Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research
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Changes in Indigenous Paddy/Rice Marketing Channel Structure: An Evidence from Two Districts of Bangladesh
No full textAim: The study examines the evolution of the indigenous paddy/rice marketing system in Bangladesh.
Study Design: Descriptive-quantitative and qualitative.
Place and Duration of Study: For the research study, a simple random sampling procedure was used in two districts of Bangladesh, Brahmanbaria and Habiganj. The survey was conducted from February to March 2022.
Methodology: In total, 113 farmers and 43 different paddy and rice traders’ data were collected from two villages in Brahmanbaria. In addition, data was also collected from 179 farmers in six villages and 23 different types of paddy and rice traders in Habiganj district. The data was tabulated and entered in SPSS 18 and MS Excel to calculate descriptive statistics.
Results: The study revealed that in the indigenous paddy/rice marketing channel, Faria and LPA/Bepari were both very active actors. Over time, Faria’s business vanished in the 2nd stage, and LPA/Bepari has become the dominant actor, as about 64.3% of paddy is traded through them. In the 3rd stage, LPA/Bepari’s business has decreased, and LPB/Paddy Aratdar has become a dominant actor as about 68.9% of paddy is traded through them. In the 3rd stage, Paddy Aratdar cum Wholesaler has vanished from the paddy/rice marketing channel. Due to intense competition among paddy and rice traders, changes in their functions and marketing power in the paddy and rice markets, the development of infrastructure, and the enlarging of farmers’ facility conditions are the main reasons for the change.
Conclusion: Therefore, infrastructure and farmer facility condition enhancement need to be extended for future paddy/rice marketing structure improvement
The Physicochemical and Nutritional Analysis of Coconut Oil (Cocos nucifera) Extracted from the Tall Tree Variety
No full textAims: Coconut (Cocos nucifera) known as the ‘tree of life’ is an ancient fruit belonging to the palm family Arecaceae family and the only species in the genus Cocos. This study aims to characterize and show the nutritional qualities of coconut oil from the tall tree variety.
Methodology: The production methods include natural Fermentation, centrifugation, freeze-thawing, and solvent extraction. In physical and chemical properties, the moisture content, impurity, specific gravity, refractive index, oil yield, flash, fire, smoke point, melting point, thiobarbituric acid number, saponification, peroxide, iodine, and fatty acid value were analyzed and all fall within close ranges.
Results: The fat-soluble vitamins ranged from 18.65 ± 5.09 (vitamin A), 4.28 ± 0.68 (vitamin E), 4.11 ± 3.11(vitamin D) and 1.03 ± 0.21 (vitamin K) all in mg/100ml. Mineral analysis shows that coconut oil contains calcium, zinc, and iron with concentrations of 2.53 ± 0.23, 1.21 ± 0.19, and 0.53 ± 0.13 in mg/100ml respectively. Fatty acid analysis shows that coconut oil contains lauric, myristic, palmitic, caprylic, oleic, capric, stearic, linoleic, and caproic acid of which lauric acid was the highest with a range of 48.40 ± 0.23.
Conclusion: The result shows that coconut is a good source of nutrients and the fatty acids make it a good moisturizer
Impact of Providing Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Hay, Wheat Bran, and Their Mixes on Begait Lambs' Skin and Leather Quality
No full textAims:
To evaluate the impact of adding wheat bran (WB), cowpea hay (CPH), or mixes of the two on the chemical and physico-mechanical properties of leather.
To determine the ideal ratio for supplementing wheat bran and cowpea hay on the chemical and physico-mechanical properties of leather.
Study Design: The study employed a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five treatments and blocks.
Place and Duration of Study: Northern Ethiopia, Humera Agricultural Research Center farm, starting from December 2016 until November 2017.
Methodology: 25 intact male Begait lambs were bought from the local market, weighing an average of 28.02 ± 1.49 kg (mean ± SD) at 5 to 6 months of age. Based on their starting body weight, they were split into five groups and assigned randomly to each of the five treatments. The standard diet for T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 consisted of giving natural grass hay ad libitum plus supplements of 300 g CPH, 225 g CPH + 75 g WB, 150 g CPH + 150 g WB, 75 g CPH + 225 g WB, and 300 g WB DM day-1. Three lambs per treatment were randomly chosen, slaughtered, and dressed down using standard commercial techniques at the end of the feeding trial to assess the quality of skin and leather.
Results: Compared to the other treatment groups, the Begait lambs in T2 and T3 exhibited increased tensile strength, elongation strength, and thickness. However, the chemical makeup of skin was comparable between treatment groups.
