and 2022-23 using 21 turmeric genotypes at ICAR-IISR, Experimental farm, Peruvannamuzhi, Kerala. The results indicate that the genotypes exhibited significant variation across two seasons for most traits, with the exception of collar girth, weight of primary rhizomes per clump, and number of primary rhizomes per clump, which suggests the presence of genetic variability in the genotypes. Maximum fresh rhizome yield per clump was recorded in the genotype, IISR Pragati. The Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) was found to be moderate to high for most of the traits except plant height, leaf lamina length, collar girth and fresh rhizome yield per plant, whereas, Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV) was found to be moderate to high for all the traits except plant height. Heritability was observed moderate to high for all the traits except collar girth, number of primaries per clump, weight of primaries rhizomes per clump and fresh rhizome yield per plant. The petiole length, total leaf area, weight of mother rhizomes per clump and number of mother rhizomes per clump showed high heritability along with genetic advance. Correlation analysis suggested that weight of mother rhizomes per clump had a strong positive association with plant height, number of leaves, leaf lamina length, leaf lamina width, leaf area, total leaf area, and collar girth and had a weak positive relationship with fresh rhizome yield per plant and petiole length. The path analysis revealed, total leaf area, fresh rhizome yield per plant and number of primaries per clump have high direct positive effects with weight of mother rhizomes per clump. The high heritability and genetic advance observed for above mentioned traits suggest that exercising a simple selection could indirectly improve the low heritable low genetic advance traits such as fresh rhizome yield per plant as indicated by correlation and path analysis
Genetic variability analysis in elite black pepper genotypes using morpho-physiological and yield-attributing traits : Genetic variability analysis in black pepper
No full textThe genetic variability in selected 21 black pepper accessions was analyzed based on desirable drought-tolerant and susceptible characteristics using principal component and cluster analyses. The experiment was conducted at ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Experimental farm, Peruvannamuzhi, Kozhikode using a randomized block design with four replications. Morphological, physiological and yield contributing traits were studied. The traits examined showed a comprehensive range of variability. The principal component and UPGMA clustering analyses were employed to assess the proportional contribution of various traits and grouped the genotypes, respectively. The first principal component was responsible for the highest variation (30.87%) in the yield-related characteristics, which were positively correlated with each other and correlated negatively with the morphological characteristics and stomatal frequency. Separate clusters were formed for the genotypes that displayed drought-tolerant characteristics (cluster 2 and 3) and those that showed susceptible characteristics (cluster 1). The results indicated that the analysed black pepper genotypes have significant genetic variability among them which may be helpful for identification of genotypes with desirable drought tolerant characteristics. Accessions 7211 (cluster 2), 1495, 1343 and 4132 (cluster 3) showed characteristics that make them potentially drought tolerant while the accessions 5717 and 4064 (cluster 1) showed drought susceptible traits
Virus-mealybug relationship in the transmission of piper yellow mottle virus: Virus-mealybug relationship
No full textIn the current study, the piper yellow mottle virus (PYMoV)-mealybug (Ferrisia virgata) relationship in the transmission of PYMoV in black pepper was determined. The mealybug F. virgata collected from healthy black pepper plants was reared on a pumpkin in the laboratory and used to determine the acquisition access period (AAP), retention period (RP) and inoculation access period (IAP) for the transmission of PYMoV. The crude extract isolated from black pepper plants and mealybugs were tested through PCR using PYMoV-specific primers. The study determined 30 min, 8 h, and 30 min as the AAP, RP, and IAP respectively, indicating the semipersistent type of transmission of PYMoV
Floral biology insights into essential oil yield and chemical composition in davana (Artemisia pallens Bess), a high-value aromatic plant of India: Floral biology of davana
No full textFloral organs are identified as the major source of essential oil production in some prime aromatic plants. The quality and quantity of the essential oil are also influenced by the floral developmental stages. The present study was undertaken in A. pallens Bess (davana) with respect to its floral biology and floral sequence in relation to the essential oil yield and its chemical constituents for industrial extraction. The findings revealed that floral (inflorescence) biomass is the primary source of essential oil yield in davana, with the highest oil yield (0.90 ml/100 g) recovered during the blooming stage, followed by herbage (stems and leaves) biomass. Furthermore, cis-davanone, the major chemical constituent of davana essential oil, was recorded at a higher percentage in the bud stage (66.36±0.60%) followed by the blooming stage (60.56±0.20%) and the seed setting stage (40.54±0.80%). These findings can be used to optimize harvest timing in order to obtain higher quality and quantity of davana essential oil
Physical and functional properties of low temperature ground turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder: Properties of low temperature ground turmeric powder
No full textTurmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizome (var. Salem) sample was ground according to two different grinding parameters viz., four grinding methods and two feed temperatures. The effect of grinding methods and feed temperature on some functional and physical properties was evaluated. The average values of the flow property viz., bulk density (506.78 to 537.94 kg/m3), tapped density (611.35 to 635.72 kg/m3), Hausner ratio (1.150 to 1.225) and compressibility index (13.07 to 18.34%) and functional property viz., water absorption index (3.88 to 4.46), water solubility index (16.17 to 26.51%), water holding capacity (268.40% to 307.19%) and oil absorption index (210.57% to 258.04%) with respect to different grinding methods and feed temperatures varied. The ground sample with chilled water circulation method with the ambient temperature feed (L2T0) was found the most suitable for better flow parameters and functional properties
Influence of irrigation and nitrogen levels on yield attributes, yield and water use efficiency in dill (Anethum graveolens L.) cultivation: Irrigation and nitrogen levels in dill cultivation
No full textThe field experiments were conducted during three consecutive Rabi seasons of 2016-19 at Agricultural Research Station, SKRAU, Bikaner to study the influence of irrigation and nitrogen levels to growth, yield attributes, yield and water use efficiency of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) under a drip irrigation system. The experiment consisted of sixteen treatment combinations of four irrigation levels (ETc- 0.4, ETc- 0.6, ETc- 0.8 & ETc- 1.0), & four nitrogen levels (control, 120% RDN in 4 splits, 100% RDN in 4 splits and 80% RDN in 4 splits). The treatments were laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Results revealed that irrigation at ETc 1.0 with application of nitrogen at 120% of RDN in four splits recorded significantly higher crop yield as compared to the remaining treatments. The water use efficiency decreased with increased irrigation and nitrogen levels
The economic landscape of clove production in India: challenges and opportunities: Challenges and opportunities for clove production in India
No full textClove is a valuable spice commodity with high demand in India, yet domestic production has remained stagnant, leading to import dependency. This study analyzed the clove economy in India, focusing on production trends, trade patterns, cost of production, and returns from clove farming. The data from primary survey of 40 clove plantations from five clove growing regions of Kerala (Idukki, Kozhikode and Kollam districts) and Tamil Nadu (Kanyakumari and Tenkasi districts) were used to estimate the cost of production and profitability of clove farming. The cost of production was estimated to be Rs 581 per kilogram of dry clove. The study reveals that clove cultivation faces challenges such as low genetic variability, poor agronomic practices, inadequate soil fertility management, biotic stress factors, senile plantations, unorganized markets, and labour shortages during harvest. These challenges constrain domestic production and hinder profitability. Intervention opportunities include developing high-yielding, disease-resistant varieties, enhancing extension services and training, strengthening disease and pest control measures, encouraging replanting and rejuvenation of senile plantations, establishing organized markets and price stabilization mechanisms, and addressing labour shortages during harvest. Addressing these challenges and implementing suggested interventions can increase domestic clove production, reduce import dependency, and improve the profitability and sustainability of clove farming in India