Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
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Exploring the therapeutic potential of volatile bioactive compounds from different parts of Tinospora cordifolia: a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) study: Therapeutic potential of bioactive compounds from Tinospora
No full textChemicals utilised in the pharmaceutical business can be found in large quantities in medicinal plants. Crude plant herbal extracts are frequently utilised because they combine a variety of secondary metabolites or phytochemical elements with significant therapeutic potential. The main objective of this research was to identify the medicinally significant phytoconstituents from different economic parts of Tinospora cordifolia employing GC-MS. The stem, leaf, and root, respectively, had a total of 93, 74, and 53 peaks, which translates to a sizable number of phytocompounds with therapeutic value. Our results show that oleic acid, columbin, 10E,12Z-octadecadienoic acid, 9- octadecenoic acid (Z), 2, 3 - dihydroxypropyl ester, n-hexadecanoic acid, and 9,12,15-octadeca trieno were found in various parts of T. cordifolia. The results provide credence to the use of Tinospora cordifolia in conventional medical practice for a range of ailments
Morphological and biochemical characterization of Alpinia calcarata rhizomes: characterization of Alpinia calcarata rhizomes
No full textLesser galangal rhizomes are well known for their anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-oxidant properties. The aim of the present study was to assess the variability in morphological and biochemical characters of lesser galangal, Alpinia calcarata accessions collected from various South Indian states. The results revealed that accession IC373608 was significantly superior with respect to yield contributing traits including the rhizome length, width, fresh yield and dry recovery (6.02 cm, 2.40 cm, 14.63 g tiller-1 and 33.26% respectively) among the eighteen accessions studied. The biochemical analysis of rhizomes revealed that the maximum volatile oil and oleoresin content were found in the accession IC468880 (0.75%) and IC373608 (34.20%) respectively. The highest values for total phenols, total flavonoids and starch were observed in the accessions IC373608 (115.25 mg GAE.g-1), IC582825 (55.65 mg QE. g-1) and IC210656 (44.05 mg. g-1) respectively. The accession IC550112 (7.90%) recorded the lowest crude fibre content, whereas the highest total terpenoid content was noticed in accession IC210421 (20.25%). The GCMSMS profiling of volatile oil of A. calcarata rhizome showed the presence of 28 compounds in it. Considering all economically important characters, accessions IC373608, IC582825 and IC210421 were found to be superior and can be utilized in future crop improvement programmes
Biochemical composition, oil profiling and elemental analysis of different cumin (Cuminum cyminum L) genotypes: Biochemical and elemental analysis of cumin genotypes
No full textCumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is an annual plant of the family Apiaceae and the genus Cuminum has a single species Cyminum, native from the east Mediterranean to east India. In India, Gujarat and Rajasthan are the major producing states. After black pepper, cumin is the second most popular spice in the world. The present research work was carried out to study the nutritional quality parameters, oil profiling and element composition of fifteen cumin genotypes. The results showed that the moisture content was found to vary from 6.22 to 8.15 %. The carbohydrate content was higher in Kushalpura-1 (46.14 %), while the crude protein was highest in Indawar followed by GC-2 and Merta-2. Total protein content was highest in Lampolai (18.24 %) and lowest in GC-2 (11.36 %). In Lamba Jatan, highest content of non-reducing sugars (8.35 %) and total soluble sugars (9.11 %) were observed. Reducing sugars was detected in the range of 0.72 – 1.53 %. Highest amount of total free amino acids and crude fiber were found in Gawardi and Kushalpura-1, respectively. The total oil (20.27 %) and volatile oil (3.99 %) content were highest in GC-4. The petroselinic acid and linoleic acid were observed as primary fatty acids in all tested genotypes. However, Lampolai, Merta-1, GC-2 and GC-4 were good sources of both fatty acids among all the genotypes. The elemental analysis showed that the GC-2 has a high overall amount of macronutrients, while micronutrients was highest in Piplon-5
Biocontrol activity of Streptomyces isolate SDSRO-13 against Colletotrichum spp. causing anthracnose disease of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.): Screening of Streptomyces sp. against anthracnose of chilli
