Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research
Not a member yet
588 research outputs found
Sort by
Sustainable Agriculture Development in India: Emerging Issues, Challenges and Opportunities
No full textAgriculture is one of the most prominent sectors of the Indian economy. It is the source of livelihood for almost two third of the rural population workforce in the country residing in rural areas. In the present scenario, agriculture has progressed substantially well and is becoming more and more efficient over time. The achievements of quantum jump in the production and productivity can be attributed to the introduction and breeding of high yielding variety (HYV), which adequately demonstrated the vast potential of science-led revolutions viz., Green, White and Blue. Despite these appreciable achievements, challenges associated with climate risk and depleting natural resources. Almost 40.0 per cent of the crop land has been degraded in less than four decades, and almost 25.0 billion tonnes of top soil were being lost to erosion every year. The instinct performance of Indian agriculture depends on the performance of abundant resources, the sustainable strategies and methods adopted to face dryness due to the decrease in the rainfall, the agriculturist has to use the innovative strategies. It is in this context that the present paper seeks to draw the attention and need of a thorough study regarding sustainable agriculture development (SAD) in India. To achieve social and economic equality, sustainable agriculture methods must strike a balance between environmental health and economic prosperity. As a result, good management of both natural and human resources is critical. The Indian government has taken several efforts to promote long-term sustainable agricultural development
Performance of Promising Potato Genotypes in Red Ant (Dorylus orientalis) Management
No full textThis experiment was carried out to identify appropriate potato genotypes for red ant management and increase the tuber yield of potato during 2020 and 2021 years. Eight different promising potato genotypes [1. PRP-056267.9 2. PRP-85861.11 3. CIP-394311.112 4. PRP-136368.1 5. PRP-22627.1 6. PRP-296668.1 7. Janakdev (standard check) and 8. Ilam local (Bite)] received from National Potato Research Program (NPRP), Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal were included in the study. Experiment was conducted in previously red ant infected potato field in Completely Randomized Block Design with three replications. The experimental plot size was 5.4 m2 (3m x 1.8m) where planting tubers was done at 60 cm row to row and 25 cm plants to plant spacing. Fertilizers of NPK were applied at the rate of 100:100:60 kg /ha and 20 t/ha compost. Well sprouted tubers with weight 30-40 g were planted during the second week of February. Harvesting was done during the last week of July. Data on yield attributing traits, late blight disease, and number of red ant damaged tubers, red ant infested yield and healthy tuber yield were recorded. The standard check potato variety Janakdev (1.00 red ant score, 2.32 – 2.36 % red ant incidence percentage and 0.66 – 0. 71 t/ha red ant infected tuber yield ), PRP-056267.9 (1.00 red ant score, 4.51 – 5.10 % red ant incidence percentage and 0.56 – 0. 67 t/ha red ant infected tuber yield ) and PRP-85861.11 (1.00 red ant score, 4.55 – 5.47 % red ant incidence percentage and 0.76 – 0. 86 t/ha red ant infected tuber yield ) were found tolerant to red ant infestation and produced the highest tuber yield (27.74 t/ha – 28.62 t /ha by Janakdev variety followed by 21.79 - 22.26 t/ha by PRP-056267.9 and 21.09 - 21.05 t/ha by PRP-85861.11 potato genotypes). Therefore, planting of Janakdev variety as well as PRP-056267.9 and PRP-85861.11 potato genotypes is appropriate for higher potato tuber yield and lower down red ant incidence at Jaubari area
Effect of Indigenous Potash Sources on Growth and Yield of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)
No full textA field experiment was carried out using RBD design with 10 treatments and 3 replications at the main campus, UHS, Bagalkot. Sugar industry by-products such as incinerated ash, distillery sludge and distillery sludge ash were utilised in the experiment to examine their effect as potassium sources on growth and yield of cauliflower. These three distillery byproducts were applied as 100, 50 and 25 per cent as replacement for chemical potassium fertilizer (K2SO4). As a control, the final treatment was 100 per cent potassium sulphate. The N and P were supplied through urea and DAP respectively as per the recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF). . The higher contents of both primary and secondary nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) were observed in the treatment where 25 % of chemical fertilizer was replaced by incinerated ash. The content of these major nutrients and its uptake by the cauliflower plant was significantly higher with the treatment T4 (25% K through incinerated ash + 75% through K2SO4). Significantly higher curd yield (15.86 t ha-1) was associated with the treatment where 25 % of potassium supply was through incinerated ash
Effect of Land Ploughing Methods and Leveling Techniques on Wheat Production in the Upper Terraces of the Northern State - Sudan
No full textPrecision land leveling must be treated as a precursor technology for improving crop yield, enhancing input-use efficiency and ensuring long-term sustainability of the resources. A field experiment was conducted in Dongola Agricultural Research Farm, Northern State, for two successive seasons to investigate the effect of three type of ploughing; heavy disc harrow (H1), disc plough (H2) and no-ploughing (H3), and three land leveling techniques, Laser (L), Scraper (S) and traditional (T),on wheat production. The experiment was arranged in a strip split plot design and the treatments were replicated three times.
