Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research
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Assessment of Water Resources Potential of Ogun River for Irrigation Purposes at Middle Ogun Irrigation Project
No full textThe Middle Ogun Irrigation Project (MOIP) was conceived by the Federal Government of Nigeria to boost agricultural food production in the southwestern part of the country using modern irrigation facilities. However, water supply from the Ikere Gorge dam has been intermittent, particularly at the intake weir of this project, despite the enormous water resources on the dam. Therefore, this project assessed the water resources potential at the Odo Ogun intake weir guage station of the Middle Ogun Irrigation Project and evaluated the seasonal irrigation requirements on irrigation fields. The Flow Duration Curve (FDC) was derived at the gauge site for streamflow discharge from four quartiles and percentage reliability of Q95%, Q75%, Q50% and Q25%, which gave 32.40, 55.01, 60.00 and 90.00 m3/s, respectively. Hydrological modelling of the catchment was carried out using the MapWindow Soil and Water Assessment Tool (MWSWAT) for ten delineated sub-basins on the catchment and the average annual yield from the catchment was 10,094.00 mm/year. The net seasonal irrigation requirement of crops grown was evaluated using CROPWAT 8.0 and gave 428.46 mm per planting season
A Review of Machine Learning Applications and Their Predictive Solutions in Agriculture
No full textThe agricultural revolution has made an innovative wave for global production systems through digital and smart technology. Modern agriculture is being connected to smart technology to improve efficiency in production. Besides, innovative technology helps farmers to understand crop insights and assist with accurate crop information. This study’s aim is to survey machine learning applications and their predictive solutions in the agriculture industry. This study briefs out existing machine learning models and prediction result summaries in agricultural data. The article's findings reveal the estimated prediction model for forecasting output and predictive solutions in agricultural farming practices. The article employs previous articles to result in machine learning prediction model workflow and the main goal of this study is to find more innovative suggestions for farmers to follow in agricultural farming practices
Piper nigrum Leaf Extract Mediated Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and their Antimicrobial Activity Against Soil Phytopathogens
No full textThe bio-inspired synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Piper nigrum leaf extract (BP-CuONPs) is reported in this study. The rapid reduction of copper (Cu2+) ions was preliminarily confirmed using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer with peak formation at 270 nm. Further-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the crystalline phase of copper oxide with a monoclinic crystal structure. Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of the nanoparticles revealed the presence of various functional groups, including alcohol, phenols, carboxylic acids, and amide containing alkaloids such as piperine, which serve as reducing and capping agents for the metal nanoparticles and indicate the presence of metal oxide nanoparticles. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy revealed that the weight percentage of copper was approximately 68.29%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the formation of spherical BP-CuONP NPs with an average particle size of 5 nm- 24.5 nm. BP-CuONPs exhibited complete inhibition against four soil-borne fungal phytopathogens at 1500ppm
Genetic Studies of Heterosis and Combining Ability for Foliar Disease, Yield and Its Contributing Characters in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)
No full textThe present study was carried out in the farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr –El Sheikh, Egypt, during2019/20, 2020 /21seasons to produce seed hybrids (F1 seeds) which evaluated in 2021/22 season. Four parental genotypes namely; Almany, Giza 843, Misr 3 and Najeh were used as testers, while four material genotypes namely; Line 1, Line 2,Line 3 and Line 4 used as lines which crossed according to Line X tester mating system under insect free cages in the first and second seasons. In the third season the resulted F1, s sixteen crosses along with their parental genotypes were sown in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications during 2021/22 season. The data subjected to line x tester analysis. Highly significant of genotypes, parents and crosses were found for all traits. The magnitude of genotypes or any of its components i.e., parents, crosses and parents vs. crosses were several times large than corresponding mean squares of error. Mean squares of parent's vs. crosses as an indication to average heterosis over all crosses appeared to be highly significant heterotic effects for almost all traits. Partitioning the crosses mean squares to its components i.e., lines, testers and lines x testers revealed that, lines and testers mean squares seems to be not significant for all traits. While, lines x testers mean squares found to be highly significant for all traits. The ratio of s2gca/s2sca was less than unity for all traits, indicating that the non-additive gene effects were of greater important in the inheritance of these traits. The crosses; Line 1 x Tester 1, Line 1 x Tester 2, Line 2 x Tester 2, Line 3 x Tester 1, Line3 x Tester 4, Line 4 x Tester 1 and Line 4 x Tester 2 had significant and /or highly significant mid and better