Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research
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Molecular Characterization of Four (4) Accessions Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Cultivated in Different Localities of Central Africa and the Pakréssaya Variety (of Burkinabe Origin)
No full textSesame (Sesamum indicum L) is probably the oldest oilseed crop known and used by humans. In the Central African Republic, sesame remains an “orphan crop” due to the lack of scientific data on the genetic diversity of local accessions. Genetic diversity is the extent of genetic variability measured at the level of individuals, a population, a metapopulation, a species or a group of species. It is ensured by the genetic variability between individuals within the species. This study aims to contribute to a better knowledge of the genetic characteristics of sesame accessions in the Central African Republic. Analyses included genome sequence analysis and genetic polymorphism. Total DNA was extracted using the Zymo Research Kit, taking for each accession or variety a pool of five seeds constituting an individual. The results obtained showed the effectiveness of the 28S gene for the differentiation of sesame accessions (Sesamum indicum) because it showed a significant polymorphism between the different accessions studied and the Pakréssaya variety. The phylogenetic trees allowed us to structure sesame seeds according to their locality of origin
Feasibility of Timing Insecticide Applications based on Pheromone Trap Catches of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) in Maize
No full textThe fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), an invasive pest has recently spread to all over India and several other countries. For management of this pest, it is important to monitor moth activity by using pheromone traps. In the present study pheromone traps (Polythene sleeve type) baited with ‘GAIAGEN Lures’ (rubber septa) were installed @ 12 traps/ha in the experimental fields. The adult male moths caught during an observational week were counted. Per cent plant infestation was recorded at every seven days interval. The results have revealed that there was a gap of several weeks between peak field infestation and peak moth catch/trap, it indicates that field infestation was high even though moth trap catch was low and there is a negative association between the trap catches and per cent plant infestation. The relationship between field infestation (No. of larvae/plant and % plant infestation) and trap catches were negatively correlated for all the five weeks i.e., nth, (n-1)th, (n-2)th, (n-3)th, (n-4)th in both 2022-23 and 2023-24 years. There was no concrete evidence of field infestation taking place after adult trap catches. Therefore, it can be concluded that only pheromone trap catch data cannot be taken into consideration for timing insecticide application. Field scouting could be better option for monitoring fall armyworm in maize
In vitro Regeneration of Corchorus olitorius var. O-4
No full textThe aim of this study was to determine how several plant growth regulators, such as 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), indole acetic acid (IAA), and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), affected the tossa jute plant's ability to regenerate in vitro. However, the most calluses and shoots were produced when the cotyledon-attached petioles of Corchorus olitorius var. O-4 were utilized as explants and inoculated in Murashige Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 2.5 mg/L BA + 0.5 mg/L IAA. Two weeks after induction (WAI), the 2.5 mg/L BA + 0.5 mg/L IAA treatment generated five leaves. The IBA therapy at 2.0 mg/L resulted in the regeneration of the majority of roots. The treatment 0.6 mg/L IBA produced the longest roots and the highest proportion of root induction. Regenerated plantlets have a 68.4% survival rate in shaded conditions and an 87.2% survival rate in full sunlight. Thus, in order to genetically alter the organism, an effective technique for Corchorus olitorius var. O-4 in vitro regeneration has been established
Impact of Post- Harvest Losses of Rice (Oryza sativa) on Rice Processors Income in Benue State Nigeria
