Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
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Detecting and monitoring endophytic colonization by Pseudomonas putida BP25 in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) using quantitative real-time PCR
Get PDFA quantitative real-time PCR assay was developed to quantify Pseudomonas putida BP25, an antagonistic endophyte against a broad range of pathogens in black pepper such as Phytophthora capsici, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Rhizoctonia solani, Gibberella moniliformis, Athelia rolfsii and a plant parasitic nematode, Radopholus similis. The real-time PCR primers were designed based on the16S rRNA sequences of P. putida strains and specificity of the primers was confirmed. The detection limit of the assay was found to be 1 pg. The assay detected and quantified the bacterial colonization in the roots at weekly intervals after inoculation. The P. putida DNA was quantified to be 0.4 ng in roots corresponding to 5.4 log10 CFU g-1 at 7th and 14th day after inoculation (DAI). A decline in endophyte population was observed during 21st and 28th DAI and the DNA concentration ranged from 3.7-4.6 pg corresponding to 3.4-3.5 log10 CFU g-1 of root. No amplification could be obtained in stem and leaf samples. The newly developed real-time PCR could be useful for detection, quantification and monitoring of endophytic P. putida BP25 in different plant tissues.
 
Marketing channels, dynamics and economic incentives for onion production in Ethiopia: A case study from Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia
Get PDFThis research was initiated to assess the market channels and develops value chain map and econometric model outputs for the onion in Ambo and Toke Kutaye districts of West Showa Zone, Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia. Primary data were collected using interview guided questionnaires from 183 respondents’ of different actors in onion value chain and four focus group discussions of onion producers. Descriptive and inferential statistics; value chain mapping; marketing margin analysis; and econometrics analysis were used to analyze the data. About four marketing channels were identified in the study areas. The econometric result showed that education level of household, onion farming experience, number of oxen owned, land size used for onion farming, amount of fertilizer used, access to extension services and family size of house hold were variables those significantly influenced the marketable supply of onion at farmers level. Multiple linear regression model indicated that variables like age, farm experience, family size, selling price and improved inputs were significant in affecting onion marketable supply. Thus, to increase the onion productivity, market channel and performances of all actors to maximize the profits of all value chain actors, it is important to integrate all concerned bodies of the onion value chains along with the supporting sectors
Turmeric and cinnamon dominate in antioxidant potential among four major spices
Get PDFAntioxidant activity of sequential extracts of black pepper, ginger, turmeric and cinnamon was determined by DPPH assay, phosphomolybdate method and ferric reducing power method and compared with that of the synthetic antioxidant BHA. The results revealed that methanol extract of cinnamon has highest antioxidant potential followed by chloroform extract of turmeric. The antioxidant potential was also correlated with total phenol content.
 
Kanamycin sensitivity of cultured tissues of Piper nigrum L.
Get PDFThe kanamycin sensitivity for callus growth was studied in vitro in a cultivar of black pepper (Piper nigrum) using cotyledons as explants to investigate the suitability of kanamycin resistance as a selectable marker for Agrobacterium mediated transformation. Callus formation was completely inhibited at 50 ug ml-1 and above concentrations of kanamycin suggesting that 50 ug ml-1 is the minimum concentration needed to select the transformed tissues.
 
Rapid multiplication of Kasthuri turmeric (Curcuma aromatica Salisb.) through minisett technique and nursery management
Get PDFThe experiment was conducted at Vellayani (Kerala) during 2014 with an objective to standardize minisett method of propagation and nursery techniques for rapid mass multiplication of Kasthuri turmeric. The investigation was taken up as two experiments. In experiment I best pre-sprouting treatments for rhizomes and in experiment II best soil-less coir pith based nursery mixtures for growth of Kasthuri turmeric seedlings were studied. The result indicated that rhizome bits with three node (approximate weight -7g) subjected to pre-treatments with benzyl adenine 100 ppm for 24 hrs was recorded the highest sprouting (95.60%). The improved method of protray seedling production using sprouted rhizome bits and coirpith + vermicompost + Trichoderma (1:25) media in 1:1 combination resulted in sturdy, uniform and healthy seedlings for transplanting in the main field.
 