The results indicated that effective field capacity, fuel consumption, and slippage were significantly affected by ploughing method. Laser land leveling recorded the highest fuel consumption (16.3 L/hr), and the lowest field efficiency (55%). while the heavy disc harrow recorded the highest effective field capacity (0.98 ha/hr), field efficiency (71.2%) and wheel slippage (8.1%). The soil moisture content (db %) was increased with time and depth. The highest mean soil moisture content was obtained with the laser land leveling and heavy disc harrow treatment at 75-100cm soil depth as 24.82%. The results revealed that the highest average grain yield (4.63 ton/ha) and infiltration rate (31cm/hr) were also recorded by the laser land leveling and heavy disc harrow. The treatments showed significant differences at the 5% level between the treatments for the parameters measured. Multiple regression analysis showed a highly significant effect (P≤ 0.001) of laser leveling with disc harrow ploughing on grain yield, compared to the other treatments used in the study (R2 = 0.40). The relation between the grain yield (Y) and the treatments: X1 ploughing, X2 leveling is summarized in the following equation:
Y = 2.875 + 0.552X1 + 0.254X2
The study concluded that, although Laser leveling has increased the grain yield with high cost, yet it is not an expensive technique when the cost is distributed over the period of Laser leveling. The highest grain yield was obtained by the heavy disc harrow with laser land leveling
Effect of Adding Batak Onions (Allium chinense G. Don.) on Water Content and Ash Content of Mutton Meat Rendang
No full textAims: The aim of this research is to determine the water content and ash content of goat meat rendang with the addition of Batak onions in the processing process.
Study Design: Qualitative description.
Place and Duration of Study: Vahana Scientific Laboratory, West Sumatera.
Methodology: This study used an experimental method with a non-factorial completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4replications. The parameters tested were water content and ash content.
Results: The results showed that there was a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on the water content and ash content.
Conclusion: Batak onions can increase the nutritional value of mutton rendang seen from the water content and ash content
Morphological, Biochemical and Quality Control Analysis of Peas Genotypes under Cadmium Toxicity at the Seedling Stage
No full textCadmium toxicity is an emerging problem as it is the most abundant heavy metal in Pakistani soils. Peas are being grown near cities where an elevated level of cadmium persists. So, this study was conducted for the evaluation of 10 peas genotypes (TRIPLET, MID No. 2, Oskar, LM (OSE), METEOR, P-1, Rohina, PEA-09, LM-POIS, and LAMPO) under cadmium stress at the seedling stage in the greenhouse of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. There were 3 treatments of cadmium (0, 4, and 8 mg/kg soil) and each treatment was replicated five times in a completely randomized design. Different morphological traits i.e., fresh root weight, fresh seedling weight, root length, seedling length, dry root weight, dry seedling weight and biochemical traits i.e., Cd in the root, shoot, and soil were recorded by atomic absorption spectrometry. Generally, T1 reduced root and shoot parameters while 8 ppm Cd application comparatively enhanced the growth of peas genotypes. LM-POIS and LM (OSE) genotypes performed well under Cd stress and LM-POIS had also an elevated level of Cd in the shoot on the other hand TRIPLET and LAMPO were the least performing genotypes. It is suggested that Cd contamination significantly reduces pea growth; therefore, Cd-tolerant-peas genotypes should be developed or introduced. Further, Cd exposure in the soil should be minimized and already Cd-polluted soils should be remediated.
Smallholder Farmers’ Perception of Climate Risks at Municipality Level in South Africa
No full textHigh dependence on rain-fed agriculture impose smallholder farmers to a plethora of climate risks which are detrimental to agroecosystems and socio-economic status. Assessment of the impact of climate variability and change at farm level is key to developing suitable agro-advisories toward mitigating climate risks. Smallholder farmers in the semi-arid areas of South Africa are most vulnerable to heightened sensitivity to extreme weather events and inadequate exposure to adaptive capacity. The increasing pressures brought in by weather events, soil degradation, loss of biodiversity, increasing population is threatening food security and sustainable livelihoods. The study conducted a reconnaissance review with smallholder farmers from selected local municipalities in KwaZulu-Natal and Free State provinces. The purpose for this analysis was to determine local climate related challenges, gaps, shocks and barriers. The survey further, identified agricultural practices, climate risks, access to climate related advisories, access to other scientific knowledge and factors hindering sustainability, stability, and profitability. We further discussed the importance of drought in situ monitoring since drought was identified as the measure limiting factor to agricultural productivity. The existing challenge on the dissemination of scientific knowledge and the accessibility of agrometeorological application knowledge to smallholder farmers. Thus overcoming the constraints limiting the adoption of climate smart agriculture, weather and climate use, and minimise climatic risks and improve smallholder agricultural production
Factors Affecting Kid Mortality in Black Bengal Goats at Kanaighat Upazilla, Bangladesh
No full textAims: Goats contribute significantly to the rural economy by providing nutritional and food security as well as self-employment possibilities to small and marginal farmers. A study was conducted to determine the mortality rate of Black Bengal kids and to identify the influencing factors of kid mortality in Kanaighat Upazilla, Sylhet.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted from May 2022 to October 2022 at farmers-level goats at Kanaighat Upazilla, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
Methodology: A detailed study was carried out on all the 13 kids died out of 53 live kids born from 36 dams during the study period of six months. The traits considered in the analysis were birth weights of kids (classified as < 1.5 kg, 1.5- 2.5kg, > 2.5 kg), Milk yield of Dam (classified as <200 ml, 200-350 ml, >350 ml), Litter size (single, twin and triplet), Sex and Parity.
