Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
Not a member yet
1089 research outputs found
Sort by
Effect of irrigation methods and mulching on growth and yield parameters of chilli (Capsicum annum L.) in arid condition
Get PDFThe research work was carried out to study the impact of various irrigation methods and mulching on plant growth, production and profitability of chilli cv. R.Ch. 1 at Agricultural Research Station, Mandor, Jodhpur during July, 2016 to February, 2017. The results of surface irrigation were compared with drip irrigation system under no mulch and in conjunction with plastic mulch. The results revealed that the crop was irrigated by drip irrigation on raise bed with 100 micron Linear Low Density Poly Ethylene plastic mulch (T8 treatment) exhibited significantly higher seedling survival at 15 and 30 days after transplanting (95.16% and 91.70%), highest plant height (47.10 cm at 45 DAT and 54.60 cm at harvest), highest number of branches (14.93) plant-1, maximum stem girth (2.32 cm) number of roots plant-1 (138.5), highest fruit set (38.47%), length of fresh fruit (12.56 cm), diameter of fruit (3.52 cm) and fresh weight of fruit-1 (8.42g) was observed. The maximum number of fruits plant-1(125), highest yield plant-1 (1052.5g), yield ha-1 (337.63q) and premier fruit quality score (9.11) with maximum net return (Rs.326407.28) and benefit: cost ratio (3.41) was also reported in same treatment. Comparatively minimum time (15 hours) required for one hectare irrigation was also reported in drip irrigation on raise bed with plastic mulch. This led to lower population of white fly plant-1 (4.53), minimum weed infestation (1.53 weed m-2), leaf curl (5.50%) and fruit rot (5.0%) incidence than other treatment combinations. The minimum growth, yield and profitability were reported in check basin method of irrigation without mulch (T1 treatment)
Performance, diversity analysis and character association of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) accessions in the high altitude of Idukki district, Kerala
Get PDFThe experiment was conducted to evaluate black pepper accessions for growth parameters, yield attributing characters and yield. Out of the ten accessions tested, Karimunda recorded the highest fresh (1.61 kg) and dry (508.7 g) yield of berries plant-1. Fresh weight showed significant positive genotypic correlation to dry weight and while negative correlated to 100 berry volume, 100 berry weight and number of berries spike-1. Hence, selection based on number of berries spike-1, 100 berry volume and 100 berry weight may not lead to the high yielding black pepper variety. The results showed that Karimunda is the most suitable black pepper variety for high altitude areas of Idukki district
Epidemiological parameters to delineate weather-disease interactions and host plant resistance against leaf blight in small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton)
Get PDFSmall cardamom, the versatile spice of Zingiberaceae is cultivated in diverse agro-climatic regions of India especially in South India. Leaf blight incited by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu lato is one among the major challenges encountered across different cardamom growing tracts. In the present investigation, epidemiology of cardamom leaf blight was studied and an attempt was made to decipher the resistant nature of Malabar, Mysore and Vazhukka genotypes based on epidemiological parameters. The average percent disease index recorded in Malabar, Mysore and Vazhukka varied from 23.41 to 27.72, 18.79 to 20.34 and 18.74 to 20.38, respectively. The disease exhibited a positive correlation with respect to Tmax and Tmin in all the genotypes, however, significant correlation was observed only in Malabar and Mysore with respect to Tmax. Whereas, rainfall and rainy days had negative correlation with leaf blight in all genotypes however found to be non-significant. The average infection rate was maximum (0.000429) in Malabar, whereas it was 0.000124 and 0.000186 in Mysore and Vazhukka, respectively. The area under disease progress curve registered the highest for Malabar (8814.15) and lowest in Vazhukka (6531.02) while, Mysore type recorded 6612.96 indicating that, Vazhukka and Mysore types might posses horizontal resistance and Malabar with vertical resistance. In the light of above results, plant protection measures could be scheduled based on the take-off level and genotypes with horizontal resistance could be promising candidates in resistance breeding programmes
Effect of biofertilizers and organic supplements on the growth of black pepper rooted cuttings (Piper nigrum L.)
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted at the Cardamom Research Station, Kerala Agricultural University, Pampadumpara (Kerala) with an objective to study the effect of different biofertilizers (Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria, Azospirillum and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Mix I) and organic supplements (fish extract and humic acid) on the growth of black pepper rooted cuttings. The results of the experiment indicated that application of Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (5 g) along with Azospirillum (5 g), humic acid (0.2%) and fish extract (0.5%) was the best combination for the production of black pepper rooted cuttings with improved vegetative characters (plant height, number of leaves, number of roots, length of roots and leaf area) compared to theirindividual inoculation.This innovative information can be effectively utilized and advocated for the commercial production of black pepper rooted cuttings with lusty growth
Effect of drip irrigation on growth and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.)
