Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research
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Effect of Explant Age and Applied IBA on Growth and Rooting of Apical Stem Cuttings of Potato for Early Generation Seed Potato Production
No full textThe aim of this work is to study the effect of explant age and exogenously applied IBA on the growth and rooting potential of potato apical stem cuttings for production of first- generation seed potatoes. The experimental protocol consists in taking apical stem cuttings from potato plantlets at different physiological ages (30 and 60 days old) in interaction with the growth regulator indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at different concentrations (100, 200, and 300 ppm) to study the production of potato minitubers. The results of the present study showed that mini-cuttings from young potato plants (30 days old) have a higher rooting capacity than mini-cuttings from mature plants. In addition, IBA concentrations, especially at 300 ppm, have a significant effect on most of the characteristics studied, e.g. rooting %, root number, root length, shoot length, and number of leaves. Regarding yield attributes, application of IBA at 300ppm gave the highest average tuber number (6.66) and tuber yield (142.97g) was higher in 30days old explant cuttings. The data presented in this study may encourage potato growers to use potato stem cuttings as a new, cheaper method of growing potatoes instead of expensive imported seed tubers. It is suggested that the use of apical stem cuttings can be a quick and effective method for mass propagation and to increase the yield of minitubers in the seed potato production cycle
Investigating the Impact of Planting Delay on the Performance of Cluster Traits and the Prevalence of Wheat Yellow Rust in the Climatic Conditions of Northern Khuzestan Province (Iran)
No full textYellow rust disease is one of the important fungal diseases in wheat in the north of Khuzestan province. This research aims to investigate the effect of planting date on the amount of damage caused by wheat yellow rust disease on yield, yield components and agronomic traits of wheat cultivars in the climatic conditions of North Khuzestan (Iran) in the form of a split plot design in the form of randomized complete blocks with 3 replications. Crop year 2010-2011 was implemented. In this plan, planting dates were considered as main plots and cultivars as sub-plots. The results showed that the delay in planting is due to early placement in the growth period of winter rainfall as one of the most important factors in growth. This situation leads to a 25% increase in plants infected with this disease. All traits such as non-seed weight and number of seeds in the hollow of the cluster decreased and other traits (performance, seeds per cluster and length of the cluster) decreased. It is hoped that an effective step will be taken in controlling and reducing damage with resistant cultivars in order to properly manage them, especially at the beginning of the autumn rains. According to the obtained results, the need to breed and improve more resistant cultivars, as well as to use more efficient agricultural management, is clearly felt
Popularization of Medium Maturing Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato (OFSP) Variety (Alamura) and on Farm Evaluation of Its Root Yield Performance at Halaba Zone, Weira District, SNNPR, Ethiopia
No full textOrange-fleshed sweet potatoes are one of the most important root crops for their high -carotene content, which protects against vitamin A deficiency. But in the most rural areas of the country, there is a serious health problem related to vitamin A deficiency. The associated causes of inadequate intake and production of this crop are lower adoption, weak extension support, and inaccessibility of improved varieties. For that, demonstration of a recent variety of sweet potato is a necessary action. Hence, it improves the adoption rate, creates awareness, and contributes to food and nutritional security. Accordingly, two farmer training centers and ten farmers were purposely selected to conduct the demonstration. The variety "Kulfo" was used for the experiment by using a 10m x 20m plot size for each variety. Evaluations were conducted during the mid-maturity stage, through the field day, and field visits with concerned stakeholders, beneficiaries, and surrounding farmers. Based on the result, the yield of the new variety and the standard check are 22.5 tons/ha and 10.5 tons/ha, respectively. The result shows that the yield of the improved variety has a 114.3 percent yield advantage compared to the standard check. In addition, the result of cost-benefit analysis reveals that the new variety has 65250.1 Ethiopian Birr more return than the standard check and is ranked by farmers by its disease resistance, taste, and productivity. Therefore, the new variety is recommended for further scale up in the Halaba zone and other similar agro-ecologies, and agricultural extension personnel will be encouraged to facilitate communication among farmers-researchers and vein multiple cooperatives
Impact of Pre-anthesis Salt Stress on Biochemical and Yield Related Traits in Salt Sensitive and Salt Tolerant Genotypes of Triticum aestivum L.
