Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
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Variability in Phytophthora capsici (Leonian) isolates of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) based on nutritional preferences and isozyme profiles
No full textExperiments were conducted to study the intraspecific variability among five isolates ofblack pepper (Piper nigrum) foot rot pathogen, Phytophthora capsici, in its nutritional prefer-ences and isozyme profiles. The carbon sources most suited for the vegetative growth of theisolates were sucrose and glucose, followed by starch, fructose, cellulose and maltose. Amongthe nitrogen sources, the L-isomers of the amino acids, glutamate, proline, aspartate, aspar-agine, histidine, serine, arginine and glycine, and also the organic sources of nitrogen,urea, yeast extract, casein hydrolysate, peptone and tryptone supported good growth. Amongthe vitamins studied, only thiamine was essential for vegetative growth of P. capsici. A con-siderable degree of variation was observed among the five isolates in their preferences fornutrient sources for their optimal growth. From the isozyme profiles of esterase, acid phos-phatase, superoxide dismutase and catalase systems, the similarity between the isolates rangedbetween 25.0%–44.7%.
 
Studies on character association in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
Get PDFThe investigation was carried out with twelve genotypes of fenugreek obtained from differentcoordinating centres of AICRP on Spices at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lamduring 1998-1999, 1999-2000, 2000-2001 and 2001-2002 to estimate the correlation coefficientsfor yield and yield components. The mean data over four years was subjected to statisticalanalysis for estimating correlation coefficients both at phenotypic and genotypic level. Ingeneral the phenotypic correlation coefficients were smaller than genotypic correlationcoefficients for majority of the characters. Seed yield showed highly significant positiveassociation with plant height (0.907** and 0.967**), number of pods per plant (0.876** and0.952 **), pod length (0.839** and 1.005**) and number of seeds per pod (0.905** and 0.984**)both at phenotypic and genotypic level, respectively. Among the yield component charactersplant height with number of pods per plant (0.961** and 0.971**), pod length (0.818** and0.939**), number of seeds per pod (0.982 and 0.994); number of pods per plant with podlength (0.743**, 0.932**), number of seeds per pod (0.979**, 0.994**) and pod length withnumber of seeds per pod (0.815**, 0.979**) showed significant positive association both atphenotypic and genotypic level.The phenotypic and genotypic correlation studied showed that association of seed yieldwith plant height, number of pods per plant, pod length and number of seeds per pod wasappreciable, indicating the importance of these traits as components for seed yield.
 
Volatile oil composition of four popular varieties of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.)
Get PDFIn the present study volatile oil profile of the four popular varities of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) namely Sawney, Varlangey, Ramla and Ramsey were studied in detail. The capsules contained 58.1- 68.1% seeds and 1.2-2.8% essential oil. By GC-MS analysis 23 constituents of the oil were identified with 1, 8- cineole as the chief component. Major constituents of the oil were ?-pinene (1.7-6.5%), ? - pinene (4.0-11.1%), 1, 8- cineole (63.2-73.4%) and ?- terpineol (5.6-7.6%). The oil contained high level of 1, 8- cineole when compared to small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomMaton). ? -Terpinyl acetate, the chief component of small cardamom oil was not detected in large cardamom.
 
Effect of intercrops on growth and yield of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)
Get PDFThe initial growth of turmeric is rather slow and takes about 4-5 months to cover the inter space. Therefore, the available space between the rows of turmeric could be effectively utilized by growing short duration crops like, vegetables, cereals etc. Hence, it is worthwhile to explore the possibilities of growing compatible crops with turmeric. With this background the experiment on effect of intercrops on growth and yield of turmeric was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar. Among the different intercrops, turmeric with cowpea recorded the maximum fresh rhizome yield per hectare (30.78 t ha-1) while turmeric + bhendi registered the maximum B:C ratio (2.68:1). Monocropping of turmeric recorded the lowest B:C ratio (1.67:1) among all the treatments.
 