No full textA total of 18 Streptomyces species were isolated from the rhizospheric soil of maize. Among 18 isolates, SDSRO-13 showed strong inhibition against Colletotrichum spp. of chilli. SDSRO-13 was identified as Streptomyces sp. based on morphological, biochemical and 16S rRNA partial gene sequence analysis. In this study, two strains of Colletotrichum sp. were used for pathogenicity test. For in vivo antifungal activity, spore suspension of the test pathogens were used on the fresh chilli fruit by making a small puncture on the fruit, in completely sterile conditions and incubated for up to 21 days. The chilli fruits treated with SDSRO-13 and test pathogens showed no disease symptoms. The infected fruits were subjected for Koch’s postulate test and they showed the similar morphological features compared to the pure cultures of the pathogens. We conclude that Actinomycetes, especially members of the genus Streptomyces are potential biocontrol agents which offer safer alternative management strategy to control the chilli fungal pathogens
Identification of drought tolerant turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) genotypes with sustainable yield: Identification of drought tolerant turmeric genotypes
No full textTurmeric (Curcuma longa L.) (Zingiberaceae), is native to south west India. Water stress is the most common adverse environmental condition which severely affects crop productivity. Here we have analysed morphology, stomatal density, relative water content, electrolyte leakage, epicuticular wax content and rhizome yield of 50 elite turmeric genotypes for identification of genotypes with differential response (tolerance and susceptibility) to water stress. Results showed that water stress during rhizome development stage (90-120 days after planting) significantly decreased the leaf relative water content and increased membrane permeability. Epicuticular wax content varied significantly among the genotypes. Genotypes with lower leaf area, higher relative water content, lesser electrolyte leakage, higher wax content and fewer stomata than other genotypes were shortlisted as tolerant. From among these shortlisted ones, four tolerant genotypes (IISR Pragati, SL 5, Suguna, and Suvarna) with higher yield, along with two susceptible genotypes (IISR Alleppey Supreme and IISR Kedaram), were further evaluated in field conditions. The results indicated that, in terms of yield and physiological parameters, the tolerant genotypes significantly outperformed the susceptible ones, showcasing superior drought tolerance traits. These genotypes with contrasting characters can be used for further studies to elucidate the mechanism of drought tolerance
Diversity and distribution of vetiver grass (Chrysopogan zizanioides (L) Roberty) and its manifold uses: A review: Diversity & uses of vetiver grass
No full textDuring the last few decades essential oils derived from different herbs and aromatic plants have received a growing focus of scientific investigation due to their multifunctional uses beyond their traditional roles as food additives and scents. Over 3000 species have been identified as medicinal plants that produce essential oils. Vetiver grass has wide range of diversity throughout the world with diverse genotype variability. It has multifarious uses in various agricultural, medicinal, aromatic, engineering, conservational and in industrial sector. The C. zizanioides is well known in various regions of South Asia, Southeast Asia, and West Africa. Vetiver roots, particularly those from Karnataka, have been utilised to make herbal drinks that are energising to combat tiredness. The vetiver grass, referred as "vetiver" or "vetiver–vetiver" in India, serves a variety of purposes in aromatic, pharmaceuticals, food, and beverage industries. This paper presents a review of the diversity & distribution of this crop along with its various uses and applications
Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L. Sprague) based intercropping for higher system productivity of semiarid tropics of Northern Karnataka: Ajwain based intercropping
