Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
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Management of leaf spot of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) caused by Colletotrichum capsici through fungicides
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of four fungicides viz., hexaconazole (0.1%), propiconazole (0.1%), tricyclazole (0.1%) and carbendazim + mancozeb (0.1%) for the management of leaf spot disease of turmeric through rhizome treatment + foliar spray and foliar spray alone at 45 and 90 days after planting (DAP). Rhizome treatment with carbendazim + mancozeb gave the best results for rhizome germination (91.13%) followed by propiconazole (88.40%) and hexaconazole (87.33%). Foliar application of propiconazole (0.1%) at 45 and 90 DAP was significantly superior in minimizing percent disease intensity (27.61) with increased fresh rhizome yield (33.96 - 34.33 t ha-1). C:B ratio was the highest (1:2.65) with foliar spray of propiconazole.
 
Management of Colletotrichum leaf spot of turmeric through fungicides
Get PDFThe major foliar diseases of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) reported in Uttar Pradesh are leaf spot caused by Colletotrichum capsici and leaf blotch caused by Taphrina maculans. Leaf spot generally appears in September and October, which can reduce rhizome yield upto 62.5%. Therefore, the experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of four fungicides viz., Hexaconazole (0.1%), Propiconazole (0.1%), Tricyclazole (0.1%) and Carbendazim + Mancozeb (0.1%) for the management of leaf spot disease of turmeric through rhizome treatment + foliar spray and foliar spray alone at 45 and 90 days after planting (DAP). Rhizome treatment with Carbendazim + Mancozeb (0.1%) gave the best results for rhizome germination (91.13%) followed by Propiconazole (88.40%) and Hexaconazole (87.30). Foliar application of Propiconazole (0.1%) at 45 and 90 DAP was significantly superior in minimizing percent disease intensity (27.61 PDI) in comparison to foliar spray + rhizome treatment with Hexaconazole (28.50 PDI) and Tricyclazole (33.73 PDI). The fresh rhizome yield ranged from 33.96 - 34.33 t ha-1 with Propiconazole and 31.15 - 33.22 t ha-1 with Hexaconazole as compared to the control (28.17 t ha-1). C: B ratio was found to be highest (1:2.65) with foliar spray of Propiconazole.
 
Effect of FYM, foliar feeding of nitrogen and deficit irrigation on drip irrigated coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted to study the water use, nitrogen (N) uptake and economics of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) under organic enrichment, foliar feeding of N and fertigation. Drip irrigation at 80% ETc + foliar spray of 25% N (15 kg ha-1) + fertigation (45 kg ha-1) gave the highest plant height, branch plant-1, umbel plant-1, umbelets umbel-1, seed umbel-1, and test weight compared to irrigation at 80% ETc and at 60% ETc (upto flowering stage) + 80% ETc (reproductive stage) with or without foliar spray. Increased yield parameters were attributed to the highest seed yield and B:C ratio of 1.90 using 265.74 mm water. Water use efficiency (WUE) was also the highest. This treatment also recorded the highest N uptake of 52.6 kg ha-1. Further, addition of 10 t ha-1 FYM in addition to recommended nitrogen dose (60 kg ha-1) gave higher yield attributes viz., branch plant-1, umbel plant-1, seed umbel-1 and test weight as compared to recommended level of fertilizers. Enhanced yield attributes thus increased seed yield, N removal, WUE and B:C ratio.
 
Response of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) to phosphorus and zinc fertilization in a loamy sand soil
Get PDFThe field experiment was conducted with four levels of phosphorus (0, 20, 40, and 60 kg ha-1) and four levels of ZnSO4 (0, 15, 30 and 45 kg ha-1) to study their effects on growth and yield of fennel. Application of P upto 40 kg ha-1 significantly increased days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of branches, number of umbels plant-1, number of umbellets umbel-1, seeds umbel-1, seed and stover yield, net return and B:C ratio. The delay in 50% flowering, plant height, number of branches plant-1, number of umbels plant-1, number of umbellets umbel-1 and seeds per umbel-1, seed and stover yield, net return and B:C ratio increased significantly upto 30 kg ZnSO4 ha-1. The combined application of P @ 40 kg ha-1 and Zn @ 30 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 was significantly superior with respect to umbels plant-1, seed and stover yield as compared to other combinations of P and ZnSO4. The economic optimum dose of P and ZnSO4 was computed as 53.85 kg ha-1 with response of 1245.66 kg ha-1 and 39.03 kg ha-1 with the response of 1255.94 kg ha-1, respectively.
 
Assessment of genetic variability, correlation and path analysis for yield and its components in ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.)
Get PDFGenetic variability, heritability, correlation and path analysis were estimated among 28 germplasm for 10 characters in Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.). Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the germplasm lines for number of secondary branches plant-1, number of umbels plant-1, number of umbellets umbel-1, seed yield plant-1, harvest index and oil content, suggesting sufficient amount of variability in the experimental material. The estimates of genotypic coefficient variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient variation (PCV) indicated the existence of fairly high degree of variability for seed yield plant-1, oil content, number of umbels plant-1 and harvest index. Lower values of GCV and PCV were recorded in number of umbellets umbel-1 indicating the important role of environment in the expression of the characters. High heritability associated with moderate genetic advance was recorded in traits like harvest index and seed yield plant-1. The association study among characters revealed that seed yield was positively and significantly correlated with number of umbellets plant-1. Path coefficient analysis revealed that number of umbellets plant-1 had maximum positive direct effect on seed yield plant-1.
 