parents heterotic effects for many important traits a result of over-dominance in approximately all studied traits. Tester 4 considered as good combiner parent for plant height, No of pods/plant, No of seeds /plant, seed yield /plant and curd protein percentage. The cross; Line 1 x Tester 2 expressed significant (Ŝij) in favorable direction for rust disease reaction, flowering date, plant height and crude protein percentage. The cross; Line 2 x Tester 3 had significant (Ŝij) in favorable direction for chocolate spot diseases reaction, plant height and No. of branches/plant and the cross; Line 4 x Tester 2 had significant (Ŝij) in positive direction for No of branches/plant, No of pods/plant, No of seeds/plant, seed yield /plant and carbohydrate percentage. Brood sense heritability ranged from 24.6% for No. of seeds/plant to 77.90% for 100-seed weight. While, narrow- sense heritability (h2), ranged between 0.68% for 100-seed weight to 20.28% for chocolate spot diseases reaction. The predicted genetic advance ranged from 0.18% for 100- seed weight to 6.92% for chocolate spot diseases reaction
Analysis of Marketing Channels, Price Spread and Costs of Wheat in Junagadh District of Gujarat, India
No full textThe purpose of this study was to estimate the price spread, marketing margin and marketing cost of wheat in the Junagadh district. The present study was carried out in Junagadh district. Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted as per the objective of study and total 120 farmers were selected for the study purpose. Data were gathered through in-person interviews with farmers, typically conducted on their farms, using a structured questionnaire. For the wheat, three main marketing channels were identified: Producer-consumer (Channel I), Producer-village trader-consumer (Channel II), and Producer-wholesaler-retailer-consumer (Channel III). With the lowest overall cost, margin, and price spread, Channel-I earned the largest producer's share in terms of consumer rupees. Whereas Channels II and III, being the least efficient
Development and Evaluation of a Helical Ribbon-Type Mixer for Mushroom Substrate
No full textManual substrate mixing for mushroom production such as rice straws, sawdust, and banana leaves is laborious and time-consuming. Substrates need to be thoroughly mixed to produce mushrooms of good quality. This study was done to design, fabricate, and evaluate the performance of a helical ribbon-type mixer. The performance of the ribbon-type mixer was evaluated in terms of the mixing capacity and mixing efficiency. Loading weight (5kg, 10kg, and 15kg) and operating speed (11-15rpm, 16-20rpm, and 21-25rpm) of the machine were used as the performance parameters. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for Factorial Experiment in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used to analyze the results while comparison among treatment means was tested at 5% level of significance using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Results revealed that the highest machine capacity of 226.67 kg/hr was attained at a loading weight of 15kg and an operating speed of 21-25rpm. Maximum mixing efficiency (95.27%) was achieved with the combination of 15 kg loading weight and an operating speed of 11-15 rpm. The initial investment in fabricating the substrate mixer for mushroom production was Php 21, 713. Operating the substrate mixer for mushroom production had a projected annual cost of Php 3,655.475. Break – even weight was 91,795.24 kg of substrates per year at a custom rate of Php 0.35 per kilogram
Soil and Roots Nematodes of Banana (Musa sapientum L.) in Otuoke Community, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
No full textBanana (Musa sapientum L.) cultivation in rural communities creates job opportunities and generates income. Soil nematodes, a major pest, can lead to yield loss and financial loss. To ensure sustainable production and food security, it's crucial to survey potential threats and identify incumbent nematode species. Identifying these species can help develop effective pest management strategies. A survey was carried out to determine the potential nematode species of threat to banana production in Otuoke community, Bayelsa State. The random sampling technique was employed and soil and roots from two banana mono-cultured vegetations were tested. The modified sieve plate technique was used for nematode extraction and nematode pictorial key was employed for nematode identification to genera level. A total of 438 nematodes representing 8 genera were identified, among which 51.4% occurred in farm 1 and 48.6% were reported from farm 2. Nematodes of significant economic interest reported in this survey were Meloidogyne species (23.1%), Pratylenchus species (18.5%), Ditylenchus species (15.3%), Helicotylenchus species (10.0%), Hemicyclophora species (9.8%), Rotylenchus species (9.1%), Radopholus species (8.4%) and Paratylenchus species (5.7%). The occurrence of nematodes against farm types displayed disparities which was indicative that nematodes survival strategy depends on the prevailing field conditions. The study revealed that nematodes compose a prominent pest group infesting banana in Otuoke and should be checked to ameliorate food security
The Dynamics of Oil Palm Plantations in East Kalimantan: A Case Study of 2010-2020
