Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research
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Climatic Suitability for Cocoa Production in Nigeria
No full textCocoa is one of the major cash crops that contribute more to the gross domestic product (GDP) of Nigeria and West Africa as a whole. Its contribution to the economic development of Africa and the world in general cannot be over emphasized. However, it has been discovered that cocoa is susceptible to changes in climatic parameters which has made it difficult to be grown in every part of the country, hence, the need to underscore the areas that are climatically suitable for the production of cocoa in Nigeria. This study was carried out to determine the climatic suitability pattern for the production of cocoa in Nigeria. A series of multi-year climate and crop yield simulations were performed for the present day (1976-2005), Mid-term (2021-2050) and long-term (2071-2100) under RCP 4.5 emission scenario using Fuzzy Logic Method (FLM) in ArcGIS (10.4.1). The results showed that some regions that are climatically suitable for cocoa production in the present day have not been explored. The regions with moderately suitability was projected to decrease the year 2050 while regions with marginally suitable, will increase by the year 2050. The remaining land that are not suitable will also decrease by the year 2050. The very suitable region was projected to increase by the year 2050 and by 2100. Also, a land area suitable and moderately suitable for cocoa production was projected to increase in land mass by the year 2050 and 2100. However, the region with marginally suitability will decrease by 2050 and year 2100. Meanwhile, the area that is not suitable by 2050 will increase by the year 2100. Which means there is a decrease in climatic suitability of cocoa by 2100 as projected
Fruit Sorting by Pizzo-electric Sensor and PLC Controlling
No full textAbstract: The fruit sorting process traditionally relies on visual inspection, primarily considering size as a key quality parameter. However, industries engaged in large-scale fruit trading have turned to image processing technology for sorting, despite its high cost and impracticality for small traders. This paper proposes an alternative sorting system that offers an economical solution suitable for automated fruit sorting at various scales.
Aim: The aim of this study is to develop an economical automated fruit sorting system capable of classifying fruits based on their weight, thereby eliminating the need for manual labor and improving sorting accuracy and efficiency.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Electrical Engineering Finolex Academy of Management and Technology, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, between July 2023 to April 2024.
Study Design: This study employs a practical approach to design an automated fruit sorting system that utilizes Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) technology in conjunction with load cells. The system is designed to classify fruits based on their weight as they move along a conveyor belt, thereby automating the sorting process.
Methodology: The proposed sorting system integrates PLC technology and load cells to accurately measure and classify fruits based on their weight. By eliminating the need for manual intervention, the system enhances sorting efficiency and accuracy. The system is designed to be cost-effective and suitable for implementation by small traders and farmers.
Results: The developed sorting system demonstrates precise, reliable, and consistent sorting outcomes based on fruit weight. By automating the sorting process, the system achieves improved efficiency and productivity compared to traditional manual sorting methods. Moreover, the cost-effectiveness of the system makes it accessible to small traders and farmers seeking to enhance their sorting practices.
Conclusion: The proposed sorting system offers an economical and efficient solution for automated fruit sorting, particularly for small traders and farmers. By leveraging PLC technology and load cells, the system provides reliable alternative to costly image processing-based methods. The automation of the sorting process eliminates the risk of errors and inconsistencies associated with manual sorting, while ensuring accurate and quantitative classification based on fruit weight. This sorting system presents a practical approach to improving fruit trading operations, enhancing efficiency, and productivity
Germination Indices and Seedling Growth Parameters in Maize under Salinity Stress with Varying Concentrations of Giberellic Acid (GA)
No full textSalinity stress is one of the factors limiting seed emergence and seedling development in sunflower at New halfa scheme in East of Sudan. A study of two factors pots experiment was conducted during winter season of 2019 to evaluate germination indices and seedling growth characters of maize seeds under salinity stress with varying concentrations of synthetic growth regulator namely (GA3). The experiment was laid out according RCBD with three replications. Treatments consisted of five levels of salinity (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2% ) designated as Na0, Na0.5, Na1.0 ,Na1.5 and Na2.0, and four levels of GA3 were (0, 50,75 and 100 p.pm) designated as G0, G50, G75 and G100, respectively,. The studied parameters include germination indices; daily germination (MDG), daily germination speed (DGS), final germination percentage (FGP), mean emergence time (MET), mean Energy of germination (EE), emergence index (EI), coefficient of uniformity of emergence (CUE) and vigour index (SVI). Also, seedling fresh and dry weight, shoot length and root length were measured, and the shoot/root ratio was calculated. The negative effects of salinity stress significantly decreased germination indices and seedlings growth characters in a dose dependent manner. The results showed that, application of GA3 at medium levels concentration (specify those doses) increased all studied parameters. In conclusion, application of high Ga3 levels enhanced all germination indices and seedlings growth characters while high salinity levels reduced these traits of maize seeds. Such result has made the base for further study that should be conducted in different seasons with different growth regulators involving different parameters of other crops.  