Get PDFDrip irrigation is one of the essential, advanced and innovative irrigation methods over surface irrigation. In view of this, an experiment was conducted to study the efficiency of drip irrigation system over surface irrigation in onion during Rabi 2013-14 and 2014-15 and Kharif 2014 and 2015. The results revealed that drip irrigation system performed superior over surface irrigation system in terms of superior plant morphology, yield and quality of bulb. Drip irrigation recorded maximum plant height (66.37 cm & 61.88), number of leaves (9.23 & 8.00) and neck thickness (1.62 cm & 1.30 cm) in both Rabi and Kharif seasons. The bulb equatorial and polar diameter, higher gross yield as well as marketable yield obtained in drip irrigation system. In drip, gross yield and marketable yield increased 18.16% and 24.49%, respectively over surface irrigation method and better water use efficiency and also saved 29.36% and 27.12% water during Rabi and Kharif seasons, respectively
Evaluation of stable and non shattering isabgol cultivar - Gujarat isabgol 4
Get PDFIsabgol growing area was surveyed during 2009-10 and selected genotypes were evaluated in preliminary evaluation trial (PET) during 2010-13 and in large scale varietal trial (LSVT) during 2013-15. It was found that JI-09-21 recorded better growth and yield characters and yield over check Gujarat Isabgol 3. The JI-09-21 did not shatter much even after water dripping and recommended for cultivation as Gujarat Isabgol 4
Mitigating Phytophthora foot rot and slow decline diseases of black pepper through the deployment of bacterial antagonists
Get PDFField trial was conducted at ICAR-IISR Experimental Farm, Peruvannamuzhi, Kozhikode district, Kerala, during 2008-2013 using IPM modules. Planting materials of black pepper were produced by raising two node runners cuttings treated with chemicals and bioagents. A plot having non-living standards in 3 x 2 m spacing was selected. Pits of 50 cm3 were made and buffered with lime and cow dung. Planting was done with three month old rooted plants where roots were primed with respective bacterium/chemical. The experiment was in RCBD with eight treatments viz., Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Bp 35) + Phorate, P. putida (Bp 25) + Phorate, P. fluorescence (IISR 6) (later identified as P.aeruginosa) + Phorate, Bacillus megaterium (Bp 17) + Metalaxyl Mz, Curtobacterium luteum (TC10) + Metalaxyl Mz, P. aeruginosa (IISR 853) + Metalaxyl Mz and Phorate + Metalaxyl Mz (chemical check) and an absolute control having no treatments. The differential treatments were imposed at planting in May and subsequent application in September and thereafter every year. Initial two years, plants were maintained weed free by plastic mulching. Commonly, shade and irrigation were provided during summer in the first two years and thereafter only mulching and irrigation were continued. All the plants were sprayed with ZnSO4 (0.25%), DAP (0.5%) and MgSO4 (0.25%) during May and September from second year onwards. For controlling ‘Pollu’ beetle (Longitarsus nigripennis) and anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), quinalphos (0.075%) + Bordeaux mixture (1%) was sprayed twice during September and November. Soil biological properties and pathogen population were monitored regularly. No foot rot incidence due to Phytophthora spp. could be noticed in any of the treatments till the end of the experimental period. However, nematode infection, manifested as yellowing of the vines, as well as nematode population showed a gradual increase. Among the treatments, C. luteum (TC 10) with Metalaxyl- Mz showed significant reduction in nematode population and also showed better performance in growth and yield
Effect of sowing dates, crop geometry and host range on powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni) of fenugreek, Trigonella foenum graecum L.
Get PDFIn Rajasthan, fenugreek crop is attacked by a number of diseases. Powdery mildew of fenugreek is an important and serious disease caused by Erysiphe polygoni. Date of sowing and crop geometry greatly influenced the disease intensity of powdery mildew on fenugreek during the two consecutive years 2012-13 and 2013-14. Early sown crop exhibited more disease development as compared to late sown crop. November 30th sown crop recorded minimum per cent disease intensity, whereas 10th October sown crop recorded maximum per cent disease intensity and minimum seed yield. The crop was sown on 30th October registered maximum seed yield (16.48 q/ha) with 61.10 per cent disease intensity. The wider spacing of 15 x 45 cm, 15 x 30 cm and 10 x 45 cm between rows and within rows recorded minimum per cent disease intensity (36.11, 39.66 and 45.39) respectively. However, closer spacing 5 x 15 cm recorded maximum seed yield and per cent disease intensity. Out of fifteen host species powdery mildew symptoms were observed on Pisum sativum, Cuminum cyminum, Coriandrum sativum, Calendula officinalis, Lathyrus odoratus and Foeniculum vulgur under caged conditions
Kanamycin sensitivity of cultured tissues of Piper nigrum L.
Get PDFThe kanamycin sensitivity for callus growth was studied in vitro in a cultivar of black pepper (Piper nigrum) using cotyledons as explants to investigate the suitability of kanamycin resistance as a selectable marker for Agrobacterium mediated transformation. Callus formation was completely inhibited at 50 ug ml-1 and above concentrations of kanamycin suggesting that 50 ug ml-1 is the minimum concentration needed to select the transformed tissues.
 
Determination of grinding parameters of fenugreek seed
Get PDFExperiment to identify ambient grinding conditions and energy consumed was conducted for fenugreek. Fenugreek seeds at three moisture content (5.1%, 11.5% and 17.3%, d.b.) were ground using a micro pulverizer hammer mill with different grinding screen openings (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm) and feed rate (8, 16 and 24 kg h-1) at 3000 rpm. Physical properties of fenugreek seeds were also determined. Specific energy consumptions were found to decrease from 204.67 to 23.09 kJ kg-1 for increasing levels of feed rate and grinder screen openings. On the other hand specific energy consumption increased with increasing moisture content. The highest specific energy consumption was recorded for 17.3% moisture content and 8 kg h-1 feed rate with 0.5 mm screen opening. Average particle size decreased from 1.06 to 0.39 mm with increase of moisture content and grinder screen opening. It has been observed that the average particle size was minimum at 0.5 mm screen opening and 8 kg h-1 feed rate at lower moisture content. Bond’s work index and Kick’s constant were found to increase from 8.97 to 950.92 kWh kg-1 and 0.932 to 78.851 kWh kg-1 with the increase of moisture content, feed rate and grinder screen opening, respectively. Size reduction ratio and grinding effectiveness of fenugreek seed were found to decrease from 4.11 to 1.61 and 0.0118 to 0.0018 with the increase of moisture content, feed rate and grinder screen opening, respectively. The loose and compact bulk densities varied from 219.2 to 719.4 kg m-3 and 137.3 to 736.2 kg m-3, respectively.