Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research
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Effects of Vermicompost and Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Sesame
No full textA field experiment was conducted at the BINA substation farm, Ishwardi, Pabna during 2021- 2022 to see the combined effects of vermicompost and inorganic fertilizer (Urea, TSP, MoP, gypsum, zinc and boron) on sesame growth and yield. Five treatments combination were used in the experiment. The treatments were T1=Native soil fertility (No fertilizer and manure), T2=100% Chemical Fertilizers (CF), T3= Vermicompost (VC) @ 5 ton/ha, T4=50% CF + 2.5 ton/ha VC, T5=70%CF + 1.5 ton/ha VC. Yield and yield contributing characters of sesame were significantly influenced with the different treatments. The treatment T4 (50% CF + 2.5 tha-1 VC) gave the highest seed yield of sesame. The results indicated that treatment T4 enhanced more crop growth which influenced on greater seed yield of sesame. The lowest seed yield was recorded at T1 treatment. However, considering maximum yields the treatments T4 could be used for more production of sesame with less use of chemical fertilizers
Effects of Zaï Pit Depth on Morphological Traits, Yield Components and Yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) in Burkina Faso
No full textCowpea is the leading food legume for many households in arid and semi-arid regions of Sub-Saharan Africa. The erratic rainfall leads to decrease in cowpea yield. The Zaï pit technology is an ancestral agricultural technique used for water and fertilizer management in crops production increasing productivity. A study was carried out in Burkina Faso during 2020 and 2021 dry season at Kamboinsin and at Kouare with for objective of evaluating the effects of Zaï depth on cowpea yield and yield components. Treatments consisted of the use of three Zaï depths (control (tillage); 15 cm; 25 cm) and four cowpea varieties. The experimental design used was a split-plot replicated three times. Yield and yield components data were collected and subjected to an analysis of variance using JMP Pro 10 software. The results showed that for all the studied varieties, all the yield components and yields average values increased with the Zaï pit depth. Zaï of 25 cm and 15 cm depth increased cowpea grain yield of more than 87% and 50% respectively compared to the control (tillage). Twenty-five-centimetre Zaï depth substantially enhances cowpea agronomical performances and is recommendable for cowpea production in drought prone regions or of low rainfall
Response of Cotton Genotypes to Water-deficit Stress using Drought Tolerance Indices and Principal Component Analysis
No full textDrought impacts on cotton cultivation and production are expected to worsen as a result of global warming and water-deficit stress. Drought tolerance indices and PCA analysis were used to evaluate drought stress responses in eleven cotton genotypes and fifteen indices' ability to identify drought-tolerant genotypes under normal and drought circumstances. Seed cotton yield (Kentar feddan-1) was significantly affected by genotypes, years, and their interaction (p ≤ 0.05 or 0.01) under normal and water-deficit stress conditions, according to a combined ANOVA. Except for error variance, all genetic parameters studied for seed cotton yield were higher in normal irrigation conditions than in water-deficit stress conditions. According to PCA analysis, The STI, MP, GMP, HM, ATI, SSPI, and TOL are suitable indicators and were similar in their ability to screen, rank and detect tolerant genotypes, due to positive correlations among each other and also the highest association with seed cotton yield in both irrigation conditions. The genotypes G4, G9, and G10 (Group A) seemed to be the most drought-tolerant and cotton productive based on mean performance, GxY heatmap analysis, drought tolerance indices, and PCA analysis. The results of our study's drought tolerance indices and PCA could be useful and appropriate for studying drought tolerance mechanisms and cotton yield improvement in Egypt
Lime and Vermicompost Application to Acid Soils and Their Effects on Maize Yield and Yield Components in Lalo Asabi District, West Wollega Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