Results: The results indicated that the kid’s mortality was highest and lowest having milk yield of does found to be lower than 200 ml and 200-350 ml per day. On the contrary, it was also evident that the mortality of kids decreased from 44.0% to 4.76% with the increased birth weight from less than 1.5 kg groups to 1.5-2.5 kg groups respectively. Kids born as singly had the lowest mortality rate of 9.09%, followed by twins with 31.82% and triplets with 44.0% mortality. The study indicated that females had higher mortality than males kid. Male kids died at a rate of 14.26%, while female kids died at a rate of 36.0%. The first parity had the highest mortality rate (45.0%), followed by the third (20.0%), second (10.0%), and fourth (7.69%).
Conclusion: Greater emphasis should be put on improving kid birth weight, the milk-producing ability of does, and parity, which will reduce kid mortality to a greater extent and ultimately increase total productivity in Black Bengal goats
Influence of Plant Density and Fertilization on the Growth and Seed Yield of Bunching Onion (Allium fistulosum L.)
No full textAn experiment was conducted at the Horticulture farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during the period from November 2020 to April 2021 to study the influence of plant density and fertilization on the growth and seed yield of bunching onion. The experiment consisted of three levels of spacing (Viz. S1= 20 cm x 10 cm, S2= 20 cm x 15 cm, S3= 20 cm x 20 cm) and four levels of fertilizers (Viz. F0= No Application (control), F1= N57.5kgP66kgK45kgS10kgV6t/ha, F2= N57.5kgP66kgK45kgS10kg PM6t/ha, F3= N115kgP132kgK90kgS20kgV3tPM3t/ha). The two-factor experiment was carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and 12 treatments. Growth and yield of bunching onion were influenced by the different spacing. The S3 treatment resulted in the highest number of leaves (8.16), dry matter content in leaves (10.098%), number of seeds per umbel (496.56), thousand seed weight (3.64g). The maximum seed yield per hectare (1065 kg) was observed from S1 treatment. Different levels of fertilizer had also significant influence on yield of bunching onion. The highest number of leaves (8.80), thousand seed weight (4.08g) and seed yield per hectare (1056.3 kg) were found from the F3 treatment. The highest seed yield (1260 kg/ha) with net income (Tk.699991.4) and BCR (2.26) were observed from S1F3 treatment combination, while the lowest seed yield (700.2 kg/ha) with net income (Tk.258214.25) and BCR (1.56) were observed from S3F0 treatment combination. So, economic analysis revealed that the S1F3 treatment combination appeared to the best for achieving the higher yield and economic benefit of bunching onion
Characterization of Compost Made from Chicken Droppings and Fish Bones, and Its Application to Tomato Cultivation
No full textThe effect of compost made from chicken droppings and fish bones on soil quality and tomato production was evaluated. The soil of Bokito (Central Region-Cameroon) was amended with four variants C1, C2, C3 and C4 of compost at 5%, 10%, and 15% compost/soil (w/w). The experimental device was completely randomized en bloc with 5 repetitions for each treatment. The physicochemical, biological and biochemical parameters of compost and amended soils, as well as tomato production were evaluated.
The highest concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were obtained with C3 (1.96g/Kg) and C2 (0.42 g/Kg; 0.08 g/Kg) respectively. The different compost variants had a C/N ratio between 21.88 (C1) and 30.27 (C2) and their pH was basic. They were rich in exchangeable ions (Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, Na+) and poor in heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu). A significant increase in the C/N ratio was noted in all the amended soils compared to the unamended soil. It varied from 12.50±0.10 (unamended soil) to 30.55±2.04 (C1 10%). Exchangeable ion concentrations (Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, Na+) were higher in amended soils. The bacterial biomass varied from 347 x 105UFC/g (C4) to 609 x105UFC/g (C2) values significantly higher than that of the unamended soil (100 x105UFC/g). The fungal biomass varied from 470 x105UFC/g (C1) to 781 x105UFC/g (C2) values significantly higher than that of the unamended soil (120 x105UFC/g). The 15% C2 component presented the highest cellulase and protease activities with values 3 and 9 times higher than the unamended soil respectively. The compost variants C2 and C1 (15%) were generally more productive with respective values of 85 and 69 fruits, the tomato amended with the chemical fertilizer having given 24 fruits.
These results show that compost made from chicken droppings and fish bones could contribute to the development of green manure to enrich the soil, thus improving tomato production