Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research
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Weather Based Forewarning Model for Powdery Mildew Disease of Mustard
No full textPowdery mildew disease is the most important disease of mustard (Brassica Juncea) which is highly sensitive to weather condition particularly temperature and humidity. To ascertain the relationship between weather variables and powdery mildew disease of mustard crop at Sardarkrushinagar, weekly powdery mildew data of 12 years (2010-11 to 2021-22) was collected from Centre for Oilseed Research, S.D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar. The data were pooled over the year and correlated with corresponding weather parameters recorded in Agromet Observatory, S.D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar. The forewarning regression equation was developed with the help of weather variables to predict the disease incidence. The results revealed that the maximum and minimum temperature ranged 26.2 to 38.1oC and 8.7 to 18.5oC respectively found congenial for disease incidence. The weather variables like maximum temperature (Tmax) and minimum temperature (Tmin) correlated significantly positive with powdery mildew disease. While morning relative humidity (RH I) and evening relative humidity (RH II) correlated significantly negative with disease severity. The impact of rainfall (RF), sunshine hour (SSH) and wind speed (WS) found positive but non-significant on powdery mildew disease. The weather variables those have significant relationship with powdery mildew disease, were used to develop multiple regression model. The regression equation Y = 62.837 + 8.072*Tmax – 3.919*RH1 developed with maximum temperature and morning relative humidity caused up to 96 % variability in the powdery mildew disease. Hence the combined effect of Tmax and RH1 was more pronounced and most influencing weather parameters on powdery mildew disease. Therefore, model could be used for predicting the powdery mildew disease well in advance
Assessment of Agricultural Cooperative Societies on Farm Input Supply in Ekiti State, Nigeria
No full textThis research investigated how Agricultural Cooperative Societies in Ekiti State, Nigeria, influenced the supply of farm inputs. The results indicate that most cooperative society members were male, in their working-age years, and had received formal education. These individuals were typically engaged in farming or held civil service jobs and accessed various benefits like employment opportunities, credit, dividends, agricultural inputs, and access to the output market through their cooperative society. The study revealed that 71.1% of farmers belonged to a cooperative society, with 51.1% having a membership duration of 1-5 years. The largest portion of farmers inherited their land (35.6%). Cooperative societies typically consisted of 6 to 10 members, and a substantial 60% of farmers had received formal education. Moreover, 64.4% had access to the output market through their cooperative society. Overall, the research demonstrates that agricultural cooperative societies in Ekiti State play a significant role in enhancing the supply of farm inputs, offering crucial resources and assistance to local farmers
Impact of Communication on Livelihood of Tribal Goat Farmers of Kandhamal District in Odisha, India
No full textThe present study was conducted to find out the intensity of communication of tribal goat farmers with different stakeholders to improve their livelihood. Kandhamal district of Odisha was purposively selected for the study as this district is highly concentrated with local goats. From randomly selected four blocks of the district, four villages were also selected randomly from each block. Thereafter, seven goat farmers from each village were selected randomly which constitute the sample size of 112 goat farmers for the study. The data for the study was collected personally by the researcher with the help of pre-tested interview schedule. The study employed ex-post facto research design to capture field data. Communication impact a component of overall livelihood impact was measured with the help of 10 validated statements in a five-point Likert type scale with scores on a continuum with 1(strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) for each of the statement. The study revealed that the farmers exposure to mass media, and interactions with professionals of veterinary department has increased due to goat farming. However, their overall communication impact is medium in nature indicating that the important stakeholders including government agencies involved in promotion of goat farming in the tribal areas should put emphasis on improving the communication ability of the famers which will be useful to them to access relevant information for strengthening their livelihood
Impact of Fish Guano and Abscisic Acid on Physiological Traits of Grain Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) under Moisture Stress
No full textField trials were conducted during the 2021 and 2022 at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Facultyof Agriculture Bayero University Kano (110 97′ 98.6′′N 80 42′03.7′′'E) and Research Farm of Aliko Dangote University of Science and Technology Wudil (11̊25′N 9̊E) to determine the impact of fish guano (FG) and abscisic acid (ABA) leaf area index (LAI), stomatal conductance(SC), photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and relative water content (RWC) of grain amaranth under moisture stress conditions. Treatments consisted of moisture stress stages (vegetative, flowering and grain filling), FG (0, 0.1 and 0.2kg) and ABA concentrations (0, 20and 50 µmolL-1) and laid out in a split-plot design and replicated three times. Moisture stress was applied in the main plots, while FG and ABA treatments were applied in the subplots. Data was collected on LAI, SC, PAR and RWC and subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using GENSTAT 17th edition software. Significant treatment means were separated using the Student Newman Keuls Test (SNK) at 5% probability level. In 2021 and 2022, the LAI and RWC of the plants at BUK and Wudil were significantly (p<0.001) boosted by the application of 0.2 kg FG levels and 50 µmolL-1 ABA. In the 2021 season, plants experiencing moisture stress during flowering exhibited significantly (p<0.05) higher RWC at BUK. Additionally, the application of 20 µmolL-1 ABA had a significant (p<0.05) effect on stomatal conductance at BUK and Wudil in both seasons. The results of this study suggested that FG and ABA could be useful strategies for improving the performance and resilience of grain amaranth crops in the face of moisture stress