No full textSoil acidity is one of the major yield-limiting factors for crop production worldwide, particularly on highly weathered and leached tropical soils. Different reports have indicated that there is significant soil acidity coverage in Ethiopia. In particularly, in the western part of the country, soil acidity is a well-known problem limiting crop production and productivity. As part of the solution to such a problem in soils, the combined application of lime and VC on maize has not been investigated in the area, in which maize was one of the potential cereal crops in the area. A field experiment was conducted at Lalo Asabi district in western Wollega during the 2020 cropping season to evaluate the responses of maize to the combined application of lime and vermicompost (VC). The experimental treatments were five rates of lime (CaCO3) (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of lime requirement (LR)) and three levels of vermicompost (0, 2.5, and 5 t ha-1). The treatments were arranged in factorial combinations in a randomized complete block design with three replications. One composite surface soil samples from a depth of (0-15 cm) was collected from the experimental field before the commencement of the experiment. Maize yield and yield components were measured following standard procedures. The yield components and yield results revealed the main effects of lime and VC showed a significant effect (p<0.05) on the number of days to 50% tasseling and silking, ear height, number of cobs per plant, number of grains per cob, thousand grain weight, above ground biomass, and harvest index of maize. However, days to 90% physiological maturity, plant height, cob length and grain yield of maize were significantly affected (p<0.05) by lime and VC interactions. Even though both were statistically equal, the combined application of lime at 100% LR + 5 t VC ha-1 yielded the highest grain yield (7.99 t ha-1) followed by the combined application of lime at 75% LR + 2.5 t VC ha-1 whereas the lowest grain yield (2.97 t ha-1) from control plots. The results of economic analysis indicated that the combination of lime at 75% LR + 2.5 t VC ha-1 showed a marginal rate of return of 2322.74%, with the highest net benefit of 49980 Ethiopian Birr compared to other treatments. This study indicates combined use of lime and VC could ameliorate the adverse effect of soil acidity, and application of 75% LR + 2.5 t VC ha1 enhances grain yield and produces the highest net benefit of maize grown on acidic soil of the Lalo Asabi district
Effects of Tillage Depth and Tractor Speed on Implement Speed for Three Tillage Implements on a Clay Loam Soil
No full textThe utilization of agricultural machinery represents the main aspect contributing to the total energy input in the agricultural system. The trials were achieved using five tractor speeds(3.6, 5.4, 7.2, 9.0 and 10.8 km/hr) and five tillage depths(10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 cm) to determine implement speed at different tillage depths for 3-bottom disc plough, spring tine cultivator and offset disc harrow on a clay loam soil. The design of the experiment used were two factors, five levels factorial of Central Composite Rotatable Design of Response Surface Method. The implement speed for 3-bottom disc plough, spring tine cultivator and offset disc harrow ranged from 0.78 to 1.95, 0.67 to 2.19 and 0.70 to 2.11 m/s, respectively. The effects of tillage depths and tractor speeds on implement speed for the three tillage implements were assessed. The results indicated that increasing the tillage depth decreased the implement speed for all the tested implements but increasing the tractor speed increased the implement speed. The tractor speed had more pronounced effect on the implement speed than the tillage depth. This study therefore recommends that the availability of time and implement width should be used in determining the speed required to finish the work on time
Optimization Chicken Meatball Using Red Lentil Flour (Lens culinaris L.) as Filler
No full textAims: The aim of the study was to determine the quality of chicken meatballs added with red lentil flour based on physicochemical quality, organoleptic quality, and microstructure. Sample: chicken meatballs using red lentil flour.
Methodology: Laboratory experiment using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The data were tabulated using Microsoft Excel, and the standard deviation (SD) was taken, then an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed. If different, proceed with the DMRT (Duncan's Multiple Range Test). Research at the Laboratory of Animal Product Technology Faculty of Animal Science, the Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety Testing Faculty of Agricultural Product Technology, the Universitas Brawijaya Malang, and the Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta. February 2023. Research with four treatments consisting of without the addition of red lentil flour and the addition of red lentil flour 3%, 6%, and 9%. 5 replications.
Results: Chicken meatballs added with red lentil flour fiber are the best chicken meatballs by producing chicken meatballs with fiber content and have a color that is not pale. The best treatment for chicken meatballs has a fat content of 9.18%, ash content of 2.68%, fiber content of 0.84%, pH 6.26, organoleptic (color 3.68) (taste 2.98) (texture 3.43), and microstructures of chicken meatballs have different shapes and dense.