Socio-economic analysis of lavender crop in Himachal Pradesh
Get PDFThe data collected from 20 lavender growers of three blocks of Chamba district by personal interview using multi-stage purpose sampling technique. In lavender farms share of male labour was found to be more than female labour. Working as daily paid labourers followed by farming, service and business was the main occupation of adult family members. BCR (over total variable cost) as well as BCR (over total cost) was worked out as 3.170 and 0.642 respectively for lavender crop. Family labour income and net income measures per hectare were found to be negative for lavender crop. About 95% and 25% of selected lavender farmers’ responded positively regarding availability of good quality seed/seedlings and disease problem in seed/seedlings respectively, in the initial stage of sowing of lavender crop. Besides, 90% responded that cost of marketing of produce was high, all the respondents were hiring transport to market the produce. Likewise, 65% responded that there is lack of cheap credit from banks for lavender farming. The lack of profitability indicates the need to strengthen R&D work, extension services, training of farmers, establishment of cold storage facilities, and co-operatives farming societies for enhancing prospects of lavender farming.
 
Yield and quality evaluation of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc) genotypes under high rainfall zone of Tamil Nadu
Get PDFAn experiment on ginger was undertaken between April 2012 to March 2015 at Horticultural Research Station, Pechiparai with an objective to identify suitable ginger cultivar or accession with higher yield and quality attributes suitable for high rainfall zone of Tamil Nadu. Twenty four ginger genotypes, local strains and varieties were collected from different ginger growing tracts of India and evaluated for their performance in high rainfall region. Among the twenty four genotypes tested, the accession Z. O- 4 recorded higher fresh rhizome yield (22.16 ha-1) than other genotypes whereas Z. O - 6 recorded highest dry recovery per cent (22.47%). Higher oleoresin and fibre content was recorded in genotypes Z. O – 5 (9.56%) and Z . O – 17 (11.20%) respectively. 
Correlation and regression analysis of yield components between F3 and F4 genera- tions in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
Get PDFEvaluation of 21 F4 progeny families and the corresponding F3 parent families of fenugreek(Trigonella foenum-graecum) at Jobner (Rajasthan) indicated that the value of rop (correlationbetween offspring and parents) and bop (regression of offspring on parents) were low forprimary branches plant-1, when primary branches plant-1 was taken as selection criterion.Low rop and bop values were also recorded for pods plant-1 and seeds pod-1 when pods plant-1and seeds pod-1 were taken as selection criterion. Whereas, highly significant rop and bopvalues were recorded for other parameters that were not taken as selection criterion for eachof the three traits namely, pods plant-1, primary branches plant-1 and seeds pod-1. This indicatedthat there was more resemblance between parents and offsprings for these characters andselection did not have much effect on these characters.
 
Genetic variability and correlation studies for growth and yield characters in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)
Get PDFTwenty three genotypes were used to study the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and correlation for growth and yield contributing characters in chilli under Kashmir conditions. Significant variations were observed for all the characters studied except for days to flowering and crop duration [mature (green) as well as dry (red)]. High Phenotypic Coefficient Variation (PCV) and Genotypic Coefficient Variation (GCV) were recorded for number of fruits plant-1, fruit weight and dry (red) yield. All the characters showed high heritability estimates. However, number of the fruits plant-1, green fruit yield plant-1, dry (red) yield plant-1, number of seeds plant-1 and plant height exhibited high genetic advance as percentage of mean indicating additive gene effect. Fruit yield (green and red) plant-1 was positively and significantly correlated with number of fruits plant-1 and fruit length. It revealed that the characters viz., plant height, fruit length, number of fruits plant-1, fruit weight and fruit yield (green & red) are the most important traits for genetic improvement of chilli.
 
Evaluation of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) genotypes for resistance to stem gall disease and seed yield
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted during three consecutive Rabi seasons (2002–03 to 2004–05) at Kumarganj, Faizabad, (UP). The coriander genotypes, received from All India Coordinated Research Project on Spices, were tested for resistance against stem gall disease and powdery mildew under natural condition. The promising genotypes were also tested at Dholi (Bihar), Hissar (Hariyana) and KVK and farmers field in Uttar Pradesh. The data on coriander genotypes revealed that genotype K.Selection showed lowest disease severity of stem gall 6.4% in 2002–03, 6.7% in 2003–04 and 6.8% in 2004–05. Whereas, pooled disease severity of stem gall in K.Selection during 2005–08 was 8.62% as compared with Pant Haritma(11.78%), UD-118 (18.78%), RD-154 (33.33%) and LCC-174 (37.46%). The yield performance of K.Selection in coordinated varietal trials at Kumarganj was significantly higher over the national check Pant Haritma. K.Selection also recorded higher seed yield at farmer’s field (10.9%) and Krishi Vigyan Kendra (23.5%).