Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research
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Physicochemical Characteristics and Oil Keeping Quality of Two Cultivars of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Seeds
No full textThe work was conducted on sunflower seeds of two cultivars namely ‘Kironi’ and ‘Hysun-46’. Proximate composition of the seeds, chemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of the oils, and its keeping quality at different storage conditions were studied. Moisture content of Kironi seeds was nearly twice than Hysun-46 (8.03 vs 4.46%). Crude fat in Hysun-46 seeds was somewhat higher than Kironi. Kironi had significantly higher crude protein whereas Hysun-46 contained significantly higher percent of starch than Kironi (7.05 vs 3.90%). Physical characteristics of oil such as viscosity, colour and transparency changed with time during storage; specific gravity and smoking temperature, however, remained unchanged. Acid values of the freshly extracted oil from Hysun-46 were unexpectedly high (98.75). Iodine values were found to be higher in Kironi than Hysun-46, so the former had greater proportion of unsaturation. Saponification values of the oils decreased with the time in open vessel, in amber coloured bottle at 4°C and also in boiled oil kept at room temperature. However, these values registered an increase in oils stored in closed vessel and amber coloured bottle at room temperature. Peroxide values increased in oils under all conditions except in amber bottle at 4°C. The ratio of linoleic acid to oleic acid in Kironi (2.3:1) was higher than that in Hysun-46 (1.9:1), indicating that Kironi had more semidrying capacity and suitable for edible purpose. The freshly extracted oil had attractive appearance. Between the two oil samples, Kironi seems somewhat superior to Hysun-46
Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broilers Fed Diets Containing Various Duration of Water Soaked Sweet Orange Peels
No full textAn experiment was conducted with one hundred and eighty (180) unsexed day old broiler chicks of Arbor acre strain to investigate the effect of feeding diets supplemented with water soaked sweet orange peel meal (SOP) on the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicken. The broiler chickens were randomly distributed into six (6) dietary treatments of 30 birds per treatment which were further distributed into three (3) replicates of 10 birds per replicate from day old, in a completely randomized design. Six dietary treatments were formulated such that, T1 which is control was maize based. In diets 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, sweet orange peels replaced maize at various duration of water soaked, 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours respectively and incorporated at 30% inclusion. Data were collected on feed intake and weekly weight gain. Six (6) birds were randomly selected per treatment starved over night, weighed and sacrificed by cervical dislocation for carcass analysis. Result reveals significant (p<0.05) difference in daily feed intake, there was no significant (p>0.05) difference on final weight and daily weight gain. The result of carcass characteristics showed no significant (p>0.05) difference in carcass cut and internal organs. It can be concluded that supplementing broiler diets with water soaked sweet orange peels had no detrimental effects on the performance and carcass characteristics
Effects of Inorganic Fertilizer Application on Early Growth of Vitellaria paradoxa C. F. Gaertn
No full textDeclining soil fertility is a main reason for the slow growth in food production in Africa. However, the practices of incorporating fertilizers could potentially improve soil fertility and productivity. This experiment was carried out to determine the efficacy of inorganic fertilizer on the early growth performance of Vitellaria paradoxa under a greenhouse condition set up at the Department of Forestry Technology, Federal College of Forestry Ibadan, located within the Government Reserve Area (GRA) Jericho Ibadan. The treatments included two fertilizer types, (Urea and NPK 15:15:15) at different concentration levels which were; Urea at three (3) levels; 50 mg kg1, 100 mg kg1and 150 mg kg1: NPK (15:15:15) at three levels; 50 mg kg1, 100 mg kg1 and 150 mg kg1, combination of Urea + NPK and Control (no application). The results showed that application of inorganic fertilizer at any rate produced higher growth in plant height and collar diameter than the control experiment. Application of different rates of fertilizer on leaf production was comparable with the control experiment. Though, there was no appreciable variation in all fertilizer rates, the highest value was obtained with the combination of NPK and urea at 150/100 mg kg1 for plant height, leaf production and leaf area while the application of NPK/Urea: 150/150 mg kg1 produced the highest collar diameter. From this study, nutrient supply from NPK and Urea could help enhance the growth performance of Vitellaria paradoxa seedlings and help improve the mass propagation of target species in the nursery. Further studies are recommended to validate the optimum fertilizer requirements of the plant species