Conclusion: The best chicken meatballs are found by adding 9% red lentil flour (Lens culinaris L.) to produce, healthy chicken meatballs that contain fiber and have attractive colors. The best product assessment is based on meatball standards in Indonesia and can be accepted by consumers
Economic Analysis of the Coffee Market in Rwanda
No full textCoffee contributes significantly to the economy of Rwanda as a major export product and the livelihood of thousands of Rwandans. As such, the government of Rwanda has taken great strides to develop the coffee production sector particularly in developing infrastructure impacted by the genocide and implementing policies to ensure sustainable growth. This study aimed to give an economic analysis of the coffee market in Rwanda. It examined the factors affecting the coffee market and identified the major in the market globally and regionally and used them as a benchmark for comparison. The study showed various measures being taken to increase the quantity of coffee produced including increasing the area of harvested coffee following a drop in area from a high of 55 000 hectares in 2014 to 21 700 hectares in 2019. Rwanda’s National Agricultural Export Board implemented measures to improve yields and production quality through providing fertilizers, improving management of wash stations and engaging private stakeholders and NGOs to train farmers in smart agriculture techniques. Consequentially the quantity of coffee produced and exported improved between 2014 and 2019
Negative Influence of Johnson Grass (Sorghum halepense L) on Yield of Crops Along with the Strategies to Suppress its Growth with Chemical and Other Management Approaches – A Review
No full textJohnson grass is on the most deleterious, tenacious, threatening and pervasive weed and is found almost in complete globe except Antarctica. It is ranked in top ten worst weeds of all time. The main regions of its growth and spread are USA and Europe. The average height of Johnson grass lies between 3ft-10ft which is enough for survival and causing destruction to plants of main crop. It is narrow leafed weed belonging to family of sorghum which belong to Poaceae family. It has deep rooted system containing thick and fleshy rhizomes which are the main reason for its spread. These rhizomes have the ability to extend up to 80m. In this present review, information is gathered about the ecology and biology of Johnson grass along with its economic impact on crops and its control measures through different chemicals and management practices. The main focus of review was on growth mechanism and most importantly on its control of Johnson grass. From this whole discussion we have concluded that use of chemical herbicides is most effective in controlling its spread. Application of glyphosate and asulam as chemicals proved to be best in performance and in management practices or non-chemical methods black plastic sheet and soil solarization are well adopted conducts to suppress its growth to large extent. Along with that combination of chemicals and non-chemical practices would be recommended as they not only diminishes the growth of Johnson grass but also enhances the crop productivity
Chemical-Induced Dormancy Breaking of Freshly Harvested Potato Minitubers and Its Effect on Subsequent Growth and Yield
No full textTuber dormancy is an important phenomenon in potato seed production cycle and its duration can positively affect the number of crops and crop performance during the seed production. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different factors which include potato genotypes (Roko and SM kaghan varieties), chemical treatments i.e GA3, thiourea, Thiourea+GA3 and sugar under light and dark storage conditions. It was found that between varieties, Roko responded better than SM kaghan to various chemical treatments regarding number of days to dormancy breaking. It was found that the growth hormone GA3 (gibberellic acid) in combination with thiourea can significantly increase sprouting percentage to 100% under dark conditions after 31 days of application. However, it was observed that after planting of the treated tubers the emergence percentage, and minituber yield did not show any significant effect of the three experimental treatments in comparison with control. It is therefore concluded that tuber treatment with thiourea+GA3 and store in dark can decrease the dormancy duration without having any negative effect on plant physiological growth and tuber yield
Efficacy of Abiotic Factors on Population Dynamics of Fruit Fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) Larva and Pupa
No full textThe fruit fly B. dorsalis is a serious fruit and vegetable pest in South-East Asia. It causes 25-100% loss of horticultural crops by laying eggs under the skin of mangoes, peaches, guava, apricots and figs. Abiotic factors are ecological factors including temperature, humidity, and rainfall. These factors adversely affect the population dynamics of fruit fly larvae and pupae. Plants were randomly selected and installed with methyleugenol pheromone traps to study the population dynamics of Bactrocera dorsalis and correlate with abiotic factors. The fruits that had fallen were retrieved after a gap of 7-8 days. The contaminated fruit samples were exposed in the lab after a 9-10 days incubation period, and the larvae were counted. To ascertain the relationship between the larval and pupal populations of fruit flies in citrus, the one-way ANOVA technique was used. Bactrocera dorsalis larvae and pupae populations were the greatest at high temperatures and low humidity