Determination of Ideal Spacing for the Growth and Development of Boro Rice BRRI Dhan47
No full textA study was carried out in the Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh to investigate the impact of spacing on the growth and yield of Boro rice cv. BRRI Dhan47. The experiment consisted of four spacings viz. 25 cm × 10 cm, 25 cm × 15 cm, 25 cm × 20 cm and 25 cm × 25 cm as treatment. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Spacing significantly influenced most of the parameters except plant height, panicle length and weight of 1000 grain. The highest number of total tillers hill-1, non-effective tillers hill-1, sterile spikelets panicle-1, total spikelets panicle-1 (146.07) and straw yield were obtained from 25 cm × 25 cm spacing. But, the maximum number of effective tillers hill-1, grains panicle-1 (125.40), grain yield (5.05 t ha-1), biological yield (11.22 t ha-1) and harvest index (44.86%) were recorded from 25 cm × 15 cm spacing. The lowest value of the above-mentioned characters was obtained from 25 cm × 10 cm spacing in most of the cases except minimum non-effective tillers hill-1 and number of sterile spikelets panicle were obtained from 25 cm × 15 cm spacing and the lowest harvest index (41.14%) was recorded from 25 cm × 25 cm spacing. Based on the findings of the study, it can be suggested that the use of 25 cm × 15 cm spacing would be a promising practice to improve growth and maximize the grain yield of BRRI dhan47
Gender Roles in Improved Cowpea Varieties Production and Selection Among Farmers in Kano State, Nigeria
No full textGender plays a vital role in agricultural production, especially for cowpea, which is an important crop in Nigeria. The selection of good preferred varieties results in optimum output. The study assessed the gender roles in improved cowpea variety production and its selection among farmers in Kano State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select six (6) Local Government Areas (LGAs) from the three (3) Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) zones in the state. 204 farmers were selected across the six LGAs. The Harvard Analytical Framework and questionnaire were used to collect the data, and descriptive statistics were also used to analyse it. The results from the study revealed that the majority (63%) of adult males are the key actors in all cowpea farm activities, with the exception of the processing of farm products, which is being carried out mainly by the majority (76.6%) of adult females with the assistance of the female youth in the household. Females handled the majority of the income-generating tasks, such as petty trading and the sale of processed cowpea products. Adult males in the study area had more access to and control over the available production resources than adult females, and almost all the respondents benefited from the resources, such as food items, clothing, education, etc. The result further indicated that the constraints faced by both male and female farmers were inadequate training on improved agronomic practices and no proper information on the cowpea varieties. Conclusively, adult males performed most of the cowpea production and selection activities, and females were responsible for the income-generating activities. Therefore, farmers should be adequately trained on the improved cowpea production practices and females be encourage to participate actively in cowpea production activities
Review of Consumer Purchasing Patterns for Milk Products in Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India
No full textMilk and milk products play a vital role in fast moving consumer goods (FMCG). Milk products have very low shelf life and are prone to deterges, if proper care is not taken while pasteurizing, processing, packaging and handling. Hence, consumers desire local brand milk products than national brands or others, due to its more availability, less preservatives and longer shelf time. It is a well-known fact that most of the consumers still prefer traditional ways for the consumption of milk and milk products. So, the awareness about packed milk products is lower in these days as these products are mostly restricted with urban consumers. Whereas, many consumers feel packed milk products are not safe to consume. So, the main focus of this review was to analyze the buying behavior of consumers towards Aroma milk products. The review was to done to determine the perception and attitude of consumers towards buying Aroma milk products which helped to understand the value of the product in consumer’s point of view
Influence of Auxin on Flowering, Fruit Set and Yield Performance of Yard Long Bean (Vigna unguiculata var. sesquipedalis)
No full textThe field experiment was conducted at the Horticultural Farm, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, to study the effects of different levels of nutrient management and the growth regulator Auxin on the growth and yield of yard-long bean. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) consisted with two factors. Factor A: four levels of nutrient management; i) N0: control (N0, P0, K0) Kg/ha; ii) N1: (N12 P18 K22) Kg/ha; iii) N2: (N18 P27 K33) Kg/ha; iv) N3: (N24 P36 K44) Kg/ha. Factor B: three levels of auxin (indole acetic acid); i) I0: control (0 ppm); ii) I1: 20 ppm; iii) I2: 40 ppm. The variety of yard long bean was BARI borboti-1. The All treatments were replicated three times. The results revealed that nutrient management and auxin significantly affected the plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, number of flowers, number of pods per plant, and pod yield per hectare. In the case of nutrient management, the maximum yield (14.5 t/ha) was observed in the N2 treatment, and the minimum yield (9.61 t/ha) was observed in the N0 treatment. For auxin, the highest yield (12.57 t/ha) was observed from the I2 treatment, and the minimum yield (9.83 t/ha) was observed from the control treatment I0. For the combined effect, the N2I2 treatment combination gave the maximum yield (16.64 t/ha), and the lowest yield (6.37 t/ha) was obtained from the N0I0 combination treatment. So, from the result, it may be concluded that applying 18 kg N/ha, 27 kg P/ha, and 33 kg K/ha with 40 ppm auxin is the best for growth and a higher yield of Yard Long Bean