Conclusion: Therefore, this study concluded that all test diets generated skin and leather that largely complied with the chemical and physico-mechanical quality standards demanded by the leather industry
Development Prospects of Apple Farming in India
No full textThe cultivation of apples in India has observed significant growth and transformation over the years, becoming a crucial component of the country's horticultural landscape. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of apple production in India, highlighting key factors influencing its cultivation, challenges faced by growers, and the economic impact on the agricultural sector. The review begins by exploring the historical evolution of apple cultivation in India, tracing its origins and the introduction of different apple varieties. It examines the geographical distribution of apple orchards across the country, emphasizing the diverse agro-climatic zones that contribute to the cultivation of this temperate fruit
An Analysis of Indian Overseas Bank's Case Study on the Conceptual Framework of Lending Technologies for Financing Small and Medium-sized Businesses
No full textThis to examine the Indian Overseas Bank’s credit facilities MSMEs with various financing options available and also examine the constraints in credit facilities. The sample respondents was 90, which comprised of seventy-one manufacturing enterprises and nineteen service enterprise respondents. Statistical tools such as Percentage analysis, Chi-square Test, factor analysis was used to analyse the data. The study revealed that, among manufacturing enterprise and service enterprise respondents, majority (67.60 per cent and 57.89 per cent) were small entrepreneurs. in middle age group (37.78 per cent). About 40 per cent were graduates and 78.89 per cent were sole proprietors. There was a significant association between type of business and age group, form of organization and business experience. 98 per cent of respondents were aware about term loan of which 65.90 per cent availed loan. 91 per cent of the respondents were aware of working capital finance of which 70.73 per cent availed loan. Bank officers (67.77 per cent) were main source of information. The source of finance (64.44 per cent) was IOB loan. They were willing to avail loan amount of Rs. 1-10 lakhs for two years. Maximum respondents repaid 25-50 per cent of loan. Difficulties faced by the customers in availing credit facilities were grouped under seven factors. Top five ranks were given to the statements such as; network of bank branches is not good, no wide range of services, non-availability of timely rehabilitation finance, lack of dissemination of information and lack of MSME loan processing centres at key locations. Majority of the respondents suggested for specialized branches of MSMEs (40 per cent)
Comparative Analysis of Consumer Preferences and Nutritional Composition of Wild and Farmed African Giant Rat. (Cricetomys gambianus) in Mampong Ashanti of Ghana
No full textThe African giant rat is one of Ghana's most common animals sought after as a source of meat (game). Local hunters use unhealthy means to hunt these animals, so attempts have been made to domesticate African giant rats in Ghana. Nevertheless, certain local consumers have articulated concerns, suggesting that wild giant rats' meat is more tender and leaner than those domestically farmed. The study was carried out to investigate consumer preference, sensory attributes, proximate composition, and acceptability of meats from wild and farmed African giant rats in Mampong Ashanti municipality in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The study was conducted from November to December 2023. A survey was carried out among the residents of Asante Mampong using a structured questionnaire, with 500 individuals aged 20 years and older randomly selected to participate. Twenty (20) animals comprising ten (10) wild and ten (10) farmed African giant rats were used for the sensory and proximate analyses in a completely randomised design. Statistical Package for Social Sciences software was used for data analysis. Most participants (57%) preferred meat from wild African giant rats to their farmed counterparts, while only 7% indicated an equal fondness for both. Respondents with Islamic faith showed a preference for the meat of farmed African giant rats because of halal slaughter. The proximate composition of the raw giant rat meat was not affected by the sex since the values were very similar. However, wild African giant rat meat showed significantly (P =0.05) better proximate composition than the farmed ones. Except for meat colour and tenderness, meat from wild giant rats showed significantly (P = 0.05) better sensory properties than the meat from the farmed animals. This study concludes that meat sourced from giant African rats raised on farms is safer, has an impressive protein content, and has moderate fat levels
Effect of different Nitrogen Levels on Yield and Quality of Forage Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench cv. Abusabien)
No full textThe present study was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Studies, University of Kordofan, Elobeid, Sudan. To evaluate the effect of different nitrogen fertilizer levels on growth, yield and quality of Sorghum forage (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench. cv Abusabien). The treatments consisted of four levels of nitrogen: control, 43, 86 and 120 kg N/ha (0N, 1N, 2N and 3N). The treatments were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five replications. The parameters measured were: plant population, plant height (cm), number of leaves/plant, fresh weight (ton/ha), dry weight (ton/ha), crude protein (%) content, fat (%) content, fiber (%) content, ash (%) content and carbohydrates (%) content. the results revealed that there were significant differences among the treatments in most characters under study. Nitrogen fertilizer resulted in an increase in growth attributes as well as forage yield. Nitrogen fertilizer dose (120 kg N/ha) produced higher fresh and dry forage at harvest compared to the other treatments. Also the results showed that nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the percentage (%) content of crude protein, fat, ash and carbohydrates while decreased fiber percentage (%) concentration compared to the control. The treatment 120 kg N/ha (3N) had highest values of protein (13.68), fat (2.04), ash (12.18) (%) content, while the lowest values (9.73, 1.32 and 10.07) % content respectively, were obtained in the control. Then, based on these findings we recommended that to obtain high growth, forage yield and quality from sorghum forage Abu-Sabeen, nitrogen at the level of (120 kg/ha ) should be applied