Addressing the problem of sub-optimal productivity and curcumin content of turmeric in low input rainfed agricultural system
Get PDFField experiments were conducted at AICRP for Dryland Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology, Phulbani, Odisha (India) to study the yield performance of 10 important turmeric genotypes, and the effect of five different nutrient management practices on four outstanding varieties in order to address the problem of low rhizome yield and curcumin content of the zone. Based on yield data of 10 turmeric varieties over two years (2007 and 2008) evaluated in RBD with three replications, highest rhizome yield of 21.7 t/ha was observed in Lakdong followed by Rajendra Sonia (16.0 t/ha). The second experiment was laid out in factorial design involving four varieties and five nutrient treatments with 3 replications. The yield data over five years (2009-10 to 2012-13 and 2014-15) shows Lakdong (9.14 t/ha) to be the best among varieties and lime @10% LR + 50% organic + 50% inorganic (9.15 t/ha) among nutrient treatments. Significant variety × nutrient interaction was observed with respect to rhizome yield. Highest rhizome yield was obtained from turmeric variety Lakdong with 100% organic treatment (11.1 t/ha). While two varieties, Lakdong and Phulbani Local exhibited highest yield with 100% organic treatment, performance of Rajendra Sonia was the best with 50% organic + 50% inorganic + lime @10% LR and Roma with 50% organic + 50% inorganic. Significant variation was observed among nutrient treatments of all four turmeric varieties for NPK content in shoot and rhizome. The interaction between varieties and nutrient management practices for curcumin content was significant.  
Integrated nutrient management in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted at Jagudan (Gujarat) to study the effect of integrated nutrientmanagement (INM) practices in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum). Growth and yieldattributes as well as seed and straw yields of fenugreek were significantly influenced by INMtreatments. Application of recommended dose through inorganic form with phosphatesolublizing bacteria @ 5 kg ha-1 gave higher growth and yield attributes and was at par withrecommended dose of fertilizer + Azotobacter sp. @ 5 kg ha-1 + 5 t farm yard manure ha-1 andrecommended dose of nitrogen + phosphate solublizing bacteria @ 5 kg ha-1 which weresignificantly superior to other treatments except test weight. This treatment also recordedsignificantly the highest grain and straw yields. The maximum net realization and benefit:costratio were obtained when the crop was fertilized with full dose of nitrogen and phosphoruswith phosphate solublizing bacteria @ 5 kg ha-1.
 
Essential oil content of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton) by Hand-held Electronic Nose
Get PDFCardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton.) is one of the most expensive spices in the world. Essential oil is the most functionally important component of cardamom and is described as sweet, spicy, warm, camphoraceous and citrusy. The quality of cardamom is assessed by the essential oil content and its composition. Design of hand-held E-nose and evaluation of quality of cardamom in terms of its essential oil content is reported here
Bioefficacy of different Insecticides against aphid (Myzus persicae) in cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.)
Get PDFA field trail was conducted in randomized block design at KVK Bhilwara, MPUAT, Udaipur to evaluate efficacy of carbosulfan 25% EC at 250, 312.5 and 375 g a.i. ha-1 along with thiamethoxam 25% WG at 25 g a.i. ha-1, imidacloprid 17.8 SL at 25 g a.i. ha-1 and acetamiprid 20% SP at 10 g a.i. ha-1 against aphid (Myzus persicae) in cumin during Rabi, 2013-14 and 2014-15. The result revealed that two sprays of carbosulfan 25% EC at 375 g a.i. ha-1 was found effective against aphid. It caused maximum mean reduction in thrips population after second spray at 10 days after application, which was 87.52% and 88.45% during 2013-14 and 2014-15, respectively. It was followed by carbosulfan 25% EC at 312.5 g a.i. ha-1. The maximum yields were recorded in case of carbosulfan 25% EC at 375 g a.i. ha-1, which were 622.3 and 456.7 kg ha-1 during 2013-14 and 2014-15, respectively and incremental yield of 358.6 kg ha-1 over untreated control
Effect of light intensity on leaf scorching in nursery seedlings of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton)
Get PDFStudies on leaf scorching in nursery seedlings of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) grown at Thadiyankudisai (Tamil Nadu, India) indicated that total biomass, chlorophyll and protein contents, and photochemical activities were adversely affected in leaf scorched seedlings grown under full light (100% of total sunlight), when compared to healthy seedlings grown under medium light (45-55% of total sunlight).
 
Evaluation of insecticides and natural product for their efficacy against shoot borer (Conogethes punctiferalis Guen.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) infesting ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)
Get PDFNine insecticides and a natural product were evaluated in the field at Peruvannamuzhi (Kerala) for their efficacy against shoot borer (Conogethes punctiferalis), a serious insect pest of ginger (Zingiber officinale) for two years. Pooled analysis of two years data indicated that chlorantraniliprole 0.01% was the best treatment with a mean pseudostem damage of 2.6% which was on par with flubendiamide 0.02% (4.1%), spinosad 0.0225% (6.5%) and cyantraniliprole 0.005% (8.8%), when sprayed at 15 day intervals during the second fortnight of July to the first fortnight of November. The trials indicated that that these low-risk insecticides and natural product can be utilized for the management of C. punctiferalis in ginger with reduced risk to the environment