No full textSalinity stress negatively affects the growth and development of wheat leading to diminished grain yield and quality. Salt stress during the reproductive stage is one of the significant factors leading to the drastic reduction in grain yield. The objective of this study was to investigate the biochemical responses of pre-anthesis stage salt stress and yield-related traits in the KRL1-4 salt tolerant and UP2338 salt-sensitive cultivar of wheat. Three different levels of salinity stress (100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl) were induced. Untreated plants were kept in control. Samples were analyzed at pre- anthesis stage (50 DAS and 60 DAS) for various biochemical parameters viz., proline content, total reducing sugar content, total nitrogen content and total protein content. Yield-related traits harvest index, tiller numbers per plant, spike height and spike weight were recorded at the maturity stage. The amount of proline and reducing sugar increased with increasing salinity, the increase being more tolerant than in sensitive cultivar. Total nitrogen and total protein content, however, decreased with increasing salt concentration and reduction being more sensitive than in tolerant cultivar. Yield attributes were affected negatively. The effect was more pronounced in sensitive cultivars compared to tolerant ones
Impact of Credit on Production Efficiency: Evidence from Cassava Smallholders Farmers in Southwest, Nigeria
No full textAims: This study evaluates credit impact on production efficiency of cassava farmers in southwest Nigeria.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in South West Nigeria, between June 2019 and July 2021.
Methodology: Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 210 small holder cassava farmers for the study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on respondents’ socio-economic characteristics, production efficiency and the efficiency distribution of cassava farmers.
Results: Results show that the mean technical, allocative and economic efficiencies were (\0.55,0.91\), and (\0.50\) respectively. Results of Stochastic production frontier show farm size (\gamma=0.664, p<0.01 ), labour ( (\\gamma\) (\=0.183, \mathrm{p} \leq 0.01)\) and quantity of stem cutting ( increased cassava output, while sex ( (\=0.797, \mathrm{p}<0.01)\), marital status (\delta=0.600, \mathrm{p}<0.05), level of education (, number of extension contacts (\delta=0.624, \mathrm{p}<0.05) and credit (\delta=0.000004, \mathrm{p}<0.05) significantly influenced efficiency among cassava farmers. Also, result of Maximum likelihood estimates of cost function shows rent on land (\omega=0.455, p<0.01), price of fertilizer (\omega=0.078, p<0.01) and price of herbicide , (\p<0.01\) ) had positive influence on total cost incurred on cassava production while marital status ( (\0.600, p<0.05)\) and credit (\delta=0.000004, p<0.05) significantly influenced efficiency among cassava farmers
Response of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Plants to Vermi Tea as Organic Fertilizer Supplementation
No full textAims: To determine the performance of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as applied with vermi tea as organic fertilizer
Study design: The experimental design was a completely randomized block design.
Place and Duration of Study: Southern Philippines Agribusiness and Marine and Aquatic School of Technology (SPAMAST) Institute of Agricultural Technology and Entrepreneurial Studies (IATES) Buhangin, Malita, Davao Occidental from October 2019 to January 2020.
Methodology: Randomized Complete Block Design with five treatments and replicated three times as follows: Treatment 1 (Control), Treatment 2 (150 ml of vermin-tea/liter of water), Treatment 3 (200 ml of vermin-tea/liter of water), Treatment 4 (250 ml of vermin-tea/liter of water) and Treatment 5 (300 ml of vermin-tea/liter of water).
Results: Results showed that there was a significant effect of vermi tea as organic fertilizer application of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in terms of weight of fruits harvested while there was no significant effect on the number of days to emergence, number of flowers per plant, length of fruits, the diameter of fruits, and number of fruits harvested was no significant effect.
Conclusion: Based on the results, the application of vermi tea as organic fertilizer gives the best result only on the weight of fruit harvested where vermi tea as a source of Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and potassium has helped to develop cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) fruits
Variation in Body Weight and Biometric Traits of Exotic (Nicholas White) and Nigerian Locally Adapted Turkeys Reared in Humid Tropics
No full textThe performance of animal in a given environment differs between and within species, breeds and strains and genotypes, as a result of genetic variation. A total of 200 turkeys comprising 50 exotic (Nicholas white) and 50 each of Nigerian locally adapted turkeys (black, white and lavender) was used to investigate genetic variation in body weight and some biometric traits of exotic turkey and Nigerian locally adapted turkey at the Turkey Breeding unit of the Teaching and Research Farm of Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma Edo State, Nigeria. The growth performance of the experimental birds was recorded biweekly throughout the period of the experiment. Genotype had significant effect (p<0.05) on body weight in all the weeks with exotic turkey consistently having higher (p<0.05) body weight throughout the experiment. The black plumage colour turkey performed better in body weight than the other two plumage colours of Nigerian locally adapted turkeys but was not significant (p>0.05). Similarly, exotic turkey has the highest (p<0.05) body length, body height, wing length, wing span and thigh length in most of the weeks of the experiment. Among the Nigerian locally adapted turkeys, black plumage turkey performed better (p<0.05) in most of the measured biometric traits than white and lavender plumage colour turkeys. The exotic turkey with higher body weight and biometric traits can be used to upgrade Nigerian locally adapted turkeys to obtain tropically adapted broiler turkey breed and also selection preferential should be given local black turkey for genetic improvement
Effect of Crop Rotation on Profitability of Paddy Production in Odisha: An Empirical Analysis
No full textThe returns from crop cultivation are essential not only for the survival of farmers but also to facilitate reinvestment in agriculture. An attempt has been made to evaluate profitability in paddy production with respect to crop rotation. Primary data from 455 farmers through a multistage purposive sampling technique were used in the study. Descriptive statistics and independent sample t-test were used in the study. The study found that profitability in paddy production varies at moderate level with respect to crop rotation. In total farmers were getting anet profit of 5324 rupees per acre. But per acre profit of paddy varies significantly considering point of product sold by farmers and share cropping characteristics of the farmer. On average farmer selling paddy at mandi were getting 11388 rupees of profit per acre while farmer selling at local markets were getting per acre 3103 rupees of profit
Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis in Hybrid Maize (Zea mays L.)