No full textField trials were executed at the University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka during the kharif season of 2016 and 2017 to study the growth and productivity of ajwain and leafy vegetables under intercropping system including economic profitability of such cropping systems in Northern Karnataka. The experiments were carried out with thirteen treatments comprising sole ajwain and sole crops of leafy vegetables (fenugreek, coriander, dill and amaranthus) and various combinations of ajwain and leafy vegetables in 1:1 and 1:2 ratios adopting randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that the sole crop of ajwain exhibited superior growth and yield. However, in intercropping systems, the combination of ajwain and coriander at a 1:1 ratio demonstrated the highest growth and yield parameters. The sole crop of ajwain recorded the maximum plant height (84.64 and 84.55 cm), number of branches per plant (52.38 and 52.19), number of umbels per plant (166.54 and 164.93), number of umbellate per umbel (12.44 and 12.34), and seed yield (12.95, 12.88 q ha-1 during both the years, respectively). This performance was comparable to intercropping with ajwain + coriander (1:1). Sole crops of fenugreek, coriander, dill, and amaranthus yielded higher fresh market yields compared to different intercropping systems. Notably, growing ajwain as an intercrop with coriander at a (1:1) resulted in a significantly higher land equivalent ratio (1.61) and a higher benefit–cost ratio (2.99) followed by ajwain + fenugreek (1:1) (2.98)
Price transmission behaviour of major seed spices in Rajasthan: Price behaviour of seed spices in Rajasthan
No full textThe present study was based on secondary price information. The study period from January, 2011 to December 2021 was chosen to analyse the price behaviour of major seed spice markets in Rajasthan. The data was analysed using the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test and Vector Error Correction Model to accomplish the objectives of the study. ADF test results showed that price data for coriander, cumin, fenugreek, and fennel were non-stationary at the level and stationary at the first difference level. Values of trace and maximum Eigen of Johansen multiple co-integration tests revealed three co-integration equations in cumin and coriander crops, but only one co-integration equation in fennel prices. Prices of coriander, cumin, and fennel in selected KUMS (Krishi Upaj Mandi Samiti) were primarily influenced by the one-month and two-month lag prices of respective market in the long run. The prices of coriander, cumin and fennel demonstrated one-way co-integration in KUMS, Merta City→KUMS, Jodhpur and Ramganj Mandi→Baran while combination of Baran↔Kota, Ramganj Mandi↔Kota and Merta City↔Niwai showed bi-directional co-integration. Fenugreek prices in selected KUMS did not move in tandem over a long period of time. We find that the prices of coriander, cumin and fennel in Rajasthan's selected markets moved in lockstep over time and were influenced by one month or two months lag price of other respective markets
Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) for genetic variability, character association and path analysis: Genetic variability, character association and path analysis in saffron
No full textDifferent accessions of saffron were studied to analyze genetic diversity and heritable component of variation in yield and yield related traits. Dry pistil weight, fresh pistil weight, fresh flower weight corm-1 line-1, number of flowers corm-1 line-1, and big corm index, all had high genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance. The traits included in the selection scheme, correlation among traits (floral and agronomic) are important as varieties must have high yield associated with exemplary quality parameters. At both phenotypic and genotypic levels, the association was found significant among the traits. Stigma length and fresh flower weight had strong direct effect with respect to dry pistil weight followed by number of flowers corm-1 line-1, fresh pistil weight and big corm index. Therefore, these parameters can be taken as criteria for selection
Report on association of plant parasitic nematodes in large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) at Sikkim, Himalaya region of India: Plant parasitic nematodes in large cardamom in Sikkim
No full textLarge cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.), is a major cash crop grown in Sikkim Himalaya region. The crop is found to be affected by many pests (insects and diseases); which hinders the production, productivity as well as quality of the produce. Based on symptoms in this crop, similar to nematode infestation, soil and root samples were collected from the rhizosphere of different large cardamom fields and analyzed for presence of nematodes. Laboratory analysis revealed the association of six nematode species with large cardamom viz., Meloidogyne incognita, Helicotylenchus spp., Hoplolaimus sp., Tylenchorhynchus annulatus, Pratylenchus sp. and Macroposthonia spp., of which Meloidogyne incognita and Pratylenchus sp. were recorded in roots also and the percentage of occurance was 59.09. Apart from Meloidogyne incognita, all other five nematode species were recorded for the first time in large cardamom. Helicotylenchus spp. was the dominant genera among the six genera with 50% occurrence, 61.56 % relative abundance and 60 nematodes per 200 cc soil