Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
Not a member yet
1089 research outputs found
Sort by
Influence of different plant growth regulators and zinc levels on growth and quality aspects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) under semi-arid conditions
Get PDFThe experiment was conducted to study the influence of different plant growth regulators and zinc (Zn) levels on growth and quality attributes of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). The results revealed that foliar application of triacontanol and NAA increased the growth attributes and uptake of N, P and Zn significantly over control and thiourea application. Growth regulator sprays were superior to control with regard to N, P and Zn concentration in seed & straw and protein content in seed. Application of Zn @ 4 kg ha-1 significantly increased the growth and quality attributes compared to 0 and 2 kg Zn ha-1.
 
Evaluation of insecticides and natural products for their efficacy against cardamom thrips (Sciothrips cardamomi Ramk.) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in the field
Get PDFEleven insecticides and natural products were evaluated in the field at Appangala (Karnataka) for their efficacy against cardamom thrips (Sciothrips cardamomi) for three years. Combined analysis of three years data indicated that all the treatments were significantly effective in reducing the damage caused by thrips on capsules compared to control when sprayed during February-March, March-April, April-May and September and October. Fipronil 0.005% treated plots recorded the lowest percentage of damage (6.5%) that was on par with imidacloprid 0.0089%, thiamethoxam 0.0075% and spinosad 0.0135%. The trials indicated that spinosad can substitute synthetic insecticides for thrips control in cardamom, due to their less adverse effects on the environment.
 
Induced defense response in small cardamom plants by Bacillus subtilis strain Bs against capsule rot pathogen, Phytophthora meadii
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which Bacillus strains confer plant protection. Bacillus subtilis strain Bs was identified as potential bacterial antagonist against cardamom capsule rot pathogen, Phytophthora meadii. This strain was tested for its ability to induce defense related enzymes viz., peroxidase (PO), polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and total phenols against P. meadii in cardamom plants. Cardamom plants treated with bacterial antagonist and challenge inoculated with P. meadii showed higher levels of defense related enzymes and phenols compared to antagonist alone, pathogen alone and untreated plants. B. subtilis strain Bs induced higher activities of total phenols (182 μg g-1 of tissue), PO (2.81 change in OD min-1 g-1 of tissue) and PPO activity (1.01 change in OD min-1 g-1) in cardamom plants treated with P. meadii. The present study clearly indicated that the bacterial antagonist B. subtilis has the ability to induce defense related enzymes in cardamom plants against P. meadii.
 
Comparative efficacy of biological control agents for the management of cumin wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cumini
Get PDFField experiments were conducted during rabi 2008-09 and 2009-10 for the management of cumin wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cumini. The results showed that seed treatment with Trichoderma viride (10 g kg-1 of seed) and soil application (2.5 kg ha-1) recorded minimum percent disease incidence (PDI) of 18.5 (disease reduction of 51.8%) versus 38.4 in the control. It was on par with seed treatment and soil application with Aspergillus versicolor at 10 g kg-1 of seed and 2.5 kg ha-1, respectively which reduced the disease incidence by 45.4%. The chemical treatment i.e. seed treatment with carbendazim at 2.5 g kg-1 seed recorded PDI of 23.9 with 37.7% disease reduction. Among different treatments seed treatment and soil application with A. versicolor gave a seed yield of 246 kg ha-1 followed by P. fluorescens (222.6 kg ha-1). Treatment T. viride, recorded the highest yield of 258.2 kg ha-1. Hence, seed treatment at 10 g kg-1 and soil application at 2.5 kg ha-1 of T. viride was the most effective, eco-friendly disease management.
 
Weed management in ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.)
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted to find out a suitable and economical method of weed management in ajwain. The experiment was laid in randomized block design with three replications. Based on the two year study, it was found that besides weed free treatment, significantly higher plant height, number of primary, secondary branches, number of leaves, number of nodes and dry matter accumulation plant-1 at (60 DAS, 90 DAS and at harvest) were recorded with the pre-emergence application of oxadiargyl @75 g ha-1 + one hand weeding at 45 days after sowing (DAS) and pendimethalin @1 kg ha-1 + one hand weeding at 45 DAS. Yield attributes like number of umbels plant-1, number of umbellate pant-1, number of seeds umbel-1, umber of seed umbellate-1 and test weight as well as seed and straw yields of ajwain were also higher with the above two treatments. After weed free treatment, the lowest dry weight of weed at harvest, weed index and highest weed control efficiency were obtained with pre-emergence (PE) application of oxadiargyl @75 g ha-1 + one hand weeding at 45 DAS. The highest gross returns and net returns per hectare were obtained in weed free treatment. This was followed by pre-emergence application of oxadiargyl @75 g ha-1 + one hand weeding at 45 DAS, which recorded the highest B: C ratio (2.62).
 