No full textThis study impact of post harvest losses of rice on rice processors income was conducted in Benue State Nigeria, the objectives were, to describe socio-economic characteristics of rice processors and to determine impact of post-harvest losses on rice processors income. The study employed the use of purposive, multi stage and simple random sampling procedures to select 150 rice processors using Taro Yamane’s proportionate sampling method. Simple descriptive statistics and ordinary least square regression analysis were used for data analyses. The result revealed, mean age of 41 years, 47.33% were married, 44.67% processed between 7 - 10 100kg bags of rice per week. 74.67% attended formal education, 36.67% had experience of between 10-15 years. Result of impact of post harvest losses of riceon rice processors income using ordinary least square regression model revealed that, adj R2 was 0.56 implying that about 56% of the variation in the income of rice processors is associated with the four variables included in the model, 3 variables of processing losses, storage losses and theft were negative and statistically significant at 1% implying that increase in these variables will lead to decrease in the value of the dependent variable income by the magnitude of their coefficients -5332, -3778 and -2217. The study recommends that; improving modern processing facilities, training and technology can significantly reduce post harvest losses by rice processors.Government and NGOs should invest in modern drying facilities; provide training on post harvest management for rice processors and improve transportation network and efficiency
Physico–Chemical Characterization of Camel (Camelus dromedarius) Milk as Influenced by Parities and Seasons under Pastoral Production System in Katsina State, Nigeria
No full textThe study was conducted in order to come-up with the various physico–chemical characterization of camel (Camelus dromedarius) milk under pastoral production system in Katsina State, Nigeria. It was conducted using twelve (12) lactating camel cows under three different parity levels (1, 3 and 5). The feeding and watering regimes of the camels were the same and all the animals were managed under pastoral production system. The animals for the study were carefully examined before the selection especially for calving and health status. Milk samples collected were studied under the guide of various prescribed methods using local kits available. Results obtained indicated higher values of acidity (0.35%) and specific gravity (1.008%) both under parity five in hot dry season followed by titerable acidity with higher values (0.015g) in parity three under cold dry season. Vitamin C was higher (4.71 mg/100ml) in parity five under wet season respectively. In conclusion, the study also confirmed that camel milk is full of evenly balanced nutritional constituents that plays a variety of roles despite the level of management, feeding and watering regimes
Impact of Manures, Fertilizers, and Rice Straw Allelopathy on T. aman Rice Yield
No full textNowadays, adopting agricultural practices that are sustainable and eco-friendly for crop production is a major concern. The present experiment was conducted at the AFLAB of BAU from June 2022 to November 2022 to estimate the combined effect of manures and fertilizers with rice straw allelopathy on the yield performance of transplant aman rice. The experiment consisted of two cultivars i.e.: BRRI dhan71 (V1) and BRRI dhan49 (V2) and eight treatments of the combination of rice straw, manures, and fertilizers such as Control (T1), Recommended doses of NPKS (T2), Rice straw @ 1.5 t ha-1 + Cow dung @ 5 t ha-1 (T3), Rice straw @ 1.5 t ha-1 + Cow dung @ 2.5 t ha-1 + 50% less of recommended doses of NPKS (T4 ), Rice straw @ 1.5 t ha-1 + Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 (T5) , Rice straw @ 1.5 t ha-1 + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 + 50% less of recommended doses of NPKS (T6), Rice straw @ 1.5 t ha-1 + Trichocompost @ 10 t ha-1 (T7), Rice straw @ 1.5 t ha-1 + Trichocompost @ 5 t ha-1 + 50% less of recommended doses of NPKS (T8). The grain yield as well as the yield contributing characters such as the number of effective tillers hill-1, number of grains panicle-1, 1000-grain weight was highest at BRRI dhan71 with Rice straw @ 1.5 t ha-1 + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 + 50% less of recommended doses of NPKS (T6) treatment, followed by Rice straw @ 1.5 t ha-1 + Trichocompost @ 10 t ha-1 (T7) treatment. BRRI dhan71 expressed superiority at yield and all the yield contributing characters than BRRI dhan49. This current study's results indicate that combining rice straw with manures and fertilizer could enhance the yield of transplant aman rice. As a result, mixing rice straws with manures and fertilizers could be a viable bundle of sustainable and eco-friendly ways for increasing crop productivity in the future
Assessment of Combining Ability Across Different Environments in Diallel Crosses of Durum Wheat (Triticum Durum Desf.)