No full textThe goal of the current investigation was to determine correlation coefficient, path analysis and genetic variability among twenty four maize hybrids for ten characters in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications at the research field of Plant Breeding Division, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Barisal, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Bangladesh during rabi season of 2014-15.
The measured traits were Days to 50% tasseling (DT), days to 50% silking (DS), anthesis silking interval (ASI), plant height (PH), ear height (EH), days to maturity (DM), cob length (CL), cob diameter (CD), thousand seed weight (TSW) and yield(yield t/ha). Here yield was considered as dependent variable and the rest of the parameters were independent variable. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and mean values were compared by DMRT test at both 5% and 1% of probability. Positive and significant genotypic, phenotypic correlation coefficient were recorded for yield with cob diameter (rg=0.75**, rp=0.61**), cob length (rg=0.66**and rp=0.42**), plant height (rg=0.62**and rp=0.55**), ear height (rg=0.66**and rp=0.55**) and thousand seed weight (rg=0.36**and rp=0.44**). High genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was obtained from anthesis silking interval (17.26), yield (15.17), ear height (13.80) and thousand seed weight (9.43). The highest phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were observed in anthesis silking interval (26.49) followed by yield (20.51), ear height (16.19) and the lowest in days to maturity (0.70). The difference between GCV and PCV of yield indicated that the characters had some environmental influence. The highest heritability was observed for plant height (73.78) followed by ear height (72.67), thousand seed weight (59.52) and days to maturity (55.97) but the lowest heritability identified for days to silking (18.98). The characters with higher values of GCV and heritability of the aforementioned traits were indicative for selection. The plant height had the highest positive direct effect (1.34) on yield followed by days to silking (0.75), cob diameter CD (0.46) and thousand seed weight (0.41), days to maturity (0.21) and cob length (0.20) indicating the effectiveness of direct selection. Direct negative effect on yield was shown by ear height (-1.03), days to tasseling (-0.52) and anthesis silking interval (-0.50) was indicating the effectiveness of indirect selection
Effect of Alkaloids Extracted from Local Lupine Plant on Growth and Yield in Pepper
No full textOne of the most important modern strategies to increase agricultural productivity is the recycling of wastes rich in important components that stimulate different physiological and biological activities in plants. Alkaloids removed from bitter lupine (Lupinus termis L.) seeds may be a good alternative natural source of industrial chemicals and may encourage plant growth and productivity as the recent global trend "aims to use natural materials to preserve the environment and avoid side effects. Due to the increased demand of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) for its nutritional content and high acceptance, the study goal is to improve the growth and productivity of the locally produced pepper crop by using active biological substances such as alkaloids (free of carbohydrates) extracted from bitter lupine. Bitter lupine seeds were used to extract the alkaloids free of sugar, which were subsequently dried at a temperature no higher than 50 °C. Alkaloids extract was added to each plant at concentrations (0, 500, 100, 1000, 2000) mg dw/200 ml water and its effect on vegetative evolution, output, and quality of fruit cultivar Rumi Suez were evaluated. The experiment was conducted under greenhouses in the Agricultural Research Center/Ismailia Station during the winter agricultural seasons 2019/2020 in sandy soil using three replications, Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) and the differences among the means were tested according to Duncan's test at p≤0.05. The results showed a considerable increment in the vegetative development indicators, including plant height, main branches number, leaf area, leaves number, wet and dried weight of leaves and stems and leaves chlorophyll levels, in addition to productivity yield per plant, total yield, vitamin C, and phenols when treated with alkaloids extracted. It was found that the mean number of fruits, yield per plant, total yield, vitamin C content, phenols, and fruit quality increased with increasing concentrations of alkaloids used. In order to achieve the highest production and quality of pepper fruits, it is recommended to add alkaloids extracted from bitter lupine seeds, free of sugars, at a concentration of 2000 mg for each plant, dissolved in an appropriate amount of water around the plant once after two weeks of planting and then repeating it a month after planting