Eco Friendly Management of Alternaria Blight Disease: A Review
No full textThe World is passing through a critical phase of climate change and its effect on the ecosystem. It can be related to growing plant diseases that are becoming more and more important because of the losses they cause. So controlling plant disease is very crucial looking at the growing population and availability of arable land. Alternaria leaf spot or leaf blight caused by different species of Alternaria is a major threat to growing crops mostly vegetables. It can lead to yield losses ranging from 20% to 80% worldwide. Chemical fungicides have been effectively managing this disease, but their extensive use has raised concerns due to adverse impacts on environmental and human health. There is an increasing demand for sustainable and eco- friendly management to combat the disease. Some emerging approaches offer promising alternatives to chemical control like the use of biocontrol agents (e.g., Trichoderma spp., Pseudomonas), plant-derived products (e.g., neem extracts, essential oils), and disease-resistant varieties, etc. These alternative and eco-friendly methods not only give long-term sustainability in agricultural production but also reduce the environmental hazards associated with the overuse of fungicides. So this review sheds light on the importance of an integrated disease management approach that can be employed in diverse agroclimatic conditions, aiming to reduce the impact of Alternaria spp. on crop productivity, improving global ecosystem health and a greener environment
Enhancing Sustainability with Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan (l.) Millsp) Based Cropping Systems in India: Insights and Practices
No full textIntercropping systems involving pigeon pea significantly enhance productivity, economic returns, and land-use efficiency compared to sole cropping systems. Studies highlight that transplanting 4–5-week-old pigeon pea seedlings, particularly with finger millet, soybean, or mungbean, improves pigeon pea equivalent yield (PEY), land equivalent ratio (LER), and net returns due to better resource utilization and reduced competition. Legume-based intercropping systems leverage complementary nutrient dynamics and higher market value, achieving superior returns. Integrated nutrient management (INM) further optimizes growth, yield, and soil fertility, enhancing system sustainability. Strategic planting geometries, such as paired rows and additive systems, maximize the synergy between crops, while spatial arrangements like pigeon pea + black gram-wheat sequences yield high productivity (17.70 q ha⁻¹) and profitability (₹23,867 ha⁻¹). Utilizing nitrogen-fixing legumes in rotation systems significantly boosts land-use efficiency and energy utilization. Conventional tillage systems improve yields of pigeon pea and finger millet through enhanced weed control, while INM strategies provide synchronized nutrient supply in rotation systems, optimizing grain and straw yields. Intercropping pigeon peas with sorghum or sunflower notably reduces pod damage and wilt incidence. These systems also promote ecological benefits, such as enhanced activity of predators, parasitoids, and insectivorous birds, which mitigate pest populations. Integrated pest management (IPM) within intercropping systems further reduces pod borer damage and improves productivity. For instance, pigeon pea intercropped with sorghum recorded reduced pest incidence, lower pod damage, and higher productivity compared to sole cropping. These benefits stem from intercrop-emitted volatile compounds that deter pests and encourage predator activity. Overall, the adoption of intercropping systems with pigeon pea, coupled with INM and IPM practices, ensures sustainable intensification of agriculture by enhancing productivity, profitability, and ecological balance while maintaining soil health. This makes intercropping a vital strategy for achieving sustainable agricultural growth
Watering Regimes and Their Effects on Growth and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) Varieties
No full textClimate change is causing a serious threat to agricultural sector as the major causes of environmental stress influencing plant growth and development. Water stress is one the major environmental stress. In order to evaluate the effects of two contrasting water stress (drought and waterlogging) on the growth and yield of soybean, a greenhouse experiment with 3 varieties of soybean and 5 watering regimes was conducted. Result showed that drought has more significant effect on soybean production than waterlogging. Water stress was observed to reduce plant height, root length, leaf area, number of leaves and number of pods produced in soybean. There is increase in chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B and proline which signify increase tolerance and resistance to water stress. Soil nitrogen fixed was reduced as water stress increases from waterlogging to drought. Findings shows that varieties of soybean were significant in all data obtained except root length. Result also concluded that watering regime of twice a week producing an average soil water content of 22.02% will be optimum for soybean production
Evaluation of Botanicals against Powdery Mildew (Oidium mangiferae Berthet) of Mango (Mangifera indica L.)
