Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research
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Identification of High-Yielding Landraces and Hybrids of Maize (Zea mays L.) and the Heritability of Yield-Related Traits in Ghana
No full textA field research was undertaken at the research site of the Mampong campus of the University of Education, Winneba, Ghana to evaluate the parents and progenies of seven maize varieties. The main objective of the study was to identify high-yielding landraces and hybrids of maize and the heritability of yield-related traits using diallel analysis. The seven maize varieties (parents) used were: Aburopa, Aburonenkatie, Aburohoma, Kamaazie red, Kamaazie yellow, Kamaazie light red and Obaatampa. These varieties were crossed using the complete diallel design to generate 49 progenies. The progenies and their parents were evaluated using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. In general, Obaatampa and Kamaazie red performed best for the yield and traits. General Combining Abilities (GCA) and Specific Combining Abilities (SCA) were significant for yield and yield related traits suggesting the importance of both additive and non-additive genes in their inheritance. Maternal gene effect was found to control days to 50% silking, size of seeds, number of seeds per cob and number of husk. It is therefore important to include reciprocals of traits in study. Obaatampa, Aburopa and Aburonenkatie were the best general combiner for 100 seeds weight. High narrow sense heritability was observed for days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, diameter of cob, length of cob, weight per cob, 100 seeds weight and size of seeds. The progeny Aburopa X Kamaazie light red recorded the highest SCA for 100 seeds weight followed by Kamaazie light red X Aburonenkatie
Strengths and Weaknesses of Non-chemical Weed Management Strategies in Small-scale Vegetable Production
No full textWeeds are continuing to create problems for vegetable growers more than ever before due to climate change, frequent cultivation, and the evolution of herbicide resistance. Weeds not only decrease vegetable yields but also reduce their quality. This case study aims to investigate weed management strategies, their strengths and weaknesses, and, the scope for improvements in a small-scale vegetable garden in Australia. The Armidale community garden in the New England region was selected for this study because of its wider types of vegetable production. The data was collected by observing and, taking an in-depth and unstructured interview of the convener of the garden. The study showed that the growers only use non-chemical weed management strategies to tackle the predicament. Mechanical and cultural methods including mulching, hand weeding, tillage, and grazing are mainly used to manage the weed infestation in the vegetable garden. Among them mulching with wood chips and hand weeding were considered more effective in minimizing the weed competition during the critical periods of crop development but they could not reach a satisfactory level. Thus, further improvements by integrating several approaches simultaneously are needed to control weeds more effectively and economically. The outcomes of the study will benefit both conventional and organic vegetable producers as well as researchers to keep weed populations at a manageable level
Antifungal Activity of Some Inorganic Salts on the Development of Fusarium spp., Causal Agents of Potato Tuber Dry Rot
No full textPotato dry rot caused by Fusarium spp. is one of the main fungal diseases hampering the production and marketing of potato tubers in Cameroon. This study was carried out in order to improve the health status of potato tubers and their preservation. To achieve this objective, Fusarium spp. were isolated on the Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) culture medium and identified on the basis of morphological and microscopic characteristics using reference documents. Antifungal activity of six inorganic salts was evaluated in vitro on the development of Fusarium spp. and on potato tubers artificially infected with these fungal species. The results showed that all the inorganic salts had a depressant effect on the development of Fusarium spp. Copper sulfate inhibited at 100%, the radial growth and sporulation of Fusarium spp. at all concentrations. Sodium metabisulfite and sodium carbonate inhibited at 100%, the growth and sporulation of all fungal species from a concentration of 6.4 mg/ml. No lesions were observed on inoculated potato tubers when they were treated with copper sulfate. These results suggest the implementation of a strategy to control dry rot of potato tubers through the use of inorganic salts, in order to reduce the losses caused by Fusarium spp
Empowerment of the Sekar Sari Processing Group in Processed Strawberry Products to Support Pancasari Village Ecotourism
No full textThe processing of innovative processed strawberry products made from local materials is developing currently, producing a variety of processed products that are increasingly diverse and widely circulating in the market. One of the villages that has the potential for this is Pancasari village which is a tourist destination village located in Sukasada District, Buleleng Regency. Pancasari village, Sukasada district has a variety of natural potentials, one of which is strawberries. Members of the Sekar Sari processing group asked to be given training and assistance regarding various processed strawberry products and marketing strategies to support ecotourism and increase family income. Strawberry-processed products are products that are in great demand by people throughout Bali. The raw materials are easy to get and the price is affordable. The activity will be carried out at the Sekar Sari Processing Group, Pancasari village, Sukasada district, Buleleng Regency, Bali province. Processed strawberry products have been produced and marketed by partners but not yet intensively, the packaging is not good and the marketing strategy is not optimal. Partners want to improve the appearance of their products so that they have a long shelf life so that they can be economically independent. Solutions made to solve the problems faced by partners are: providing appropriate technology for processing processed strawberry products into jam and dodol, a broader marketing strategy, ecotourism based on strawberry plantations, and providing equipment assistance. The method used is active community participation and exploratory. Community service activities have been running smoothly. International services regarding strawberry processing can have a significant positive impact on society, especially in terms of economic empowerment, food diversification, and cultural preservation. It is important to involve the community actively in this service process and respect their local knowledge and traditions to achieve results that are sustainable and beneficial to the communit