No full textCombining ability analysis in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) using a half diallel of ten parents revealed the significance of both additive and non-additive genetic variances in controlling various traits. Ten parental lines, 45 hybrids and one standard check (GDW 1255) were evaluated in a Randomize Block Design with three replication at Wheat Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during Rabi 2022-23 over three environments created by different dates of sowing. However, the ratio of s2GCA/ s2SCA revealed preponderance of non-additive gene actions in all the traits. Parents MACS 3949, GW 1348 and NIDW 1158 were the good general combiners, whereas crosses MPO 1336 × RAJ 3307, NIDW 1158 × HD 4758 and WHD 965 × NIDW 1158 were found to be best specific combiners for grain yield per plant and some of the yield contributing traits over environments. However, on the basis of per se performance and significant SCA effects for grain yield per plant and some of its important components, hybrids MPO 1336 × RAJ 3307, GW 1348 × NIDW 1158 and NIDW 1158 × HD 4758 were considered to be most promising for further exploitation in breeding programmes
Foliar Application of Multi-Nutrient Mixture for Growth and Productivity in Mulberry
No full textFoliar feeding, the application of nutrients directly to plant leaves, has emerged as a important technique for improving the crop productivity, particularly in mulberry cultivation. This method addresses nutrient deficiencies in soils with poor fertility, where traditional soil fertilization is often inadequate. Foliar feeding allows for rapid nutrient absorption, effectively mitigating plant nutrient deficiencies and enhancing plant vigour and productivity. Balanced nutrition, particularly with macronutrients like nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), alongside essential micronutrients such as zinc (Zn) and boron (B), is required in optimal level for enhanced leaf productivity and its quality in mulberry. Foliar spray of multi-nutrient formulation could supply the balanced nutrition to the crop. Evaluated two different multi-nutrient formulations (MNF-I and MNF-II with 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% concentration) through foliar application in mulberry. The study revealed that MNF-I at 0.75% significantly improved leaf yield and economic returns compared to control (no multi-nutrient application). The results demonstrated enhanced total soluble protein and sugar content in leaves, critical for silkworm nutrition. Additionally, improvements in chlorophyll content and moisture retention were observed, supporting the nutritional quality of the leaves. The findings underscore the effectiveness of foliar fertilization in optimizing nutrient use efficiency and overcoming soil-related limitations. The study advocates for the adoption of tailored multi-nutrient formulations to bolster sustainable sericulture practices. Overall, this study highlights the potential of foliar feeding as a viable strategy for enhancing quality mulberry leaf productivity and supporting the sericulture industry sustainably
Dietary Supplementation of Poultry for Designer Egg Production: A Review
No full textDesigner egg production has emerged as a promising area of research and innovation in the poultry industry, driven by the growing consumer demand for eggs with enhanced nutritional profiles. The fortification of eggs with essential nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants offers significant health benefits, including improved heart health, enhanced immune function, and protection against oxidative stress. Various dietary supplements, including plant-based phytobiotics, carotenoids, herbs, and fortified feeds, are being utilized to increase the levels of specific nutrients in eggs, such as vitamin E, selenium, zinc, and carotenoids like lutein and zeaxanthin. Additionally, supplementation with antioxidants, such as vitamin E and carotenoids, helps prevent lipid oxidation, preserving the nutritional integrity of eggs, especially those enriched with omega-3 fatty acids. Research indicates that dietary modifications can also increase the presence of bioactive compounds like immunoglobulin Y (IgY) in eggs, which may have therapeutic applications. This paper explores the methods of producing designer eggs, including the supplementation of hen diets with functional ingredients, and highlights the potential health benefits for consumers. As consumer interest in functional foods grows, the production of designer eggs could serve as a key strategy for addressing dietary gaps and improving public health
Effect of Goat Breeds on the Milk Composition under Climatic Conditions of Bhandarej Tahsil of Dausa District, Rajasthan, India
No full textThe aim of the study is to assess milk composition at specific location. The study was designed as per the resources available at local situation. The research has conducted at the Bhandarej tahsil of Rukmani Devi College of Agriculture, Dausa district of Rajasthan during 2021-23. The specific gravity of Jamunapari goat breed’s milk was greater than that of Sirohi animals. 05 milk samples of Jamunapari Goat and 05 milk samples were collected from Sirohi goat breed during the lactation at different villages of dausa tahsil of dausa district throughout two years. The overall fat per cent in the both breeds during 2021- 23 of all the 1200 samples was found to be 4.68±0.021, Solids Not Fat (SNF) 8.45±0.030 per cent and total solids percentage was found to be 13.32 ± 0.035. The protein per cent during 2021 - 22 conditions was significantly (p <0.01) greater than that of farm rearing goat milk in both the breeds. The statistical analysis also revealed that the lactose content in 2021 – 22 has significantly higher than that of 2022 -23 in Sirohi as well as Jamunapari goat breeds at p <0.05.The overall average ash content in both breed’s milk during 2021 - 23 of all samples was found to be 0.815±0.007 per cent. Breed had conspicuous effects on milk quality of goats under study