Assessment of the Performance of Drip-Irrigated Green Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) under Poly-House and Open-Field Conditions
No full textSweet pepper (Capsicum annum L.) is one of an important group of vegetables grown extensively, widely cultivated and used as foods in almost every country of the world. It is a high productivity crop, it has high remunerative and nutritive values. Sweet pepper consumption in Nigeria is growing recently because of increasing demand by rural and urban consumers as a result of rapid population growth and water scarcity calls for an alternative means of production system for sustenance of the human race. The experiment was carried out during the dry seasons of 2020.2021 and 2021/2022 at the Teaching and Research Field of Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. The beds were prepared, nursery was raised, drip irrigation system was installed and fumigation was carried out before transplanting. The experimental design was a randomized complete block (RCBD) with nine replications in each environment. The same design was applied to both poly-house and open-field conditions. The factors are environment (poly-house and open-field) and irrigation intervals of 5, 6 and 7 days (I5, I6 and I7). Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) was used for multiple comparison. Drip irrigation was applied to all plots at different irrigation intervals. Number of leaves (NL), plant height (PH), stem girth (SG) and weight of fresh fruit (WFF) were recorded. The respective results of performance of green pepper at different irrigation treatments under poly-house and open-field in the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 growing seasons were: NL-I5: 180, I6: 185, I7: 171 and I5: 120, I6: 139, I7: 122 in 2020/2021 growing season while I5: 157, I6: 173, I7: 160 and I5: 108.3, I6: 118.3, I7: 118 during 2021/2022 growing season. PH-I5: 128.7, I6: 139.3, I7: 125.3 and I5: 108.3, I6: 118.3, I7: 104.7 cm in 2020/2021 growing season while I5: 117.7, I6: 129.7, I7: 120 and I5: 102, I6: 115, I7: 99.3 cm during 2021/2022 growing season. SG-I5: 30, I6: 29.7, I7: 29.6 and I5: 25.1, I6: 26, I7: 25 mm in 2020/2021 growing season while I5: 20.3, I6: 23.3, I7: 21.3 and I5: 18.5, I6: 20, I7: 17.9 mm during 2021/2022 growing season. WFF-I5: 20.3, I6: 29.2, I7: 19.8 and I5: 13.3.1, I6: 21, I7: 14.2 kg/m2 in 2020/2021 growing season while I5: 14.6, I6: 23.5, I7: 14.7 and I5: 9.5, I6: 17.8, I7: 8.8 kg/m2 during 2021/2022 growing season.
The controlled conditions provided by the poly-house resulted in best overall performance compared to the open field environment. It is recommended that the assessment of long-term sustainability and economic viability of poly-house cultivation for green pepper production be conducted
A Review on Effects of Biofertilizers and Bio Capsules on Vegetative Growth, Flowering and Fruiting Attributes of Strawberry
No full textThis paper analyzes the impact of biofertilizers and bio capsules the vegetative growth, flowering, and fruiting attributes of strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa). Biofertilizers are natural substances containing beneficial microorganisms that enhance nutrient availability in the soil, while bio capsules encapsulate beneficial microbes for controlled release. Many researchers have concluded their positive finding with regards to application of various biofertilizers and biocapsules in strawberry as well as in other horticultural crops. This paper provides current findings and explains the role of biofertilizer and bio capsules and its effect on different stages of strawberry development. This review highlights the potential of these sustainable agricultural practices in optimizing strawberry cultivation in an eco-friendly way
The Impact of Rainfall on Oil Palm Production: A Case Study in Berau Regency, East Borneo, Indonesia
No full textThis study examines the impact of rainfall on oil palm growth and productivity in the Berau region of East Borneo, Indonesia. The research utilized qualitative and quantitative field studies, employing correlation and regression analysis. The study focused on the oil palm plantation area as its subject. Data was collected from a plantation in the Berau region of East Borneo. The plantation has homogeneous plant age (same planting year, 2009) and homogeneous progeny (Scofindo variety) and is included in the company's core plantation. The observation parameters included rainfall, rainy days, fresh fruit bunches, and plant productivity. It was found that rainfall and rainy days have an impact on oil palm productivity. The regression results indicate a positive correlation between rainfall and oil palm productivity, with a correlation coefficient of 0.025109171. However, rainy days have a negative effect on oil palm productivity, with a correlation coefficient of -0.036778304, despite being positively correlated with rainfall. The correlation coefficient of 0.768386269 indicates a direct impact on reducing oil palm productivity. Rainfall indirectly affects oil palm productivity by influencing temperature, humidity, intensity, and length of daily irradiation. These factors directly affect the productivity of oil palm plants