Prevalence of Bacterial Wilt Disease Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in Tomatoes within Meru South Sub-County
No full textTomato (Solanum lycopersicon) is among the most consumed vegetables across the globe. In most parts of Kenya, tomato production is characterized by low quality and huge losses due to pests and diseases. The most prevelance tomato diseases are caused by bacteria and fungi, most common being bacterial wilt. This study determined the prevalence of Ralstonia solanacearum in tomato farms in Meru South sub-county. The Prevalence of bacterial wilt was carried out by conducting a survey across agroecological zones in Meru South. Study farms were randomly selected. Data on the frequency of occurrence, severity, and impacts of the disease were collected by observation and administration of questionnaires to the farmers. The study broadens the understanding of R. solancaerum prevalence in Meru South sub-county
Performance Evaluation of Nutrient Dense Potato Genotypes at High Hills of Karnali Province, Nepal
No full textThe trial was carried out to identify suitable potato genotypes for high hills of Karnali province of Nepal. The genotypes were received from International Potato Centre (CIP), Lima, Peru through National Potato Research Program (NPRP) and evaluated for two consecutive years 2017 and 2018 at Horticulture Research Station (HRS), Rajikot, Jumla, Nepal (2396 masl). Nine nutrient dense potato genotypes with two checks i.e. Desiree and Jumli Local in on-station trial were tested in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Fertilizer was used at the rate of 100:100:60 kg NPK/ha and 20 t/ha compost. Well sprouted tubers of seed size (25-50 g) were planted at a spacing of 60cm x 25cm. The effects of different genotypes were recorded for both vegetative as well as yield parameters. There is a significant difference among tested genotypes for vegetative (emergence percentage at 30 days after planting & 45 days after planting, uniformity, ground coverage, plant height, number of main stems) as well as yield parameters (total number of tubers and tuber yield per ha). The highest tuber yield (46.93 t/ha) was recorded from genotype T 304351.109 followed by genotype T 304368.46 (41.46 t/ha) and genotype T 302498.7 (32.69 t/ha) among the nutrient dense potato genotypes. Similarly, late blight scoring was minimum (score 1) in all these three genotypes. The results of both years showed that potato genotypes T 304351.109, T 304368.46 and T 302498.7 are promising for cultivation in high hills of Karnali province to combat the malnutrition as well as ensure nutritional security
Genetic and Phenotypic Correlations between Characteristics in Local Guinea Fowl in Ghana
No full textThis study aimed at estimating genetic and phenotypic correlations among traits in local Guinea fowl in Ghana. Animal farm of Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development Mampong-Ashanti campus was where the study took place, from 2015 to 2018. Data for the experiment was obtained from keets made up of 300 males and 300 females. Parents of the keets consisted of 110 dams and 22 sires. Arithmetic method and Pearson’s product moment correlation were used for the estimates. In male Guinea fowl, the values of genetic correlations among growth characteristics ranged from -0.63 to 0.93. Between growth and other characteristics, estimates of genetic correlation ranged from 0.29 to 0.97, -0.67 to 0.43, -0.62 and 0.94 respectively. Values of phenotypic correlations among growth parameters were between -0.32 and 0.49. Range of figures of phenotypic correlations recorded between growth characteristics and survival, docility, and dressing percentage were between -0.28 and 0.28, -0.46 and 0.18, and -0.41 and 0.36 correspondently. In female Guinea fowl on the other hand, range of genetic correlations among growth traits was between -0.80 and 0.95. Range of figures of genetic correlation between growth traits and survival, docility, dressing percentage and reproductive characteristics of were from -0.47 to 0.9, -0.52 to 0.58, -0.58 to 0.82 and -0.59 to 0.9 respectively. The values of phenotypic correlations among growth characteristics fell between -0.39 and 0.46. Phenotypic correlations recorded between growth traits and survival, docility, dressing percentage and reproductive characteristics were from -0.26 to 0.47, -0.47 to 0.19, -0.35 to0.47 and -0.33 to 0.47 respectively. Values of genetic correlations higher than one (1) among some traits in male Guinea fowl were recorded. To conclude, discoveries of this study are in general agreement of what pertains to Guinea fowl and other farm livestock species
Evaluation of Selected Forage Pearl Millet Germplasm for Yield and Yield Component Traits
No full textThe present study aimed to evaluate the productivity of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) genotypes to select the promising genotypes for fresh and dry forage yields and its traits of thirteen selected genotypes of pearl millet from forty eight genotypes. The experiments grown in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications at Sids Agricultural Research Stations, in 2021 and 2022 summer seasons.