Effect of Planting Date on the Performance of High Yield Potential Varieties of Rice in Bangladesh
No full textThe experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh to investigate the effect of planting dates on the performance of high yield potential varies of rice in Boro season. The experiment consisted of five dates of transplanting viz. 10 and 25 December 2015, 10 and 25 January and 10 February 2016: four high yield potential varieties viz. hybrid rice Sonar Bangla-1, Jagoran, BRRI Dhan-29 and BINA Dhan-6. Results indicated that there was a significant effect of date of transplanting on yield of potential varieties of rice in Boro season. It was observed that plant height, panicle length, grain yield, straw yield, number of tillers per hill-1 gradually increased up to 10 January. After 10 January transplanting yield reduced. The highest grain yield 6.41 t ha-1 was observed in hybrid rice Sonar Bangla-1. The result revealed that Sonar Bangla-1 emerged as the best variety in Boro season regarding grain and straw yields among the varieties studied and it should preferably be transplanted between 25 December to 10 January to obtain appreciable better yield
Dynamics of CO2 Evolution during Bioremediation of Clayey and Sandy Soils Contaminated with Used Lubricating Oil
No full textThe aim of the study was to evaluate the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in two Brazilian contaminated soil types (clayey S1 and sandy S2) at a loading rate of 30,000 and 45,000 mg/kg. A model soil of 300 g with used lubricating oil was amended with commercially available hydrocarbon degrading microbial consortium: Amnite p1300 as the bioaugmentation (T1), other treatments consist of nutrients amendments - (NH4)2SO4 and K2HPO4 (NPK) as biostimulation (T2), unammended soil - natural attenuation as (T3) and the control soil treated with sodium azide (NaN3) as (T4) were evaluated on the microbial community and the degradation of used lubricating oil. Three microcosm replicated flasks per treatment were incubated, and the performance of each treatment was examined by monitoring CO2 evolution, microbial activity, and oil degradation rate. In Soil 1, T1 produced the highest values of CO2 of (1600.20 mg/kg) and (1347.60 mg/kg) while the least values were recorded in the control (T4) with 89.52 and 102 mg/kg in oil contaminated with 3 and 4.5 % respectively. A similar trend was obtained in the bioaugmented treatment soil (S2) with the highest CO2 production in T1. The best percentage oil degradation was also recorded where the utmost CO2 production was obtained
Projection of Paddy Production in Kedah Malaysia: A Case Study
No full textRice is a staple food for Malaysian. Malaysian paddy farmers contributed up to 70% of the country’s needs. However, climate change impact to the agriculture activities. The aim of this study is to forecast the paddy production for four years in Kedah, Malaysia. Naïve forecasting method was used in this study. The forecasted results for the paddy production values from 2013 to 2016 are considered in this study. The finding shows that the decrease of paddy production in the year of 2013 but the paddy production increased from year 2014 until 2016. Overall, this research work forecasted gradual increments for the projection of four years rice’s production in Kedah
Effect of Triple Super Phosphate on the Growth and Yield of Boro Rice in Haor Areas of Sunamganj District in Bangladesh
No full textA field experiment was conducted at Bilpar village of Sunamganj district in Bangladesh during November 2016 to May 2017 to find out the effects of Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) fertilizer on the growth and yield of boro rice in haor areas. Two factors viz. varieties (BRRI dhan29 and BRRI dhan58) and six TSP fertilizer levels [F1- 85 kg TSP ha-1 (Farmers’ practice), F2- 142 kg TSP ha-1, F3- 127 kg TSP ha-1, F4- 112 kg TSP ha-1 (BARC recommended dose), F5- 97 kg TSP ha-1, F6- 82 kg TSP ha-1] were included in the experiment. The experiment was conducted in the farmers’ field and laid out in a RCBD with three replications. Data were taken on plant height and tillers hill-1 at 15 days intervals. The yield and yield contributing parameters were also taken at harvest. Plant height, number of total tillers, effective tillers hill-1, panicle length, sterile spikelets, 1000 grain weight, grain and straw yield varied significantly due to variety. BRRI dhan58 produced higher number of effective tillers (10.60) and grains panicle-1 (136.9) over BRRI dhan29. BRRI dhan58 produced higher grain yield (8.92 t ha-1) compared to BRRI dhan29 (7.27 t ha-1). All the studied parameters differed significantly with the application of TSP fertilizer except non-effective tillers hill-1. Application of 112 kg TSP ha-1 produced the highest number of effective tillers hill-1 (12.00) and the lowest in farmers practice (7.20). Fertilizer Recommendation Guide based TSP fertilizer (112 kg ha-1) produced the highest grain yield (8.80 t ha-1) of boro rice and the lowest grain yield (7.40 t ha-1) in farmers’ practice. Results of the study elucidated that TSP application at 112 kg ha-1 was effective to improve the rice productivity