Farmers' Preferences for Different Brands and the Challenges they have in Finding High-quality Tomato Seeds: A Review
No full textFactors such as farmers' brand preferences for different tomato seeds, their purchasing habits, the shifting practices of name farmers, and the difficulties they face in growing and marketing hybrid tomatoes in the Coimbatore district are all important to understand given the dominance of tomato farming. The primary data required for the study were obtained through in-person interviews using a pre-tested interview method. Secondary data on agriculture and other information related to the research topic were provided by the Tamil Nadu government. After gathering and processing the primary and secondary data, statistical analysis was carried out. The multi-dimensional scaling method was used to gauge the farmers' level of preference. The top four attributes selected by farmers were yield, stress tolerance, ease of availability, and brands from American seed firms such as Syngenta, Rasi, Mahyco, Namdhari, and Indo. The stress endurance of Indo American and Namdhari makes them appealing. In addition to the weak performance of farmers' desired attributes, the irregular execution of promotional campaigns is the cause of the significant fluctuations in the purchase of farmers' unstable brands. Every brand also has a particular USP for things like yield and cob filling (Syngenta), stress resistance (Rasi), quicker germination and early emergence (Mahyco), etc., and how dealers respond to various marketing campaigns seed companies run. Furthermore, there aren't many productivity differences in hybrid seeds, so farmers can choose to utilize several brands
Assessment of Different Nutrient Combination on the Performance of Maize (Zea mays L) in North Indian Plains
No full textA field experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2023 at the Agriculture Research Farm, Graphic Era Hill University, Uttarakhand. Surface soil (0-15 cm) of the experiment field was sandy loam in texture, low organic carbon (0.39%), medium in available nitrogen (157 kg h-1), medium in available phosphorus (15.5 kg ha-1) and medium in available potassium (112.6 kg ha-1) with neutral soil reaction (pH 7.4). The experiment consisted of eleven treatments viz., 100% NPK (T1), 100% N (T2), 100% P (T3), 100% K (T4), 100% NP (T5), 100% NK (T6), 100% PK (T7), 100% NPK + VC 5 t ha -1 (T8), 100% + Azotobactor (T9), 100% + VC 5 t ha -1 + Azotobactor (T10), Control (T11). Each treatment was replicated thrice and constituted total of 33 plots. The field experiment was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD). The variety used for the field experiment was K-55. The results of the field experiment reported that the effect of different treatments was significant on growth and productivity of maize. Significantly higher emergence count m-2 (9 m-2) of maize was obtained with the application of 100% NPK + VC @ 5t ha-1 + Azotobacter (T10). Maximum plant height (102.07 cm, 155.02 cm and 225.87 cm) was observed under treatment 100% NPK + VC @ 5t ha-1 + Azotobacter (T10) at 30, 45 and 60 days of sowing, respectively. It also produced highest dry matter m-2 (556.56 g, 1023.20 g, and 2062.00 g, respectively at 30 DAS, 45 DAS and 60 DAS). Application of vermicompost along with Azotobacter and chemical fertilizer produced maximum number of leaves per plant (4.05, 8.87 and 14.20 at 30 DAS, 45 DAS and 60 DAS, respectively). Application of 100% NPK + VC @ 5t ha-1 + Azotobacter (T10) resulted in significant improvement in yield attributes and yield of maize compared to other treatments. The maximum grain yield (59.93 q ha-1) and straw yield (69.90q ha-1) was produced under 100% NPK + VC @ 5t ha-1 + Azotobacter (T10). Moreover, adoption of different nutrient combinations resulted in improving the economic status of the farmer. Significantly higher B: C ratio of 1.90 was recorded for 100% NPK + VC @ 5t ha -1 + Azotobacter (T10) and it was 14.45 % higher than that for 100 % NPK (T1). Hence, it is concluded that application of 100% NPK + VC 5 t ha -1 + Azotobacter exhibited higher growth and yield along with B: C ratio
Influence of Vermicompost and Biofertilizers on Growth and Yield of Strawberry (Fragaria х ananassa Duch.) cv. Camarosa
No full textThe present investigation was carried out during 2023-2024 to find out the effect of vermicompost and biofertilizers on the growth and yield of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cv. Camarosa at the Horticultural Research Farm of Doon (P.G.) College of Agriculture Science and Technology, Dehradun, Uttarakhand. The growth and yield parameters of strawberry were significantly influenced by different treatments of vermicompost and biofertilizers. The maximum plant height (23.10 cm) and plant spread (24.99 cm) was observed in the treatment T6 [Vermicompost (50%) + Azotobacter (25%) + Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (25%)]. Maximum number of leaves per plant (67.11) and leaf area (96.67 cm2) were observed in the treatment T2 [Vermicompost (75%) + Azotobacter (50%)]. Treatment T6 [Vermicompost (50%) + Azotobacter (25%) + Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (25%)] exhibited superiority in yield attributing characters like number of runners per plant (7.38), fruit size (15.52cm2), fruit weight (21.12 g), fruit volume (5.79 ml), number of fruits per plant (27.99) and yield per plant (569.86 g)