No full textThis inquire about investigates the ways that these desires are playing out within the oil palm plantation in East Kalimantan. Oil palm plantation are East Kalimantan's breakthrough to extend community economic development whereas diminishing the region’s reliance on natural resources. This investigate employments a qualitative descriptive analysis method from primary data gotten through literature studies and focus group discussions. We discover that oil palm plantation postures genuine deforestation challenges to the concept of green development, as 44% of arrive apportioned for plantations is still forested. At the same time, there may be openings to dodge deforestation and seek after more feasible oil palm improvment pathways, as 87% of concessions have however to be planted. The improvement of oil palm plantations is supported by few government regulations, in spite of the fact that their usage within the districts makes different impediments
Field and Economic Evaluation of Barley Productivity as Affected by Seed Rates and Slow-release Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels under Rainfed Conditions
No full textA field experiment was conducted at the north western coast of Egypt under rainfed conditions to study the effects of seed rates (70, 95 and 120 kg ha-1) and nitrogen fertilizer treatments (0, 35, 70 and 105 kg N ha-1) of Ensiabeen-40% N as slow-release fertilizer compared with 105 kg N ha-1 as Ammonium nitrate (33.5%N) on productivity of barley cultivar Giza134. This investigation was conducted during 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 winter growing seasons. The treatments were laid out in a split plot design, with three replications. Plant height, spike length, number of grins spike-1, number of spikes per m2, 1000 grain weight, biological and grain yield were recorded. In addition, total income and net return (LE)/hactare were calculated. The results indicated that mean squares due to seasons, seed rates, nitrogen levels and their interactions were significant for most studied traits. Mean performance of the studied traits as affected by seasons, seed rates and nitrogen levels showed that, the most desirable values were obtained by SR1 for spike length (6.13cm), number of grains spike-1 (48.78 grain) and 1000 grain weight (42.15g), from SR2 for Biological yield (6.02 ton ha-1) and grain yield (1.85 ton ha-1) and from SR3 for plant height (78.28cm) and number of spikes m-2 (180.11 spike). For nitrogen level effects, N4 recorded the most favorable values for all studied traits; plant height (81.48cm), spike length (6.33cm), number of grains spike-1 (49.99 grain), number of spikes m-2 (187.60 spike), Biological yield (6.88 ton ha-1), grain yield (2.12 ton ha-1) and 1000 grain weight (42.89g). Grain yield exhibited highly significant and positive correlation with each of plant height (r= 0.833**), spike length(r=0.621**), number of grains spike-1 (r=0.768**), number of spikes m-2(r=0.880**) and weight of 1000 grains (r= 0.661**). The most contributing variable in the total variation of grain yield were number of spikes m-2, number of grains spike-1 and spike length. These variables contributed by 92.9% in the grain yield variation. The results also indicated that, the highest values in the total income were 19149 and 24990 pound.hec-1 respectively, and net return were 9492 and 15498 pound.hec-1 obtained from the interaction between seed rate of 5kg ha-1 (SR2) and 105 unit of slow release fertilizer (N4) during the two growing seasons. It could recommend this treatment to maximize the total income for the farmers in such location
Determinants of Market Participation among Smallholder Common Bean Farmers in Eswatini (Former Swaziland)
No full textPurpose: Promoting small-scale farmers’ market participation is perceived to be a motivation of transforming peasantry subsistence farming to commercialization for improved rural livelihoods especially in developing countries like Eswatini. Despite efforts by the government and other stakeholders the transformation process is too slow or stagnant mostly on non-traditional export food commodities including common beans in Eswatini. The drivers of small-scale common bean farmers ‘market participation and level of market participation in Eswatini are not known, hence this study.
Objectives: The main objective of the present study is to find out the determinants of market participation among the smallholder common beans farmers in Eswatini.
Research Methods: This study used secondary data accessed from Eswatini Agricultural Development Enterprise (ESWADE) under the Smallholder Market Lead Project was used. The data was cleaned and a total of 164 common bean farmers were considered for this study. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and Heckman two-stage selection model.
Findings: The results generated indicate that most respondents were females (63%). The results further show that there is a significant difference of 1.396 in the number of family size helping in farming between participant and non-participants. About 84.8% of the farmers depend on rain to water their beans. Gender, knowing size of land, method of watering and household farm labour size were found to be the determinants of common bean farmer’s choice and intensity of participation in the market.
Recommendation: It is recommended that farmers should consider irrigating their crops, participate fully in farming activities and know their size of land because these factors has been proven to increase the intensity of market participation of bean farmers and the government should take initiative to provide more extension officers to conduct effective training and incentives that will encourage the middle age group to participate in sugar bean farming.
Originality/ Value: This paper highlights the determinants of market participation among the smallholder common beans farmers in Eswatini as well as establishes the socio-economic characteristics of the small scale common bean farmers