A Procedure for Agrobacterium tumefaciens Mediated Genetic Transformation of Sweet Potato
No full textMany sweet potato plants have been successfully transformed but the transgenic plants regenerated, however, have been limited to a few genotypes. Reported in this paper is a procedure in which several explants of three sweet potato genotypes from Papua New Guinea (PNG) were used to transform and regenerate transgenic plants. To achieve stable transformation, an efficient shoot regeneration system for different explants was developed. The shoot regeneration protocol developed enabled for a reproducible stable transformation mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain 1065. The plasmid pVDH65 contains the npt II gene for kanamycin (km) resistance, hpt gene for hygromycin resistance and Gus-intron reporter gene (GUS) for β-glucuronidase. Explants inoculated with the bacterial strain were co-cultured for 3, 5 and 7 days (d) in the dark on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium without growth hormones. After co-cultivation, the explants were washed in liquid MS medium containing 500 mg L-1 cefotaxime, rinsed in sterile, deionised water for 10 mins and cultured on km selection medium containing 100 mg L-1 km followed by transfer of explants to 125 mg L-1 km after 14 d of culture. The km-resistant shoots selected on the former km concentration were transferred to the latter for double selection. Km-resistant shoots obtained at 125 mg L-1 were rooted on MS based medium also containing 0.008 mg L-1 IAA, 0.03 mg L-1 kinetin and 0.001 mg L-1 folic acid. This double selection method led to effective elimination of escapes (up to 75%) and successful recovery of transgenic plants from stem explants at more than 25%, leaf discs 10% and petioles 13.3% of each sweet potato cultivar. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the three km-resistant and GUS-positive plants revealed the presence of the expected fragment for npt II. This is the first report of successfully transforming sweet potato plants with bacterial strain 1065 and selection of transgenic plants at km concentrations higher than 100 mg L-1
Effect of Rural-Urban Migration on Food Security of Rural Households in Kwande Local Government Area of Benue State
No full textThis study investigated the effect of rural-urban migration on food security of rural households in Kwande local government area of Benue State, Nigeria. Using multistage sampling technique and a semi-structured questionnaire as instrument, data for the study was collected from a sample of three hundred and eighty four (389) rural dwellers in the state. The study revealed the major causes and determined the effect of rural-urban migration of the food security of Kwande local government area and suggested measures to reduce the rate of rural-urban migration. Given that the F- statistics of 98.094 is significant at 1% level of significance, it implies that the computed F- value was higher than the F-tabulated value of (1.94) at 5% level of significance and (2.51) at 1% level of significance. Therefore, and the alternative hypothesis which states that factors such as search for job, quest for skill acquisition, search foe better education, quest for marriage, insecurity, social amenities, and natural disasters are the determining factors of rural urban migration was accepted. Therefore, the study concluded that reduction rural-urban migration and improvement in food security are dependent on these factors. Based on the effects of rural-urban migration, it was recommended that government/policy makers come up with policies that would lead to increased rural development and farm mechanization
Farmers Attitude towards Organic Farming: A Case Study in Chapainawabganj District
No full textThe main purpose of the study was to evaluate farmers socio-economic status, attitude and relationship among them towards organic farming. The study was conducted in five upazilas of Chapainawabganj district in Bangladesh. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 40 respondents. Attitude of respondents toward organic farming was measured with twenty statements using five point likert type scales. To explore the relationship between the concerned variables correlation coefficient (r) was computed. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the variables. Majority of the respondents were male (90%), average age was 44 years. 45% respondents were illiterate, had average 4 years of farming experience. Majority of the respondents (80%) had positive attitude towards organic farming. Relatives and Extension Agents were found as the main information source of organic farming for most of the respondents. Cosmopoliteness and Extension contact had positive and significant relationship with their attitude (.461 and .377 respectively). It was concluded that farmers were knowledgeable about organic farming and also had favourable attitude toward its practices. Efforts should therefore be made to promote and increase the practice of organic farming. By promoting organic farming practice, farm income is increased than conventional farming