Integrated nutrient management in calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) grown in partially reclaimed sodic soil condition
Get PDFTo study the effect of nutrient management on growth and flower yield of Calendula, field experiments were carried out during 2009 and 2010. Results indicated that significantly higher plant height (40.6 cm), number of leaves (142) at 90 days, total number of flowers plant-1 (126), total fresh weight of flowers (87.5 q ha-1) and dry weight of flowers (25.0 q ha-1) were observed by the application of 10 t farmyard manure (FYM) + ½ NPK + spraying of micronutrients followed by sole application of recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer (i.e. NPK@ 80:30:30 kg ha-1) which was at par with application of half dose of recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer supplemented with half dose of organic fertilizer. Application of 20 t FYM ha-1 improved the soil physicochemical parameters i.e. pH, EC, organic carbon and available NPK in comparison to control.
 
Studies on preparation and storage of tamarind squash
Get PDFAn attempt was made to standardize the protocol for the preparation of tamarind squash. The chemical composition of tamarind squash and changes in chemical constituents during storage at ambient temperature were studied. Results showed that higher amount of mean TSS (54.13%), reducing sugar (9.51%) and total sugar (30.25%) were noticed in recipe having 30% juice + 50% TSS + 1% acidity, whereas higher retention of ascorbic acid (3.68 mg 100 g-1) was observed in recipe having 30% juice + 40% TSS + 1% acidity. However, minimum TSS (40.48%), reducing sugar (8.82%) and total sugar (22.77%) were noticed in recipe having 25% juice + 40% TSS + 1% acidity and titrable acidity in the recipe having 30% juice + 50% TSS + 1% acidity. Among the recipes the tamarind squash prepared from 30% juice + 50% TSS + 1% acidity was found superior to other recipes. The beverage retained its characteristic colour, aroma and taste up to 3 months of storage at room temperature.
 
Integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and quality of paprika alike chillies (Capsicum annuum L.)
Get PDFThe experiment was conducted for two seasons to study the effect of organic nutrient sources and inorganic sources of nutrients combined with biofertilizers on growth, yield and quality of paprika alike chillies (indigenous germplasm of paprika). The results revealed that application of vermicompost (250 g plant-1) combined with neem cake (100 g plant-1) recorded higher growth parameters, yield and quality attributes, which was comparable with inorganic fertilizers at the recommended levels. Under integrated nutrient management, application of 75% N (8 g plant-1) + Azospirillum spp. (5 g plant-1) + 75% P (1.7 g plant-1) + Phosphobacteria (5 g plant-1) + 100% K (2.5 g plant-1) improved the growth, yield and quality parameters of paprika alike chillies as compared to recommended NPK through fertilizers indicating a saving 25% of both inorganic N and P through biofertilizers.
 
Effect of nitrogen and potassium sources on yield attributes and yield of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)
Get PDFIn a field experiment the comparative efficacy of three sources of nitrogen viz., urea, calcium ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate and two sources of potassium viz., muriate of potash and sulphate of potash on yield attributes and yield in chilli cv LCA 353 was evaluated. Among the treatments tested the highest number of fruits per plant and yield was recorded in the treatment where the recommended nitrogen of 300 kg ha-1 was given 50% as urea and remaining 50% as CAN and recommended potassium of 120 kg ha-1 as 50% MOP and remaining 50% as SOP (228.4 fruits plant-1 and 48.85 q ha-1). However, in the treatment where the recommended nitrogen of 300 kg ha-1 was given 50% as urea and remaining 50% as AS/CAN and recommended potassium of 120 kg ha-1 as 50% MOP and 50% SOP were economical with C:B ratio of 1:1.95 as against control with 1:1.64 where split application of recommended N and K was given in single source as urea and muriate of potash.
 
Effective inoculation technique for identification of resistance source in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) against aflatoxin and management through Trichoderma species
Get PDFThe present study was carried out to develop an effective inoculation technique for screening chilli fruits against Aspergillus flavus and to identify the most effective bioagents against A. flavus to integrate them into management strategies. The study revealed that dipped method is better than pin- pricked method for creating maximum infection pressure on fruits and can be successfully utilized for screening against the pathogen. Artificial screening revealed that chilli varieties Tabasco, PBC-535, IIHR-10 and LCA-429 were resistant to A. flavus. Among three tested species of Trichoderma, T. viride was comparatively more effective against 21 isolates of A. flavus. All the Trichoderma species showed fungistatic behaviour against A. flavus even after 14 days of incubation. Differential response of Trichoderma species against A. flavus indicated distinct variability among the isolates of A. flavus collected from different regions of the country.