Growth and yield of elite genotypes of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) in diverse agroclimatic zones of Punjab
Get PDFEleven elite genotypes of chilli along with one check (Punjab Surkh) were evaluated at two diverse locations of Punjab, India. The G × E interaction was significant for red ripe fruit yield, fruit width and fruit weight and genotype Acc-33-1 was the most stable across locations. The pooled analysis showed that the genotype, SD 463 had the maximum red ripe fruit yield (0.586 kg plant-1) and fruit weight (4.1 g); Mehma Sarja had the highest plant height (93.5 cm) and fruit width (13.4 mm); Selection 7 exhibited the lowest plant height (37.6 cm) and fruit width (7.0 mm); PC-6-1 had the longest fruits (8.6 cm); DCL 524 possessed maximum number of seeds fruit-1 (43.5); Selection 36-1 produced the maximum seed weight (0.211 g fruit-1). The low broad sense heritability (h2) for number of seeds fruit-1 and dried seed weight fruit-1 revealed that these traits were highly influenced by environment. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance for red ripe fruit yield, fruit weight, plant height, fruit length and fruit width indicated the important role played by additive gene effects.
 
Effect of drip irrigation and bioregulators on yield, economics and water use of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum)
Get PDFThe field experiment was conducted during winter seasons of 2009–10 and 2010–11 to assess the effect of drip irrigation levels and bioregulators (thiourea and Thioglycollic acid) on fenugreek. Increasing levels of drip irrigation from 0.6 to 1.0 ETc enhanced yield attributes viz., branches plant-1, pods plant-1, pod length, seeds pod-1 and test weight. Increased yield attributes with 1.0 ETc thus, enhanced seed yield (15.53 q ha-1) and stover yield (31.54 q ha-1). However highest B:C ratio (2.11) was recorded with 0.8 ETc irrigation level and highest water use efficiency of 4.83 kg ha-1 mm with 0.6 ETc. Recommended surface irrigation treatment recorded 13.02 q ha-1 seed yield with using 540 mm of water. Whereas, fenugreek under drip irrigation at 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 ETc used 278.16, 370.88 and 463.60 mm of water, respectively. Seed treatment of fenugreek before sowing with bio-regulator thiourea (500 ppm) for 4 h recorded higher yield attributes viz., pods plant-1, pod length and test weight, as well as, seed yield of 14.85 q ha-1 against 14.36 q ha-1 where no seed treatment was done. Thus, in turn fetched higher water use efficiency (4.00 kg ha-1 mm) and B:C ratio (2.08). Further, foliar spray with 200 ppm thioglycollic acid at vegetative and seed formation stages recorded highest seed yield of 15.01 q ha-1 over 100 ppm thioglycollic acid spray (14.59 q ha-1) or no spray treatment (14.21 q ha-1). Increased yield thus enhanced water use efficiency (3.93-4.05 kg ha-1 mm) and B:C ratio (2.06-2.11) in thioglycollic acid treated crop.
 
Trends of area, production and productivity of spices in the northeastern region
Get PDFThe present study was undertaken to analyze the trends in area, production and productivity of major spices in the northeastern (NE) region. The study was based on secondary data from 1982-83 to 2011–12. The data was collected from several government publications and web sites. To analyze the trend of area, production and productivity of major spices in NE region, the linear, quadratic and exponential functional forms were used. To fit the trend, exponential functional form was used due to its higher R2 value as compared to other two forms. Besides these, compound growth rate, coefficient of variation and instability index was also estimated. The effects of area, productivity and their interaction towards increasing production were also estimated. The cultivation of spices was not risky in the NE region as revealed by the lower coefficient of variation. The coefficients of variation (CV) of area, production and productivity of spices were less than 4.16%. The instability indices for area, production and productivity for spices in the NE states were positive, which indicated less variation in growing spices in the region.
 
Response of garlic to integrated nutrient management practices in a sodic soil of Uttar Pradesh, India
Get PDFAn investigation was carried out to study the combined effect of biofertilizers viz., phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and Trichoderma supplemented with FYM and chemical fertilizers on plant growth and bulb yield of garlic (Allium sativum) under degraded land condition. Significantly higher values of plant growth and yield parameters were obtained with the application of 100% recommended dose of NPK supplemented with FYM along with seed treatment with Trichoderma and PSB. Seed treatment with PSB was effective for all the parameters. However, PSB and Trichoderma were more effective when applied along with 100% NPK and FYM @ 20 t ha-1. It can, therefore, be concluded that for sustainable production of garlic, application of recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer (NPK) supplemented with 20 t ha-1 of FYM coupled with inoculation of PSB and Trichoderma can enhance yield and profitability of garlic.
 
Heterosis in mild pungent chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)
Get PDFField experiment was carried out to study heterosis for green fruit yield and its components of 28 F1 hybrids generated by half diallel crosses of eight diverse mild pungent chilli cultivars. Among 28 F1 hybrids, hybrids IVPBC-535 X SG-5, IVPBC-535 X ACS-03-14 and IVPBC-535 X ACS-03-13 were found to be most promising for green fruit yield and other desirable traits. Hence, they could be further evaluated to exploit the heterosis or utilized in future breeding programmes to obtain desirable segregants for the development of superior genotypes.