Studied traits showed highly significant different of mean squares for genotypes. Analysis of variance for 13 Pearl millet genotypes revealed highly significant variation for total fresh and dry forage yield whereas the highest one was millet6 followed by population Shandawal 1 and population millet Sids 3 which had 85.5, 80.8 and 74.9 kg/plot, respectively. While, the lowest one were millet10 followed by millet12 and millet11 which had 44.9,45.0 and 46.5 kg/plot, respectively. Also, the highest mean values for total dry yield were millet 6 followed by population shandawal 1and population millet Sids 3 which had 12.2,11.1 and 9.6 kg/plot, respectively. Variance components of total fresh forage yield for combined showed that grand mean 58.6, (δ2p 385.9) and(δ2g 383.1) and genetic advance 40.3. Also, total dry yield had 7.37,11.25,11.16 and 6.88 for grand mean, δ2p, δ2g and genetic advance, respectively. The most discriminating environment for millet genotype which is due to the differences between δ2g and δ2p. Also, the effects of the difference between genotypes were high. Heritability values were high for total fresh and dry yield which had 99.64 and 99.59,respectively. Heritability estimates increased when the differences between (G.C.V. %) and P.C.V. % values were the least values. The results cleared that were variations between all studied genotypes had possibility used these genotypes to improve the studied traits during breeding program. The results indicated that millet 6, population Shandawal 1 and population Sids 3 had the best genotypes and could be used in breeding program for fresh and dry yield, plant height, fresh and dry leaf stem percent
Perception of Farmers with Reference to Drones for Pesticides Spray at Kurukshetra District of Haryana, India
No full textAgricultural productivity and farmer perceptions plays crucial roles in shaping the future of sustainable farming practices. This research paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the impact of drone technology on paddy productivity, specifically focusing on pesticide spraying and explore the perception and attitude of farmers towards the usage of drones in agriculture. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 90 farmers. A mixed-method approach was taken to collect data through well-structured questionnaire, interview, field experiments and survey. Data was analyzed using garret ranking, correlation coefficient and Likert scale. The result shows that farmers find labor factors to be most crucial for adopting drones and problem of water scarcity could be easily overcome. As 60% of farming is depended on rainwater and since drones consume a mere 5-6liters of water, whereas conventional methods require over 100 liters of waters. Yield has increased to 6.25% and quality by 2.25%. Result shows moderate correlation coefficient of 0.6 between the factor influencing productivity of paddy before and after usage of drones
Exploring the Interplay of Sweet Pepper Varieties and Seedling Growing Techniques on Crop Productivity
No full textThis study, conducted at the "Horticulture Farm" of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from October 2021 to April 2022, aimed to investigate the impact of seedling growing techniques on the growth and yield of sweet pepper, considering different varieties. The experiment featured two main factors: Factor A, focusing on seedling growing techniques (T1 = Open field, T2 = Net house, and T3 = Poly tunnel), and Factor B, concerning pepper varieties (V1 = BARI Mistimorich 1, V2 = BARI Mistimorich 2, and V3 = California wonder). The experimental design employed was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Results from the analysis revealed significant variations in most of the studied characteristics related to sweet pepper growth and yield. The results underscored that both seedling growing techniques and pepper varieties had substantial influences on sweet pepper growth and yield. Regarding seedling growing techniques, the highest sweet pepper yield (50.83 t/ha) was observed in the Net house (T2) treatment, while the lowest yield (21.46 t/ha) was recorded in the Open field (T1) treatment. In terms of different varieties, the highest yield (45.00 t/ha) was obtained from BARI Mistimorich 2 (V2) treatment, whereas the lowest yield (30.42 t/ha) was associated with the California wonder (V3) treatment. The most promising results emerged from the combination of treatments, with the highest fruit yield (58.75 t/ha) achieved in the Net house + BARI Mistimorich 2 (T2V2) treatment combination. Conversely, the lowest fruit yield (15.63 t/ha) was observed in the Open field + California wonder (T1V3) treatment combination. Overall, this study demonstrates that the T2V2 treatment combination stands out as the most effective approach for achieving superior sweet pepper growth and fruit yield