No full textMango (Mangifera indica L.) belongs to the family Anacardiaceae and is a native of the Indo-Burma (now Myanmar) region. The fungal diseases occur in higher proportions leading to huge economic losses for the growers. Out of various fungal diseases, powdery mildew (O. mangiferae) is the most destructive malady encountering almost all the commercial cultivars. In the present study total eight botanicals were tested against powdery mildew under field. Minimum powdery mildew severity (10.83 %) and maximum disease reduction (76.67 %) over control were recorded in treatment with Neem leaf extract at 10 per cent concentration. The next best treatment was Garlic clove extract at 10 per cent concentration which was found on par with Onion bulb extract, Zinger clove extract and Turmeric rhizome extract in per cent disease severity and per cent disease reduction respectively
Image Sensing, A Unique Tool for Early Detection of Nitrogen Deficiency of Tomato Grown in Hot and Humid Greenhouses
No full textProtected culture (PC) answers the major issues in conventional agriculture, and thus helps feed the rising world population. Meanwhile, soilless culture has become an integral part of the PC, for sake of catering to the plant nutrient requirements precisely. Therefore, innovative intellective diagnostic systems for diagnosing nutrient deficiency symptoms in protected culture is a timely need. Hence this experiment was conducted to test the effectiveness of “Image Sensing” as a diagnostic tool for nitrogen deficiency under semi-intensive greenhouse management in hot and humid weather. In this study N deficiency symptoms of tomato were detected by leaf color changes, identified through image sensing, and the deficiency was confirmed with respect to retardation of plant growth. Tomato plants were subjected to a series of N treatments by providing 200, 100, 50, 25, and 12.5 percent of the recommended N supply for soilless culture tomatoes. The results showed that morphology changes like stem thickness, leaf area, plant height, and leaf number were significantly reduced along with a reduction of N supply (p<0.05) beginning from 5th week after transplanting (WAT). Leaf images were processed in “ImageJ”, software” to determine the green color intensity of leaves. Image analysis showed that there was a significant difference among treatments since the 3rd WAT. The leaf color chart was less effective for distinguishing leaf color at the early stages of N deficiency. The results revealed that diagnosis of N deficiency in tomato leaves could be effectively done by image sensing much earlier than the use of plant growth parameters or morphological changes. Hence, image sensing can be used as a more effective diagnostic tool for early detection of N deficiency of tomato cultivations in hot and humid greenhouses, that can be used to improve crop management, especially in large large-scale commercial practices
Climate Risks of Irrigation Developments in the Nariarle Sub- watershed in Koubri, Nankanbé Basin, Burkina Faso
No full textIrrigation schemes in the Nariarlé sub-watershed, Nankanbé basin in Burkina Faso are exposed to climatic risks. These risks are accentuated by the combination of several natural, biophysical and anthropogenic factors. The objective of this study is to assess the climate risks of developments in Burkina Faso. The absence of a previous study assessing the risks of the basin highlights the originality of this article. Documentary research and the processing of satellite images served as methodology. This methodology is supported by field surveys of 160 farmers, questionnaires and interview guides. The climatic analysis shows an evolution of minimum and maximum temperatures and a persistence of deficit years. The climate risks identified are: risks of vulnerability to climatic hazards (water stress, soil erodibility, flooding of irrigated areas, heatwaves), risks of exposure (demographic pressure, increase in the level of CO 2 content of developments, economic deficit). Climate risk assessment provides decision support tools, guidance, effective adaptation practices and techniques